Study Summary
This trial will assess if a physiotherapist-guided intervention called Stop OsteoARthritis (SOAR) can help prevent osteoarthritis in people at risk due to a past knee injury.
- Osteoarthritis of the Knee
- Arthritis
- Osteoarthritis
- Knee Arthritis
- Knee Injuries
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tear
- Meniscus Tears
Treatment Effectiveness
Effectiveness Progress
Study Objectives
1 Primary · 3 Secondary · Reporting Duration: Change from baseline hop function at 9-weeks
Trial Safety
Safety Progress
Trial Design
1 Treatment Group
Immediate SOAR Program
1 of 1
Experimental Treatment
70 Total Participants · 1 Treatment Group
Primary Treatment: Immediate 8-Week SOAR Program · No Placebo Group · N/A
Trial Logistics
Trial Timeline
Who is running the clinical trial?
Eligibility Criteria
Age 16 - 35 · All Participants · 9 Total Inclusion Criteria
Mark “Yes” if the following statements are true for you:Who else is applying?
What state do they live in?
Florida | 100.0% |
How old are they?
18 - 65 | 100.0% |
What portion of applicants met pre-screening criteria?
Did not meet criteria | 100.0% |
- Gianotti, Simon M., Stephen W. Marshall, Patria A. Hume, and Lorna Bunt. 2009. “Incidence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Other Knee Ligament Injuries: A National Population-based Study”. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2008.07.005.
- Whittaker, Jackie L, Clodagh M Toomey, Linda J Woodhouse, Jacob L Jaremko, Alberto Nettel-Aguirre, and Carolyn A Emery. 2017. “Association Between Mri-defined Osteoarthritis, Pain, Function and Strength 3–10 Years Following Knee Joint Injury in Youth Sport”. British Journal of Sports Medicine. BMJ. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-097576.
- Øiestad, B.E., C.B. Juhl, I. Eitzen, and J.B. Thorlund. 2015. “Knee Extensor Muscle Weakness Is a Risk Factor for Development of Knee Osteoarthritis. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis”. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2014.10.008.
- Feucht, Matthias J., Matthias Cotic, Tim Saier, Philipp Minzlaff, Johannes E. Plath, Andreas B. Imhoff, and Stefan Hinterwimmer. 2014. “Patient Expectations of Primary and Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction”. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1007/s00167-014-3364-z.
- Andrade, Renato, Rogério Pereira, Robert van Cingel, J Bart Staal, and João Espregueira-Mendes. 2019. “How Should Clinicians Rehabilitate Patients After ACL Reconstruction? A Systematic Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines (cpgs) with a Focus on Quality Appraisal (AGREE II)”. British Journal of Sports Medicine. BMJ. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-100310.
- Chan, A.-W., J. M. Tetzlaff, P. C. Gotzsche, D. G. Altman, H. Mann, J. A. Berlin, K. Dickersin, et al.. 2013. “SPIRIT 2013 Explanation and Elaboration: Guidance for Protocols of Clinical Trials”. Bmj. BMJ. doi:10.1136/bmj.e7586.
- Bodkin, Stephan G., Margaret H. Rutherford, David R. Diduch, Stephen F. Brockmeier, and Joe M. Hart. 2019. “How Much Time Is Needed Between Serial “return to Play” Assessments to Achieve Clinically Important Strength Gains in Patients Recovering from Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?”. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. SAGE Publications. doi:10.1177/0363546519886291.
- Légaré F, Stacey D, Turcotte S, Cossi MJ, Kryworuchko J, Graham ID, Lyddiatt A, Politi MC, Thomson R, Elwyn G, Donner-Banzhoff N. Interventions for improving the adoption of shared decision making by healthcare professionals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Sep 15;(9):CD006732. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006732.pub3. Review. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jul 19;7:CD006732.
- Bannuru, R.R., M.C. Osani, E.E. Vaysbrot, N.K. Arden, K. Bennell, S.M.A. Bierma-Zeinstra, V.B. Kraus, et al.. 2019. “OARSI Guidelines for the Non-surgical Management of Knee, Hip, and Polyarticular Osteoarthritis”. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2019.06.011.
- Snoeker, Barbara, Aleksandra Turkiewicz, Karin Magnusson, Richard Frobell, Dahai Yu, George Peat, and Martin Englund. 2019. “Risk of Knee Osteoarthritis After Different Types of Knee Injuries in Young Adults: A Population-based Cohort Study”. British Journal of Sports Medicine. BMJ. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-100959.
- Fernandes, Gwen Sascha, Sanjay Mukund Parekh, Jonathan Moses, Colin Fuller, Brigitte Scammell, Mark Edward Batt, Weiya Zhang, and Michael Doherty. 2017. “Prevalence of Knee Pain, Radiographic Osteoarthritis and Arthroplasty in Retired Professional Footballers Compared with Men in the General Population: A Cross-sectional Study”. British Journal of Sports Medicine. BMJ. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-097503.
- Laudon, J., J.L. Whittaker, G. Ren, J.L. Jaremko, C.A. Emery, and R.J. Krawetz. 2019. “Serum Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) Expression in Individuals Who Sustained a Youth Sport-related Intra-articular Knee Injury 3–10 Years Previously and Uninjured Matched Controls”. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2018.09.011.
- Ezzat, Allison M., Mariana Brussoni, Jackie L. Whittaker, and Carolyn A. Emery. 2018. “A Qualitative Investigation of the Attitudes and Beliefs About Physical Activity and Post-traumatic Osteoarthritis in Young Adults 3–10 Years After an Intra-articular Knee Injury”. Physical Therapy in Sport. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.05.001.
- Whittaker, Jackie L., and Ewa M. Roos. 2019. “A Pragmatic Approach to Prevent Post-traumatic Osteoarthritis After Sport or Exercise-related Joint Injury”. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2019.02.008.
- JANZ, KATHLEEN F., ELENA M. LETUCHY, JULIE M. EICHENBERGER GILMORE, TRUDY L. BURNS, JAMES C. TORNER, MARCIA C. WILLING, and STEVEN M. LEVY. 2010. “Early Physical Activity Provides Sustained Bone Health Benefits Later in Childhood”. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181c619b2.
- Juhl, C., R. Christensen, E. M. Roos, W. Zhang, and H. Lund. 2014. “Impact of Exercise Type and Dose on Pain and Disability in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-regression Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials”. Arthritis & Rheumatology. Wiley. doi:10.1002/art.38290.
- Yu, Dahai, Kelvin P Jordan, John Bedson, Martin Englund, Fiona Blyth, Aleksandra Turkiewicz, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra, and George Peat. 2017. “Population Trends in the Incidence and Initial Management of Osteoarthritis: Age-period-cohort Analysis of the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, 1992–2013”. Rheumatology. Oxford University Press (OUP). doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kex270.
- Emery, CA, and H Tyreman. 2009. “Sport Participation, Sport Injury, Risk Factors and Sport Safety Practices in Calgary and Area Junior High Schools”. Paediatrics & Child Health. Oxford University Press (OUP). doi:10.1093/pch/14.7.439.
- Silverwood, V., M. Blagojevic-Bucknall, C. Jinks, J.L. Jordan, J. Protheroe, and K.P. Jordan. 2015. “Current Evidence on Risk Factors for Knee Osteoarthritis in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis”. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2014.11.019.
- Bricca, Alessio, Wolfgang Wirth, Carsten B. Juhl, Jana Kemnitz, David J. Hunter, C. Kent Kwoh, Felix Eckstein, and Adam G. Culvenor. 2019. “Moderate Physical Activity and Prevention of Cartilage Loss in People with Knee Osteoarthritis: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative”. Arthritis Care & Research. Wiley. doi:10.1002/acr.23791.
- Watt, F.E., N. Corp, S.R. Kingsbury, R. Frobell, M. Englund, D.T. Felson, M. Levesque, et al.. 2019. “Towards Prevention of Post-traumatic Osteoarthritis: Report from an International Expert Working Group on Considerations for the Design and Conduct of Interventional Studies Following Acute Knee Injury”. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2018.08.001.
- WHITTAKER, JACKIE L., CLODAGH M. TOOMEY, ALBERTO NETTEL-AGUIRRE, JACOB L. JAREMKO, PATRICIA K. DOYLE-BAKER, LINDA J. WOODHOUSE, and CAROLYN A. EMERY. 2019. “Health-related Outcomes After a Youth Sport–related Knee Injury”. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001787.
- Baltich, Jennifer, Jackie Whittaker, Vinzenz Von Tscharner, Alberto Nettel-Aguirre, Benno M. Nigg, and Carolyn Emery. 2015. “The Impact of Previous Knee Injury on Force Plate and Field-based Measures of Balance”. Clinical Biomechanics. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2015.06.005.
- Ezzat, A.M., J.L. Whittaker, C. Toomey, P.K. Doyle-Baker, M. Brussoni, and C.A. Emery. 2018. “Knee Confidence in Youth and Young Adults at Risk of Post-traumatic Osteoarthritis 3–10 Years Following Intra-articular Knee Injury”. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2017.11.012.
- Wallace, Ian J., Steven Worthington, David T. Felson, Robert D. Jurmain, Kimberly T. Wren, Heli Maijanen, Robert J. Woods, and Daniel E. Lieberman. 2017. “Knee Osteoarthritis Has Doubled in Prevalence Since the Mid-20th Century”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi:10.1073/pnas.1703856114.
