Standardized Test Questions First Group for Stress (MACEStress Trial)

Childhood adversity in the form of maltreatment and household dysfunction is the most important risk factor for psychopathology as well as a major risk factor for a host of medical disorders. It has been estimated that adverse childhood experiences account for 45%, 50%, 64% and 67% of the population attributable risk for childhood onset psychiatric disorders, alcoholism, depression, substance abuse and suicide attempts. There is also increasing evidence that maltreated and non-maltreated individuals with the same primary psychiatric diagnosis are clinically and neurobiologically distinct and respond differently to treatment. The investigators and others have proposed that assessment of exposure to maltreatment is imperative for prevention, targeted treatment and research. A potential barrier to the widespread collection of data regarding early life stress and childhood maltreatment is the concern that asking such probing questions, particularly on an online questionnaire, may provoke untoward reactions and create clinical problems. Therefore, the investigators have designed this observational study to test our hypothesis that answering questions about type and timing of childhood maltreatment are no more stressful than answering standardized mathematical and verbal questions, of the type asked on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). The study will include representative national samples (by age, sex, and ethnicity) from the United States (total N=500, Ages 18-65) and will be conducted online via Prolific™, which maintains a pool of research participants. Participants will be assigned randomly to one of two test sequences. In sequence 1, the Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure (MACE) scale will be presented toward the beginning of the session and the Math/Verbal Test toward the end. In sequence 2, the order will be reversed. The impact of completing the MACE and standardized IQ questions will be assessed before and after each module, using the abbreviated form of the Profile of Mood States (POMS).