Parcopa

Manganese Poisoning, Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, Parkinson's Disease + 3 more

Treatment

8 FDA approvals

20 Active Studies for Parcopa

What is Parcopa

Carbidopa

The Generic name of this drug

Treatment Summary

Carbidopa is a medication used to treat nausea in patients who do not respond to the combination therapy of levodopa and carbidopa. It works by blocking an enzyme called aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (DDC). Carbidopa does not cross the blood-brain barrier, so it must be taken with levodopa in order to be effective. Products containing solely carbidopa were first developed by Amerigens Pharmaceuticals Ltd and approved by the FDA in 2014. The combination treatment of carbidopa/levodopa was originally developed by Watson Labs but was approved by the FDA in 1992.

Sinemet

is the brand name

image of different drug pills on a surface

Parcopa Overview & Background

Brand Name

Generic Name

First FDA Approval

How many FDA approvals?

Sinemet

Carbidopa

1975

299

Approved as Treatment by the FDA

Carbidopa, also called Sinemet, is approved by the FDA for 8 uses which include carbon monoxide intoxication and Parkinsonism post encephalitic .

carbon monoxide intoxication

Used to treat carbon monoxide intoxication in combination with Levodopa

Parkinsonism post encephalitic

Used to treat Parkinsonism post encephalitic in combination with Levodopa

levodopa-driven nausea and vomiting

Parkinson's Disease (PD)

Used to treat Parkinson's Disease (PD) in combination with Levodopa

Manganese Poisoning

Used to treat manganese intoxication in combination with Levodopa

Parkinson's Disease

Used to treat Parkinson's Disease (PD) in combination with Levodopa

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Used to treat carbon monoxide intoxication in combination with Levodopa

Parkinson Disease

Used to treat Symptomatic Parkinson Disease in combination with Levodopa

Effectiveness

How Parcopa Affects Patients

Carbidopa is a drug that is often taken with levodopa to treat Parkinson's disease. When taken together, carbidopa helps levodopa enter the brain more easily and increases its effectiveness. Carbidopa also helps levodopa stay in the body longer and reduces the amount of levodopa that is converted to dopamine before it reaches the brain. Taking carbidopa with levodopa has been linked to fewer side effects, such as nausea, and a decrease in the amount of levodopa needed to treat Parkinson's Disease. The effect of carbidopa is not affected by the dose.

How Parcopa works in the body

Carbidopa blocks an enzyme called DDC from breaking down levodopa. DDC is found in the bloodstream and in the brain, but Carbidopa cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. By blocking the enzyme in the bloodstream, Carbidopa prevents levodopa from being broken down before it can reach the brain, where it can be used to make dopamine.

When to interrupt dosage

The measure of Parcopa is contingent upon the diagnosed condition, including Symptomatic Parkinson Disease, carbon monoxide intoxication and Parkinson's Disease. The amount of dosage fluctuates as per the method of delivery featured in the table beneath.

Condition

Dosage

Administration

Manganese Poisoning

10.0 mg, 25.0 mg, , 50.0 mg, 31.25 mg, 37.5 mg, 12.5 mg, 18.75 mg, 23.75 mg, 48.75 mg, 61.25 mg, 36.25 mg, 4.63 mg/mL, 43.75 mg, 5.0 mg/mL

Tablet - Oral, Tablet, , Tablet, extended release - Oral, Oral, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, orally disintegrating, Tablet, orally disintegrating - Oral, Gel - Enteral, Gel, Enteral, Capsule, extended release, Capsule, extended release - Oral, Suspension - Enteral, Suspension

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

10.0 mg, 25.0 mg, , 50.0 mg, 31.25 mg, 37.5 mg, 12.5 mg, 18.75 mg, 23.75 mg, 48.75 mg, 61.25 mg, 36.25 mg, 4.63 mg/mL, 43.75 mg, 5.0 mg/mL

Tablet - Oral, Tablet, , Tablet, extended release - Oral, Oral, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, orally disintegrating, Tablet, orally disintegrating - Oral, Gel - Enteral, Gel, Enteral, Capsule, extended release, Capsule, extended release - Oral, Suspension - Enteral, Suspension

Parkinson's Disease

10.0 mg, 25.0 mg, , 50.0 mg, 31.25 mg, 37.5 mg, 12.5 mg, 18.75 mg, 23.75 mg, 48.75 mg, 61.25 mg, 36.25 mg, 4.63 mg/mL, 43.75 mg, 5.0 mg/mL

Tablet - Oral, Tablet, , Tablet, extended release - Oral, Oral, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, orally disintegrating, Tablet, orally disintegrating - Oral, Gel - Enteral, Gel, Enteral, Capsule, extended release, Capsule, extended release - Oral, Suspension - Enteral, Suspension

Parkinson Disease

10.0 mg, 25.0 mg, , 50.0 mg, 31.25 mg, 37.5 mg, 12.5 mg, 18.75 mg, 23.75 mg, 48.75 mg, 61.25 mg, 36.25 mg, 4.63 mg/mL, 43.75 mg, 5.0 mg/mL

Tablet - Oral, Tablet, , Tablet, extended release - Oral, Oral, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, orally disintegrating, Tablet, orally disintegrating - Oral, Gel - Enteral, Gel, Enteral, Capsule, extended release, Capsule, extended release - Oral, Suspension - Enteral, Suspension

levodopa-driven nausea and vomiting

10.0 mg, 25.0 mg, , 50.0 mg, 31.25 mg, 37.5 mg, 12.5 mg, 18.75 mg, 23.75 mg, 48.75 mg, 61.25 mg, 36.25 mg, 4.63 mg/mL, 43.75 mg, 5.0 mg/mL

Tablet - Oral, Tablet, , Tablet, extended release - Oral, Oral, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, orally disintegrating, Tablet, orally disintegrating - Oral, Gel - Enteral, Gel, Enteral, Capsule, extended release, Capsule, extended release - Oral, Suspension - Enteral, Suspension

Parkinsonism post encephalitic

10.0 mg, 25.0 mg, , 50.0 mg, 31.25 mg, 37.5 mg, 12.5 mg, 18.75 mg, 23.75 mg, 48.75 mg, 61.25 mg, 36.25 mg, 4.63 mg/mL, 43.75 mg, 5.0 mg/mL

Tablet - Oral, Tablet, , Tablet, extended release - Oral, Oral, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, orally disintegrating, Tablet, orally disintegrating - Oral, Gel - Enteral, Gel, Enteral, Capsule, extended release, Capsule, extended release - Oral, Suspension - Enteral, Suspension

Warnings

Parcopa has two contraindications and should not be administered for the ailments enumerated in the following table.

Parcopa Contraindications

Condition

Risk Level

Notes

Pulse Frequency

Do Not Combine

Severe Hypersensitivity Reactions

Do Not Combine

Carbidopa may interact with Pulse Frequency

There are 20 known major drug interactions with Parcopa.

Common Parcopa Drug Interactions

Drug Name

Risk Level

Description

Abacavir

Minor

Carbidopa may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level.

Acetaminophen

Minor

Carbidopa may decrease the excretion rate of Acetaminophen which could result in a higher serum level.

Aclidinium

Minor

Carbidopa may decrease the excretion rate of Aclidinium which could result in a higher serum level.

Acrivastine

Minor

Carbidopa may decrease the excretion rate of Acrivastine which could result in a higher serum level.

Albutrepenonacog alfa

Minor

Carbidopa may decrease the excretion rate of Albutrepenonacog alfa which could result in a higher serum level.

Parcopa Toxicity & Overdose Risk

The toxic dose of carbidopa in rats has been found to be 4810mg/kg. Animal studies have not shown any negative effects on fertility or development. In case of an overdose, it is recommended to immediately perform gastric lavage and give intravenous fluids. Additionally, continuous monitoring of the heart rate is advised.

image of a doctor in a lab doing drug, clinical research

Parcopa Novel Uses: Which Conditions Have a Clinical Trial Featuring Parcopa?

Currently, 49 active studies are investigating the potential of Parcopa as a treatment for post-encephalitic Parkinsonism, levodopa-induced nausea and vomiting, and manganese intoxication.

Condition

Clinical Trials

Trial Phases

Parkinson's Disease

39 Actively Recruiting

Not Applicable, Phase 1, Phase 4, Phase 2, Phase 3, Early Phase 1

Parkinsonism post encephalitic

0 Actively Recruiting

Parkinson Disease

0 Actively Recruiting

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

0 Actively Recruiting

Manganese Poisoning

0 Actively Recruiting

levodopa-driven nausea and vomiting

0 Actively Recruiting

Parcopa Reviews: What are patients saying about Parcopa?

5

Patient Review

5/6/2014

Parcopa for Parkinson's Disease

I'm having a lot of trouble finding this particular medicine, and the generic doesn't work as well. My quality of life has really suffered because of it.

4.7

Patient Review

7/4/2009

Parcopa for Parkinson's Disease

I was getting this drug through UCB in Georgia, but they sold it. I did well on the medication and would like to know where I can get it through a patient assistant program.

4.3

Patient Review

5/3/2009

Parcopa for Parkinson's Disease

I haven't experienced any nausea with this tablet form of the medication, which is great. I really like it so far!

3.7

Patient Review

5/27/2010

Parcopa for Parkinson's Disease

I find this treatment to be helpful.

Patient Q&A Section about parcopa

These questions and answers are submitted by anonymous patients, and have not been verified by our internal team.

What is Parcopa used for?

"This formulation is a treatment for the signs of Parkinson's sickness or similar indications (for example, unsteadiness, solidness, trouble moving). It is believed that Parkinson's malady is activated by too little of a normally happening substance (dopamine) in the cerebrum."

Answered by AI

Is Parcopa the same as Sinemet?

"Carbidopa and levodopa are also used to treat Parkinson's symptoms caused by carbon monoxide poisoning or manganese intoxication. Parcopa is an extended-release version of carbidopa and levodopa."

Answered by AI

How long does it take for Parcopa to work?

"Vitamins containing iron may interfere with the medication's effectiveness. The active ingredients in Sinemet and Parcopa tablets begin to take effect 30 minutes after ingestion."

Answered by AI

Clinical Trials for Parcopa

Image of Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston, United States.

At-home taVNS for Parkinson's Disease

40 - 85
All Sexes
Charleston, SC

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if taVNS works to treat symptoms of Parkinson's Disease in adults. It will also learn about the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of taVNS administered at home by the participant. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Is at-home taVNS feasible and effective for treating symptoms of Parkinson's Disease? How often are participants completing the stimulation protocol? What are the side effects of stimulation experienced by participants? How do participants rate the experience of taVNS sessions at home? How do participants' scores on assessments and questionnaires change with taVNS treatments? 2. How does taVNS impact connections between neural networks in the brain of patients with Parkinson's Disease at rest? Participants will: * Have a baseline MRI scan to take images of their brain. * Complete a series of assessments and questionnaires to evaluate their Parkinson's Disease motor symptoms, cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms, and other non-motor symptoms. * Have an initial taVNS session where their threshold to perceive the stimulation will be measured. This value will be used to stimulate each participant at a specific dose relative to their individual perception of stimulation. * Be trained on how to use the taVNS device and system and have one 1-hour taVNS session where their vitals will be monitored. * Self-administer 1-hour daily taVNS sessions for 8 weeks at-home, complete tolerability questionnaires, and weekly remote check-ins with study staff. * After 4-weeks of at-home taVNS, participants will come in-person to repeat the questionnaires and assessments from the first visit. * Following the 8 weeks of taVNS sessions, participants will repeat the MRI scan, assessments and questionnaires from visit 1. * Participants will complete questionnaires remotely 1 month following their last taVNS sessions.

Waitlist Available
Has No Placebo

Medical University of South Carolina

Image of University of California San Francisco in San Francisco, United States.

Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease

18+
All Sexes
San Francisco, CA

The purpose of this study is to test a new way to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). Subjects will be implanted with deep brain stimulator (DBS) devices and electrodes placed under the scalp. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Is there a less invasive method to collect useful brain signals? Find out if these brain signals can be related to movement and/or sleep symptoms. * How to use these brain signals to tailor adaptive deep brain stimulation settings for movement and/or sleep symptoms Researchers will compare study derived adaptive DBS settings to subject's clinically programmed continuous DBS settings to see which is better at treating patients PD symptoms.

Recruiting
Has No Placebo

University of California San Francisco

Simon Little

Image of Invicro (dba Perceptive) in New Haven, United States.

[18F]MK-0947 for Parkinson's Disease

18 - 80
All Sexes
New Haven, CT

This clinical study is being conducted to learn more about a new imaging drug called \[18F\]MK-0947, which is designed to help doctors see changes in the brain related to Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is a condition that affects movement, balance, and thinking. The drug works with a type of scan called PET (Positron Emission Tomography) to show areas of the brain where a protein called α-synuclein builds up. This buildup is linked to PD and other brain disorders. The main goal of this study is to find out if \[18F\]MK-0947 is safe for people and if it works well to show α-synuclein in the brain. The study will also look at how the drug moves through the body and how much radiation it gives off. Researchers hope this information will help develop better tools for diagnosing PD and tracking how it changes over time. Who can join? Adults who have PD or who are healthy may be able to take part. Participants will have screening tests to make sure they qualify. What does participation involve? People in the study will have PET scans, blood tests, and other safety checks. Some participants will also have an MRI scan. The study is divided into two parts: Part 1 looks at how the drug works in the brain of PD patients and healthy elderly participants, and Part 2 measures radiation levels in healthy participants. Why is this important? There is currently no cure for PD, and better imaging tools could help researchers develop new treatments. By joining this study, participants will help advance research that may improve care for people with PD and similar conditions in the future.

Phase < 1
Recruiting

Invicro (dba Perceptive)

Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC

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Image of Centre for Brain and Mind, Western University in London, Canada.

