Since it has been announced that the coronavirus could be transmitted via aerosols in aerosolized droplets, there is concern for the risk of respiratory infection with coronaviruses during a global epidemic. This concern was evaluated through an internet survey of adults from the United States. The survey participants answered questions on how many total cases of COVID-19 were reported with a positive test from the CDC, with the respondents' demographic parameters. Results showed a low annual incidence of 1.8 cases per 100,000 population, which indicates that the current outbreak, even in the United States, is of a low impact.
The current global coronavirus outbreak in 2020 is a new and unforeseen viral infection. The virus is spreading quickly to many countries and even some remote regions of the world; it is believed to be the causal agent for multiple diseases, including pneumonia and severe acute respiratory syndrome. It is also thought to be a new and underestimated public health risk in the United States, especially the elderly, pregnant and HIV-positive individuals. The disease is spreading, mostly because of international travel and trade. For a more detailed analysis, see coronavirus_2019. \n\nThe U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has released a preliminary list of 37 names of health locations that have confirmed cases of COVID-19.
Fever and malaise were the most common symptoms. The respiratory signs are not specific and thus should not be considered to be primary symptoms of the infection. It can be a non-specific sign and may be due to the underlying medical conditions or a co-infection.
Most commonly recommended treatments of those who tested positive for coronavirus were symptomatic treatments. However, there was variability between countries across the different types of symptoms. A randomized trial of different types of treatment is urgently needed.
There is evidence supporting that for people not on antiviral therapies with mild disease and no underlying health problems, the risk of clinical deterioration appears low in the first few weeks of symptom onset. For those with severe disease or those who are otherwise frail the risk of severe illness can be significantly increased. For people not on antiviral treatments with severe disease or who are otherwise vulnerable it remains unclear if anyone with coronavirus disease in this setting will recover from their infection. The clinical evidence is limited in the literature and further research with more participants would be beneficial as well as more rigorous testing.
The number of cases that are currently being diagnosed or treated in the health-care sector is increasing. There is no evidence that the virus is spreading among those that have not come into contact with another infected person. While there are a number of possible ways that an outbreak could start, the main mechanism is likely to be by contagion from someone with the virus.
Even though it may not be an effective therapy for SARS, our data suggest that mrna-1273 may be of some value for the treatment of SARS.
The data, presented here, provides evidence that mrna-1273 has antimicrobial activity that could be of clinical relevance. For instance, mrna-1273 could help treat infections that are already difficult to treat (e.g. MRSA). However, further study is required before mrna-1273 may be developed a commercial product.
In a recent study, findings suggests mrna-1273 can be used in combination with current standard of care treatments, including [immunotherapy](https://www.withpower.com/clinical-trials/immunotherapy) and chemotherapy, in selected patients. Further randomized clinical trials are warranted to further validate these observations in patients with mrna-1273 positive NSCLC.
Results from a recent paper suggest that there is a familial pattern of disease transmission in SARS in which genetic variants may influence disease risk.
A-to-I editing in mRNAs, is a cellular response to infection. RNase HII-dependent mRNA editing is an antiviral response to dengue virus (DENV) infection. We demonstrate that dengue virus, which causes outbreaks in Southern Italy, induced mRNA editing in HepG2 cells. The mRNA editing process of DENV is different from the type I interferon (IFN)-induced mRNA editing.
Since (1) the majority of cases of acute illness seen in New York hospitals are of low severity, and (2) the majority of people, including those most likely to be critically ill in intensive care units, will recover, people who might be at risk should be encouraged to resume everyday activities as soon as possible, including going back to work.