Tolbutamide

The purpose of this clinical trial is to find out whether one type of fish oil works better than another at improving metabolic health in people who are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Some metabolic problems-such as difficulty controlling blood sugar, unhealthy particles that transport cholesterol in the blood, and poor fat tissue function-can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. This study aims to determine whether different types of fish oil can: 1. Improve how well the body produces insulin and responds to it, 2. Improve the quality of the particles that carry "bad" cholesterol in the blood, and 3) Improve the health and function of participants' fat tissue. To answer these questions, researchers will compare the effects of two types of fish oil: EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). These will be compared with corn oil, which is used as a placebo and does not contain EPA or DHA. When included in this study, participants will: A) Take softgel capsules containing EPA, DHA, or placebo (corn oil) every day for 12 weeks, B) Keep a daily log to record when they take their study softgels, and C) Visit the research unit six times, including one and a half days before and after the intervention, to complete specialized metabolic tests that are mostly only available in research settings.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a widespread health condition characterized by impaired ability of the body to maintain glucose homeostasis. This impairment often leads to secondary complications, including heart disease, high blood pressure, and poor quality of life. While exercise and healthy eating are effective strategies in managing and preventing T2DM, data shows that long-term adherence to these methods are poor - especially among elderly, individuals with obesity and/or with physical limitations. This clinical study explores cold exposure with shivering as a novel strategy to improve blood sugar control and heart health. In earlier research, spending time in mildly cold environments (around 15-17°C) for a few hours a day improved insulin sensitivity of T2DM patients. Interestingly, these benefits only occurred when the cold caused mild shivering. In a recent 10-day cold acclimation study with overt shivering for minimally 1 hour/day, we observed improved glucose tolerance in participants with overweight/obesity, as well as improved fasting lipid profiles. These results indicate that when accompanied with sufficient level of muscle activation, repeated exposure to cold can beneficially affect both glucose and lipid levels - both of which are impaired in people with T2DM. In this study, we hypothesise that a 10-day cold acclimation with shivering will improve the (peripheral) insulin sensitivity of patients with T2DM, accompanied by enhanced skeletal muscle FA uptake and oxidation as assessed via the 11C palmitate uptake.

The study is to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic profile of HMS1005 in patient with diabetes

This clinical study is testing how the study medicine CagriSema helps people living with obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D), lose weight. The purpose of the study is to find out how safe and effective CagriSema is for body weight loss in these participants. Participants will receive either CagriSema or semaglutide, and which treatment participants receive is decided by chance. CagriSema is a new study medicine being tested, while semaglutide is a medicine that doctors can already prescribe. The study will last for about 83 weeks

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of active video gaming participation in otherwise sedentary patients with obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study will assess improvement in weight and Hemoglobin A1c, as well as other complications related to obesity that is monitored in clinic.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if starting four kidney disease medicines quickly and together (a rapid treatment approach) is safe and works well in people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Is it safe to start these medicines over a short period of time? * How often do kidney function changes or high potassium levels occur? * Does this approach lower protein in the urine (a sign of kidney damage)? * How many participants are able to stay on all four medicines over 6 months? Researchers will compare this approach to usual care, where medicines are started one at a time over several months. Participants will: Be assigned by chance to either this approach or usual care Start up to four approved kidney medicines over about 8 weeks (rapid treatment approach) or follow standard care Have regular clinic visits and lab tests to check kidney function and potassium levels Be followed for about 6 months

Blood sugar levels are controlled by insulin, a hormone made by cells in the pancreas. After a meal, carbohydrates are broken down into glucose which is absorbed from the intestine into the blood leading to a rise in glucose (blood sugar) which triggers the secretion of insulin. Insulin binds to cells in several tissues including liver, muscle, and fat, triggering cells to take up glucose and bring the blood glucose level back to normal. A high blood sugar level is known as diabetes. The most common form of diabetes, type 2 diabetes, is caused by insulin resistance; that is, a reduced ability of insulin to stimulate glucose uptake into cells. The body compensates for insulin resistance by making more insulin; type 2 diabetes occurs when the pancreas can no longer make enough insulin to control blood glucose. The high blood glucose and insulin levels lead to long-term complications such as heart attacks, kidney failure, reduced sensation and poor circulation in the feet and legs. High insulin levels also increase the incidence of cancers, stroke, and dementia. Reducing blood glucose levels with oral medications and insulin reduces risk of diabetic complications. There are several types of oral medications available for treating diabetes; however, they do not always control blood glucose adequately. In addition, these drugs have complications and are not used to treat insulin resistance and prediabetes - a condition when blood glucose is higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as diabetes. Prediabetes often progresses to diabetes over a period of months or years. Effective and safe treatments for insulin resistance may prevent the onset of diabetes or even reverse diabetes if diagnosed in its early stages before substantial damage to the pancreas has occurred. HP-211 is a botanical extract whose active ingredients are derived from herbs and vegetables present in normal diets. HP-211 has been shown in laboratory studies in cell culture, in animal studies, and in a previous Phase 1 study to enhance the ability of insulin to stimulate glucose uptake into cells. Thus, HP-211 may reduce the blood glucose and circulating insulin levels of subjects with type 2 diabetes after a meal. HP-211 may also reduce glucose and insulin responses to a greater extent in insulin-resistant as compared to insulin-sensitive subjects. Subjects will take 0, 1, 2 or 3 tablets of HP-211 in the morning and evening for 90 days. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, or "A1c"), a measure of the average amount of glucose present in the blood, will be measured during the trial period.

This study is a Phase 2 clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of HM15275 in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus over 36 weeks.

This is a phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of icovamenib in participants with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) not achieving glycemic targets despite Ozempic-based therapy.

This is a Phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of icovamenib in participants with Type 2 Diabetes who are not achieving glycemic targets despite antihyperglycemic medications.

Type 2 diabetes and low levels of physical activity are associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline in older adults. Improving blood sugar control and engaging in regular exercise may help support brain health and physical function in this population. The MOTIVATE study is a randomized clinical trial designed to examine the effects of supervised exercise and diabetes treatment with semaglutide, alone or in combination, on cognitive function, physical health, and brain-related outcomes in older adults with Type 2 diabetes. Participants will be assigned to one of four study groups involving exercise training, control exercise, semaglutide treatment, or standard diabetes care. Participants will complete supervised exercise sessions three times per week for 32 weeks, with some participants also receiving weekly semaglutide injections for 16 weeks. Assessments will include cognitive testing, physical and functional measures, blood-based metabolic markers, and brain imaging. This study aims to improve understanding of how exercise and diabetes treatments may support brain health in older adults with Type 2 diabetes.

In this randomized controlled trial, 30 older adults (aged\> 65 years; 15 with T2D, 15 controls) will participate in a 12-week progressive exercise training program. They will undergo pre- and post-testing that includes body composition measures; oral glucose tolerance testing; cardiovascular fitness and muscle performance testing; dietary protein efficiency assessed using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method; and a gut microbiota trial. The dietary protein efficiency trial will include repeated ingestion of crystallized amino acids (drink) containing stable isotopes, urine samples, and breath samples. The gut microbiome trial will consist of a single ingestion of a Mediterranean-based modeled meal enriched with 13C-phenylalanine (in the drink) and repeated blood draws. Participants will also be asked to give a fecal sample after the gut microbiome trial.