Cognitive Cueing + Video Intervention for Parkinson's Disease

40 - 99
All Sexes
London, Canada

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if cognitive cueing (eg., prompting individuals to think about taking big-long steps while walking), either as a stand- alone intervention or combined with a personalized gait training video, can improve gait (walking), mobility, and balance confidence for individuals with Parkinson's Disease. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Does focusing on cognitive cues while walking improve gait, mobility, and balance confidence for individuals with Parkinson's Disease? 2. Does incorporating a personalized gait training video alongside cognitive cueing lead to amplified improvements in gait, mobility, and balance confidence for individuals with Parkinson's Disease? Researchers will compare how gait, mobility, balance confidence and quality of life change over time for participants when they practice walking with and without a cognitive cue alone, and when they practice with using a personalized gait training video. The researchers are also interested in how participation in this trial will affect quality of life and conscious attention to gait. Participants will * Complete walking trials on an instrumented mat that records data on their walking ability. These trials will be undertaken without a cognitive cue and while participants mentally rehearse a series of 3 cognitive cues (Take big long steps; Walk heel-toe; Stand up straight). * Be informed about which of the 3 cues best improved their walking and will receive a personalized gait training video for at home practice. * Complete online surveys that ask questions about their Parkinson's Disease, mobility, balance confidence quality of life and conscious attention to gait. * Visit the research facility 3 to 4 times during the study to have their gait (walking), mobility, balance confidence, quality of life and conscious attention to gait assessed and reassessed. * Practice both with and without their personalized video at home and keep a diary to record their practice sessions * Participate in a brief interview to discuss their experiences with the training and their perceptions of the effectiveness of cognitive cues and video-recorded feedback

Waitlist Available
Has No Placebo

Centre for Brain and Mind, Western University

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Image of University of Kentucky in Lexington, United States.

Peripheral Nerve Tissue Implantation for Parkinson's Disease

45 - 75
All Sexes
Lexington, KY

The investigators propose a Phase I single surgical-center, double-blinded randomized parallel clinical trial involving bilateral autologous peripheral nerve tissue (PNT) delivery into the NBM or the alternate target also affecting cognition in this population, the substantia nigra (SN), to address "repair cell" support of these areas. Twenty-four participants with idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (PD) who have selected, qualified and agreed to receive as standard of care deep brain stimulation (DBS) will be enrolled and randomly allocated to receive bilateral PNT deployment to either the NBM or SN at the time of DBS surgery. Participants will be allocated equally among both assignments over the course of three years (8 Year 1, 10 Year 2, 6 Year 3). Participants will be evaluated for neurocognitive, motoric function, activities of daily living, and quality of life at enrollment before surgery, two-weeks after surgery, and 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery.

Phase 1
Recruiting

University of Kentucky

Craig G van Horne, MD, PhD

Image of Austin Clinic PPD in Austin, United States.

LY3962681 for Parkinson's Disease

30 - 80
All Sexes
Austin, TX

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and PK/PD of LY3962681 in healthy volunteers and patients with Parkinson's disease. The study will be comprised of two parts, the Single Ascending Dose (SAD) study and the Multiple Ascending Doses (MAD) study. During the SAD portion of the study, healthy volunteers will receive a single dose of LY3962681 or placebo (artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF), no active drug) given into the spinal fluid. During the MAD portion of the study, patients with Parkinson's disease will receive two doses of either LY3962681 or placebo (aCSF) administered into the spinal fluid. * The treatment period in the SAD study will be 1 day. The treatment period in the MAD study will be 2 days, 12 to 24 weeks apart. * The follow-up period in the SAD study will be up to 52 weeks. The follow-up period in the MAD study will be up to 52 weeks post Dose 2.

Phase 1
Recruiting

Austin Clinic PPD

Travis Lewis

Prevail Therapeutics

Image of Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL in Hines, United States.

Non-Invasive Vagal Nerve Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease

50 - 88
All Sexes
Hines, IL

More than 110,000 US Veterans living with Parkinson's disease (PD) currently receive PD-related care and services from the VA. Fall prevention is a priority for Veterans living PD. Gait disturbances are a major cause for functional dependence and the largest risk factor for falls, institutionalization, and death in PD. This SPiRE addresses the need to advance nonpharmacological rehabilitative health care of Veterans and maximizing functional outcomes by developing a non-invasive, neuromodulatory transcutaneous cervical Vagal Nerve Stimulation as an at-home intervention to improve gait and balance. This pilot clinical trial will assist with future efforts and priorities of the VA to prolong independent living and quality of life by minimizing gait and balance dysfunction experienced by Veterans living with PD.

Recruiting
Has No Placebo

Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL

Sandra L. Kletzel, PhD BA

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