Miglitol

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether maple syrup can be used as a natural carbohydrate source to help trained male cyclists perform better during long-duration cycling. The study also aims to learn how different amounts of maple syrup affect energy use in the body, stomach comfort, and feelings of effort and fatigue. The main questions the study aims to answer are: * Does consuming more carbohydrate from maple syrup help participants finish a 20-kilometer cycling time trial faster? * How do different amounts of maple syrup change how the body uses carbohydrates and fats during long exercise? * Are higher amounts of maple syrup easy for participants to tolerate without stomach problems? Researchers will compare four drinks: 1. A placebo drink (a look-alike drink with no calories), 2. A drink that provides 60 grams of carbohydrate per hour, 3. A drink that provides 90 grams per hour, and 4. A drink that provides 120 grams per hour. They will compare these drinks to see whether higher carbohydrate amounts lead to better cycling performance and how each dose affects comfort and metabolism. Participants will: * Attend a screening visit that includes a health check and a glucose tolerance test. * