Estradiol Hemihydrate Transdermal System for Anorexia Nervosa

"Anorexia nervosa is a condition that is characterized by a decreased food consumption in which the patient loses a sense of fat or weight, or both. The decreased food intake can be continuous or intermittent. In the first case, the food intake is reduced in relation to the patient's energy requirements resulting in wasting (a symptom), which can lead to a reduced body weight. In the second case, intermittent food intake is usually associated with rebound weight that can occur when there is an interruption in eating. It may also occur in conjunction with bulimia nervosa that is characterized by binge eating and laxatives use. Both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are linked to depression." - Anonymous Online Contributor

"Common treatments for anorexia nervosa include psychiatric medications and supportive treatments, most often from an inpatient setting. Most therapies for anorexia nervosa involve various forms of psychotherapy, with an emphasis on psychoeducation, changing attitudes toward anorexia nervosa and promoting interpersonal and social integration. Other common treatment approaches include the antidepressant fluoxetine, tricyclic antidepressants, and antipsychotic medications. Other less commonly used treatments include antipyretics and antiparasitics, as well as psychosocial and cognitive behavioral therapy." - Anonymous Online Contributor

"A negative weight-threshold for AN is not a sign of AN. Rather, these patients are often undernourished, exhibit binge eating and exhibit restrictive behaviours. Most patients experience multiple severe health problems before the onset of AN. Although the precise causes are not known, the increased mortality and morbidity rate seen in patients with AN is very challenging. This article is highlighted for its focus on the physical signs and symptoms of AN." - Anonymous Online Contributor

"With good treatment, many people with anorexia can recover from the illness and lead a normal life. However, more than one-third of individuals with anorexia do not recover from the disorder. Many people with anorexia do not seek treatment as a result of concern about how their behaviour may impact their relationships with family and friends. Those people who have untreated anorexia do not experience symptomatic improvements." - Anonymous Online Contributor

"One patient out of every 5,000 women is diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. About 19,000 people develop anorexia nervosa each year. The average recovery duration for anorexia nervosa is 1.7 years, with an average of 2.1 years since diagnosis." - Anonymous Online Contributor

"Our information showed that childhood sexual abuse (both non-consensual and consensual), a female-bodied objectification, a lack of parental interest in the child and body and eating disorders may be part of anorexia's etiology." - Anonymous Online Contributor

"E2(H) is an effective dosage form for TES for a relatively long duration. These transdermal systems could be used in patients with moderate-to-severe symptoms of TES." - Anonymous Online Contributor

"The common side effects of E(2) HX transdermal system were nausea, headache/migraine, dizziness, edema of the mouth/throat and chest, breast tenderness, abdominal pain, vomiting and pruritus. These side effects and their severity are comparable with those reported in the peer-reviewed medical literature." - Anonymous Online Contributor

"The number presenting for care during the course of study was low, limiting the power of this analysis. In a recent study, findings indicate that the average age of first referral for AN in this outpatient sample is about 21 years. There has been increased detection of AN, which may be due to a growing public awareness, increased healthcare spending on these patients and increased interest in eating disorders in the media. Thus an awareness and understanding of AN will hopefully reduce the number of people seeking help." - Anonymous Online Contributor

"The most recent results of recent research of anorexia nervosa involve cognitive and emotional processing of body stimuli. Research on this area of cognition is being investigated to create more effective interventions. The study of emotion and body processing in anorexia nervosa has implications for a better understanding of other psychiatric diseases. Research studies that focus on the etiology and pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa have shown a link between this psychiatric disorder and substance use by the patients. Another recent line of research is aimed to clarify the causes of anorexia nervosa that result from a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors." - Anonymous Online Contributor

"The most frequent side effects were pain and irritation. The safety of EHDS appeared to be acceptable with regard to overall tolerability and tolerability to the treatment. When EHDS was used in combination with most or all other treatments, no serious or irreversible side effects occurred." - Anonymous Online Contributor

"The mortality rate among patients admitted to the NIMH for treatment is 0.5%; 1% die from the disease during the year before discharge. This is less than one-fourth the mortality rate reported in anorexia nervosa. Thus, we conclude that morbidity and mortality are not the inevitable consequence of malnutrition in these disease states, and we challenge that view. Anorexia nervosa is a disease with a high potential for spontaneous remission; we would advocate clinical trials of any promising therapeutic interventions, considering the significant morbidity and mortality that would likely result from their failure to initiate treatment. This emphasizes the critical necessity in the disease's management: A.N. is a disease that is both chronic and severe requiring lifelong care." - Anonymous Online Contributor