- Fransen, Marlene, Sara McConnell, Alison R Harmer, Martin Van der Esch, Milena Simic, and Kim L Bennell. 2015. “Exercise for Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Cochrane Systematic Review”. British Journal of Sports Medicine. BMJ. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095424.
- Helminen, Heikki J., Mika M. Hyttinen, Mikko J. Lammi, Jari P. A. Arokoski, Tuomo Lapveteläinen, Jukka Jurvelin, Ilkka Kiviranta, and Markku I. Tammi. 2000. “Regular Joint Loading in Youth Assists in the Establishment and Strengthening of the Collagen Network of Articular Cartilage and Contributes to the Prevention of Osteoarthrosis Later in Life: A Hypothesis”. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1007/pl00010638.
- Logerstedt, David S., David Scalzitti, May Arna Risberg, Lars Engebretsen, Kate E. Webster, Julian Feller, Lynn Snyder-Mackler, Michael J. Axe, and Christine M. McDonough. 2017. “Knee Stability and Movement Coordination Impairments: Knee Ligament Sprain Revision 2017”. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT). doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.0303.
- Maly, Monica, Koji Duncan, and Jaclyn Chopp-Hurley. 2016. “A Systematic Review to Evaluate Exercise for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: Does This Approach Reduce the Incidence of Knee Osteoarthritis?”. Open Access Rheumatology: Research and Reviews. Informa UK Limited. doi:10.2147/oarrr.s81673.
- Thabane, Lehana, Jinhui Ma, Rong Chu, Ji Cheng, Afisi Ismaila, Lorena P Rios, Reid Robson, Marroon Thabane, Lora Giangregorio, and Charles H Goldsmith. 2010. “A Tutorial on Pilot Studies: The What, Why and How”. BMC Medical Research Methodology. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-10-1.
- O’Brien, Bridget C., Ilene B. Harris, Thomas J. Beckman, Darcy A. Reed, and David A. Cook. 2014. “Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research”. Academic Medicine. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000000388.
- Hemming, Karla, Richard Lilford, and Alan J. Girling. 2014. “Stepped-wedge Cluster Randomised Controlled Trials: A Generic Framework Including Parallel and Multiple-level Designs”. Statistics in Medicine. Wiley. doi:10.1002/sim.6325.
- Niemeijer, Andre, Hans Lund, Signe Nilssen Stafne, Thomas Ipsen, Cathrine Luhaäär Goldschmidt, Claus Thomas Jørgensen, and Carsten B Juhl. 2019. “Adverse Events of Exercise Therapy in Randomised Controlled Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis”. British Journal of Sports Medicine. BMJ. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-100461.
- Safiri, Saeid, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Emma Smith, Catherine Hill, Deepti Bettampadi, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Damian Hoy, et al.. 2020. “Global, Regional and National Burden of Osteoarthritis 1990-2017: A Systematic Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017”. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. BMJ. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216515.
- March, Lynette M., and Clarissa J.M. Bachmeier. 1997. “10 Economics of Osteoarthritis: A Global Perspective”. Baillière's Clinical Rheumatology. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/s0950-3579(97)80011-8.
- Toomey, Clodagh M., Jackie L. Whittaker, Alberto Nettel-Aguirre, Raylene A. Reimer, Linda J. Woodhouse, Brianna Ghali, Patricia K. Doyle-Baker, and Carolyn A. Emery. 2017. “Higher Fat Mass Is Associated with a History of Knee Injury in Youth Sport”. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT). doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7101.
- Whittaker, J.L., L.J. Woodhouse, A. Nettel-Aguirre, and C.A. Emery. 2015. “Outcomes Associated with Early Post-traumatic Osteoarthritis and Other Negative Health Consequences 3–10 Years Following Knee Joint Injury in Youth Sport”. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2015.02.021.
- van Melick, Nicky, Robert E H van Cingel, Frans Brooijmans, Camille Neeter, Tony van Tienen, Wim Hullegie, and Maria W G Nijhuis-van der Sanden. 2016. “Evidence-based Clinical Practice Update: Practice Guidelines for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rehabilitation Based on a Systematic Review and Multidisciplinary Consensus”. British Journal of Sports Medicine. BMJ. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095898.
- Skou, Søren T., Ewa M. Roos, Mogens B. Laursen, Michael S. Rathleff, Lars Arendt-Nielsen, Ole Simonsen, and Sten Rasmussen. 2015. “A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Total Knee Replacement”. New England Journal of Medicine. Massachusetts Medical Society. doi:10.1056/nejmoa1505467.
- Helms, Eric R., John Cronin, Adam Storey, and Michael C. Zourdos. 2016. “Application of the Repetitions in Reserve-based Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale for Resistance Training”. Strength & Conditioning Journal. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). doi:10.1519/ssc.0000000000000218.
- Truong, Linda K, Amber D Mosewich, Christopher J Holt, Christina Y Le, Maxi Miciak, and Jackie L Whittaker. 2020. “Psychological, Social and Contextual Factors Across Recovery Stages Following a Sport-related Knee Injury: A Scoping Review”. British Journal of Sports Medicine. BMJ. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-101206.
- Li, Linda C, Eric C Sayre, Hui Xie, Ryan S Falck, John R Best, Teresa Liu-Ambrose, Navi Grewal, Alison M Hoens, Greg Noonan, and Lynne M Feehan. 2018. “Efficacy of a Community-based Technology-enabled Physical Activity Counseling Program for People with Knee Osteoarthritis: Proof-of-concept Study”. Journal of Medical Internet Research. JMIR Publications Inc.. doi:10.2196/jmir.8514.
- Lewis, Zakkoyya H., Elizabeth J. Lyons, Jessica M. Jarvis, and Jacques Baillargeon. 2015. “Using an Electronic Activity Monitor System as an Intervention Modality: A Systematic Review”. BMC Public Health. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1947-3.
- Bowen, Deborah J., Matthew Kreuter, Bonnie Spring, Ludmila Cofta-Woerpel, Laura Linnan, Diane Weiner, Suzanne Bakken, et al.. 2009. “How We Design Feasibility Studies”. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.02.002.
- Tayfur, Beyza, Chedsada Charuphongsa, Dylan Morrissey, and Stuart Charles Miller. 2020. “Neuromuscular Function of the Knee Joint Following Knee Injuries: Does It Ever Get Back to Normal? A Systematic Review with Meta-analyses”. Sports Medicine. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1007/s40279-020-01386-6.
- Undheim, Marit Baste, Ciaran Cosgrave, Enda King, Siobhán Strike, Brendan Marshall, Éanna Falvey, and Andrew Franklyn-Miller. 2015. “Isokinetic Muscle Strength and Readiness to Return to Sport Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Is There an Association? A Systematic Review and a Protocol Recommendation”. British Journal of Sports Medicine. BMJ. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2014-093962.
- Feehan, Lynne M, Jasmina Geldman, Eric C Sayre, Chance Park, Allison M Ezzat, Ju Young Yoo, Clayon B Hamilton, and Linda C Li. 2018. “Accuracy of Fitbit Devices: Systematic Review and Narrative Syntheses of Quantitative Data”. JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth. JMIR Publications Inc.. doi:10.2196/10527.
- Bandura, Albert. 1977. “Self-efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change.”. Psychological Review. American Psychological Association (APA). doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191.
- Bandura, Albert. 1989. “Human Agency in Social Cognitive Theory.”. American Psychologist. American Psychological Association (APA). doi:10.1037/0003-066x.44.9.1175.
- VAN DER HORST, KLAZINE, MARIJKE J. CHIN A. PAW, JOS W. R. TWISK, and WILLEM VAN MECHELEN. 2007. “A Brief Review on Correlates of Physical Activity and Sedentariness in Youth”. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318059bf35.
- Thomeé, P., P. Währborg, M. Börjesson, R. Thomeé, B. I. Eriksson, and J. Karlsson. 2006. “Self-efficacy, Symptoms and Physical Activity in Patients with an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Prospective Study”. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. Wiley. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00557.x.
- Collins, N.J., C.A.C. Prinsen, R. Christensen, E.M. Bartels, C.B. Terwee, and E.M. Roos. 2016. “Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS): Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Measurement Properties”. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2016.03.010.
- Chatman, Andre B, Scott P Hyams, James M Neel, Jill M Binkley, Paul W Stratford, Ann Schomberg, and Mike Stabler. 1997. “The Patient-specific Functional Scale: Measurement Properties in Patients with Knee Dysfunction”. Physical Therapy. Oxford University Press (OUP). doi:10.1093/ptj/77.8.820.
- Amireault, Steve, and Gaston Godin. 2015. “The Godin-shephard Leisure-time Physical Activity Questionnaire: Validity Evidence Supporting Its Use for Classifying Healthy Adults into Active and Insufficiently Active Categories”. Perceptual and Motor Skills. SAGE Publications. doi:10.2466/03.27.pms.120v19x7.
- Smith, David, Peter Harvey, Sharon Lawn, Melanie Harris, and Malcolm Battersby. 2016. “Measuring Chronic Condition Self-management in an Australian Community: Factor Structure of the Revised Partners in Health (PIH) Scale”. Quality of Life Research. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1007/s11136-016-1368-5.
- Kvist, Joanna, Anna Ek, Katja Sporrstedt, and Lars Good. 2005. “Fear of Re-injury: A Hindrance for Returning to Sports After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction”. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1007/s00167-004-0591-8.
- Mitchell, Ian, Lynne Evans, Tim Rees, and Lew Hardy. 2013. “Stressors, Social Support, and Tests of the Buffering Hypothesis: Effects on Psychological Responses of Injured Athletes”. British Journal of Health Psychology. Wiley. doi:10.1111/bjhp.12046.
- Zimet, Gregory D., Suzanne S. Powell, Gordon K. Farley, Sidney Werkman, and Karen A. Berkoff. 1990. “Psychometric Characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support”. Journal of Personality Assessment. Informa UK Limited. doi:10.1080/00223891.1990.9674095.
- Canty-Mitchell, Janie, and Gregory D. Zimet. 2000. “Psychometric Properties of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support in Urban Adolescents”. American Journal of Community Psychology. Wiley. doi:10.1023/a:1005109522457.
- Freeman, Paul, Pete Coffee, and Tim Rees. 2011. “The PASS-Q: The Perceived Available Support in Sport Questionnaire”. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. Human Kinetics. doi:10.1123/jsep.33.1.54.
- Fischer, Felix, Christian Fink, Elmar Herbst, Christian Hoser, Caroline Hepperger, Cornelia Blank, and Peter Gföller. 2017. “Higher Hamstring-to-quadriceps Isokinetic Strength Ratio During the First Post-operative Months in Patients with Quadriceps Tendon Compared to Hamstring Tendon Graft Following ACL Reconstruction”. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1007/s00167-017-4522-x.
- Abourezk, Matthew N., Matthew P. Ithurburn, Michael P. McNally, Louise M. Thoma, Matthew S. Briggs, Timothy E. Hewett, Kurt P. Spindler, Christopher C. Kaeding, and Laura C. Schmitt. 2016. “Hamstring Strength Asymmetry at 3 Years After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Alters Knee Mechanics During Gait and Jogging”. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. SAGE Publications. doi:10.1177/0363546516664705.
- Kline, Paul W., Cale A. Jacobs, Stephen T. Duncan, and Brian Noehren. 2019. “Rate of Torque Development Is the Primary Contributor to Quadriceps Avoidance Gait Following Total Knee Arthroplasty”. Gait & Posture. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.12.019.
- Reid, Kieran F., Lori Lyn Price, William F. Harvey, Jeffrey B. Driban, Cynthia Hau, Roger A. Fielding, and Chenchen Wang. 2015. “Muscle Power Is an Independent Determinant of Pain and Quality of Life in Knee Osteoarthritis”. Arthritis & Rheumatology. Wiley. doi:10.1002/art.39336.
- Kline, Paul W., Kristin D. Morgan, Darren L. Johnson, Mary Lloyd Ireland, and Brian Noehren. 2015. “Impaired Quadriceps Rate of Torque Development and Knee Mechanics After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Patellar Tendon Autograft”. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. SAGE Publications. doi:10.1177/0363546515595834.
- Cobian, Daniel G., Cameron M. Koch, Annunziato Amendola, and Glenn N. Williams. 2017. “Knee Extensor Rate of Torque Development Before and After Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy, with Analysis of Neuromuscular Mechanisms”. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT). doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7310.
- Davis, Hope C., J. Troy Blackburn, Eric D. Ryan, Brittney A. Luc-Harkey, Matthew S. Harkey, Darin A. Padua, and Brian Pietrosimone. 2017. “Quadriceps Rate of Torque Development and Disability in Individuals with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction”. Clinical Biomechanics. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2017.04.011.
- Hunt, M.A., J.M. Charlton, and J.-F. Esculier. 2020. “Osteoarthritis Year in Review 2019: Mechanics”. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2019.12.003.
- Wellsandt, Elizabeth, Michael J. Axe, and Lynn Snyder-Mackler. 2018. “Poor Performance on Single-legged Hop Tests Associated with Development of Posttraumatic Knee Osteoarthritis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury”. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. SAGE Publications. doi:10.1177/2325967118810775.
- Losciale, Justin M., Garrett Bullock, Christina Cromwell, Leila Ledbetter, Laura Pietrosimone, and Timothy C. Sell. 2019. “Hop Testing Lacks Strong Association with Key Outcome Variables After Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review”. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. SAGE Publications. doi:10.1177/0363546519838794.
- Davies, William T., Gregory D. Myer, and Paul J. Read. 2019. “Is It Time We Better Understood the Tests We Are Using for Return to Sport Decision Making Following ACL Reconstruction? A Critical Review of the Hop Tests”. Sports Medicine. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1007/s40279-019-01221-7.
- Reid, Andrea, Trevor B Birmingham, Paul W Stratford, Greg K Alcock, and J Robert Giffin. 2007. “Hop Testing Provides a Reliable and Valid Outcome Measure During Rehabilitation After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction”. Physical Therapy. Oxford University Press (OUP). doi:10.2522/ptj.20060143.
- Talma, H., M. J. M. Chinapaw, B. Bakker, R. A. HiraSing, C. B. Terwee, and T. M. Altenburg. 2013. “Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis to Estimate Body Composition in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Evidence Appraisal of Validity, Responsiveness, Reliability and Measurement Error”. Obesity Reviews. Wiley. doi:10.1111/obr.12061.
- Leahy, Siobhan, Cian O’Neill, Rhoda Sohun, and Philip Jakeman. 2011. “A Comparison of Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis to Measure Total and Segmental Body Composition in Healthy Young Adults”. European Journal of Applied Physiology. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1007/s00421-011-2010-4.
- Coyne, IT. 1997. “Sampling in Qualitative Research. Purposeful and Theoretical Sampling; Merging or Clear Boundaries?”. Journal of Advanced Nursing. Wiley. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.t01-25-00999.x.
- Schoenfeld, David. 1980. “Statistical Considerations for Pilot Studies”. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*biology*physics. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/0360-3016(80)90153-4.
- Curran, Geoffrey M., Mark Bauer, Brian Mittman, Jeffrey M. Pyne, and Cheryl Stetler. 2012. “Effectiveness-implementation Hybrid Designs”. Medical Care. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). doi:10.1097/mlr.0b013e3182408812.
- Wilson, Paul M, Mark Petticrew, Mike W Calnan, and Irwin Nazareth. 2010. “Disseminating Research Findings: What Should Researchers Do? A Systematic Scoping Review of Conceptual Frameworks”. Implementation Science. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1186/1748-5908-5-91.
- Roos, Ewa M., and Nigel K. Arden. 2015. “Strategies for the Prevention of Knee Osteoarthritis”. Nature Reviews Rheumatology. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2015.135.
- Bricca, Alessio, Wolfgang Wirth, Carsten B. Juhl, Jana Kemnitz, David J. Hunter, C. Kent Kwoh, Felix Eckstein, and Adam G. Culvenor. 2019. “Moderate Physical Activity and Prevention of Cartilage Loss in People with Knee Osteoarthritis: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative”. Arthritis Care & Research. Wiley. doi:10.1002/acr.23791.
- Whittaker, Jackie L., Linda K. Truong, Justin M. Losciale, Trish Silvester-Lee, Maxi Miciak, Andrea Pajkic, Christina Y. Le, et al.. 2022. “Efficacy of the SOAR Knee Health Program: Protocol for a Two-arm Stepped-wedge Randomized Delayed-controlled Trial”. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1186/s12891-022-05019-z.
- Whittaker JL, Roos EM. A pragmatic approach to prevent post-traumatic osteoarthritis after sport or exercise-related joint injury. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2019 Feb;33(1):158-171. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2019.02.008. Epub 2019 Mar 14.
- Kvist J, Ek A, Sporrstedt K, Good L. Fear of re-injury: a hindrance for returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2005 Jul;13(5):393-7. doi: 10.1007/s00167-004-0591-8. Epub 2005 Feb 10.
- Davies WT, Myer GD, Read PJ. Is It Time We Better Understood the Tests We are Using for Return to Sport Decision Making Following ACL Reconstruction? A Critical Review of the Hop Tests. Sports Med. 2020 Mar;50(3):485-495. doi: 10.1007/s40279-019-01221-7.
- Thomee P, Wahrborg P, Borjesson M, Thomee R, Eriksson BI, Karlsson J. Self-efficacy, symptoms and physical activity in patients with an anterior cruciate ligament injury: a prospective study. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2007 Jun;17(3):238-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00557.x. Epub 2006 Jun 15.
- Freeman P, Coffee P, Rees T. The PASS-Q: the perceived available support in sport questionnaire. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2011 Feb;33(1):54-74. doi: 10.1123/jsep.33.1.54.
- Lewis ZH, Lyons EJ, Jarvis JM, Baillargeon J. Using an electronic activity monitor system as an intervention modality: A systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2015 Jun 24;15:585. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1947-3.
- Undheim MB, Cosgrave C, King E, Strike S, Marshall B, Falvey E, Franklyn-Miller A. Isokinetic muscle strength and readiness to return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: is there an association? A systematic review and a protocol recommendation. Br J Sports Med. 2015 Oct;49(20):1305-10. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-093962. Epub 2015 Jun 23.
- Fischer F, Fink C, Herbst E, Hoser C, Hepperger C, Blank C, Gfoller P. Higher hamstring-to-quadriceps isokinetic strength ratio during the first post-operative months in patients with quadriceps tendon compared to hamstring tendon graft following ACL reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2018 Feb;26(2):418-425. doi: 10.1007/s00167-017-4522-x. Epub 2017 Mar 21.
- Hunt MA, Charlton JM, Esculier JF. Osteoarthritis year in review 2019: mechanics. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2020 Mar;28(3):267-274. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.12.003. Epub 2019 Dec 23.
- Helminen HJ, Hyttinen MM, Lammi MJ, Arokoski JP, Lapvetelainen T, Jurvelin J, Kiviranta I, Tammi MI. Regular joint loading in youth assists in the establishment and strengthening of the collagen network of articular cartilage and contributes to the prevention of osteoarthrosis later in life: a hypothesis. J Bone Miner Metab. 2000;18(5):245-57. doi: 10.1007/pl00010638. No abstract available.
- Roos EM, Arden NK. Strategies for the prevention of knee osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016 Feb;12(2):92-101. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.135. Epub 2015 Oct 6.
- Duncan KJ, Chopp-Hurley JN, Maly MR. A systematic review to evaluate exercise for anterior cruciate ligament injuries: does this approach reduce the incidence of knee osteoarthritis? Open Access Rheumatol. 2016 Jan 8;8:1-16. doi: 10.2147/OARRR.S81673. eCollection 2016.
- Niemeijer A, Lund H, Stafne SN, Ipsen T, Goldschmidt CL, Jorgensen CT, Juhl CB. Adverse events of exercise therapy in randomised controlled trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2020 Sep;54(18):1073-1080. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100461. Epub 2019 Sep 28.
- Helms ER, Cronin J, Storey A, Zourdos MC. Application of the Repetitions in Reserve-Based Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale for Resistance Training. Strength Cond J. 2016 Aug;38(4):42-49. doi: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000218. Epub 2016 Aug 3.
- Feehan LM, Geldman J, Sayre EC, Park C, Ezzat AM, Yoo JY, Hamilton CB, Li LC. Accuracy of Fitbit Devices: Systematic Review and Narrative Syntheses of Quantitative Data. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2018 Aug 9;6(8):e10527. doi: 10.2196/10527.
- van Melick N, van Cingel RE, Brooijmans F, Neeter C, van Tienen T, Hullegie W, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MW. Evidence-based clinical practice update: practice guidelines for anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation based on a systematic review and multidisciplinary consensus. Br J Sports Med. 2016 Dec;50(24):1506-1515. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095898. Epub 2016 Aug 18.
- Truong LK, Mosewich AD, Holt CJ, Le CY, Miciak M, Whittaker JL. Psychological, social and contextual factors across recovery stages following a sport-related knee injury: a scoping review. Br J Sports Med. 2020 Oct;54(19):1149-1156. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101206. Epub 2020 Feb 14.
- Van Der Horst K, Paw MJ, Twisk JW, Van Mechelen W. A brief review on correlates of physical activity and sedentariness in youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007 Aug;39(8):1241-50. doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e318059bf35.
- Talma H, Chinapaw MJ, Bakker B, HiraSing RA, Terwee CB, Altenburg TM. Bioelectrical impedance analysis to estimate body composition in children and adolescents: a systematic review and evidence appraisal of validity, responsiveness, reliability and measurement error. Obes Rev. 2013 Nov;14(11):895-905. doi: 10.1111/obr.12061. Epub 2013 Jul 12.
- Emery C, Tyreman H. Sport participation, sport injury, risk factors and sport safety practices in Calgary and area junior high schools. Paediatr Child Health. 2009 Sep;14(7):439-44. doi: 10.1093/pch/14.7.439.
- Bandura A. Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychol Rev. 1977 Mar;84(2):191-215. doi: 10.1037//0033-295x.84.2.191. No abstract available.
- Zimet GD, Powell SS, Farley GK, Werkman S, Berkoff KA. Psychometric characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. J Pers Assess. 1990 Winter;55(3-4):610-7. doi: 10.1080/00223891.1990.9674095.
- Bandura A. Human agency in social cognitive theory. Am Psychol. 1989 Sep;44(9):1175-84. doi: 10.1037/0003-066x.44.9.1175.
- Bannuru RR, Osani MC, Vaysbrot EE, Arden NK, Bennell K, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA, Kraus VB, Lohmander LS, Abbott JH, Bhandari M, Blanco FJ, Espinosa R, Haugen IK, Lin J, Mandl LA, Moilanen E, Nakamura N, Snyder-Mackler L, Trojian T, Underwood M, McAlindon TE. OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip, and polyarticular osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2019 Nov;27(11):1578-1589. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.06.011. Epub 2019 Jul 3.
- Collins NJ, Prinsen CA, Christensen R, Bartels EM, Terwee CB, Roos EM. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS): systematic review and meta-analysis of measurement properties. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2016 Aug;24(8):1317-29. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.03.010. Epub 2016 Mar 21.
- Schoenfeld D. Statistical considerations for pilot studies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1980 Mar;6(3):371-4. doi: 10.1016/0360-3016(80)90153-4. No abstract available.
- Silverwood V, Blagojevic-Bucknall M, Jinks C, Jordan JL, Protheroe J, Jordan KP. Current evidence on risk factors for knee osteoarthritis in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2015 Apr;23(4):507-15. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.11.019. Epub 2014 Nov 29.
- March LM, Bachmeier CJ. Economics of osteoarthritis: a global perspective. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol. 1997 Nov;11(4):817-34. doi: 10.1016/s0950-3579(97)80011-8.
- Legare F, Stacey D, Turcotte S, Cossi MJ, Kryworuchko J, Graham ID, Lyddiatt A, Politi MC, Thomson R, Elwyn G, Donner-Banzhoff N. Interventions for improving the adoption of shared decision making by healthcare professionals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Sep 15;(9):CD006732. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006732.pub3.
- Coyne IT. Sampling in qualitative research. Purposeful and theoretical sampling; merging or clear boundaries? J Adv Nurs. 1997 Sep;26(3):623-30. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.t01-25-00999.x.
- Canty-Mitchell J, Zimet GD. Psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support in urban adolescents. Am J Community Psychol. 2000 Jun;28(3):391-400. doi: 10.1023/A:1005109522457.
- Oiestad BE, Juhl CB, Eitzen I, Thorlund JB. Knee extensor muscle weakness is a risk factor for development of knee osteoarthritis. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2015 Feb;23(2):171-7. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.10.008. Epub 2014 Nov 1.
- Fransen M, McConnell S, Harmer AR, Van der Esch M, Simic M, Bennell KL. Exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee: a Cochrane systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2015 Dec;49(24):1554-7. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095424. Epub 2015 Sep 24.
- Juhl C, Christensen R, Roos EM, Zhang W, Lund H. Impact of exercise type and dose on pain and disability in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014 Mar;66(3):622-36. doi: 10.1002/art.38290.
- Chan AW, Tetzlaff JM, Gotzsche PC, Altman DG, Mann H, Berlin JA, Dickersin K, Hrobjartsson A, Schulz KF, Parulekar WR, Krleza-Jeric K, Laupacis A, Moher D. SPIRIT 2013 explanation and elaboration: guidance for protocols of clinical trials. BMJ. 2013 Jan 8;346:e7586. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e7586.
- Chatman AB, Hyams SP, Neel JM, Binkley JM, Stratford PW, Schomberg A, Stabler M. The Patient-Specific Functional Scale: measurement properties in patients with knee dysfunction. Phys Ther. 1997 Aug;77(8):820-9. doi: 10.1093/ptj/77.8.820.
- Reid A, Birmingham TB, Stratford PW, Alcock GK, Giffin JR. Hop testing provides a reliable and valid outcome measure during rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Phys Ther. 2007 Mar;87(3):337-49. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20060143. Epub 2007 Feb 20.
- Jackie Whittaker 2021. "The SOAR (Stop OsteoARthritis) Program Proof-of-Concept Study". ClinicalTrials.gov. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04956393.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who is eligible to participate in this experimental trial?
"This clinical study is seeking 70 participants aged 16-35 who have recently experienced knee injuries. In order to be eligible, candidates must live in British Columbia, Canada and meet the following prerequisites: possess a registered physiotherapist; access to an email address and computer with internet connection on a daily basis; willingness to wear activity tracker during trial period; medical consultation for injury plus disrupted regular sports participation (missed at least one training session or competition) 12-36 months ago; no ongoing health care related to past knee trauma nor planned surgical procedures which could interfere with exercise while enrolled." - Anonymous Online Contributor
Are new participants accepted into this experiment?
"Affirmative. Clinicaltrials.gov data demonstrates that this clinical trial, which went online on September 1st 2021, is actively searching for participants. Approximately 70 individuals must be enrolled from a single medical centre." - Anonymous Online Contributor
Is eligibility for participation in this clinical trial restricted to persons of a certain age?
"Individuals between the ages of 16 and 35 are welcome to enroll in this research study." - Anonymous Online Contributor
What is the total sample size of this medical study?
"Affirmative. According to clinicaltrials.gov, this research project was first posted on September 1st 2021 and is still looking for participants with the most recent update being made on September 30th 2021. The trial requires 70 volunteers from a single medical facility." - Anonymous Online Contributor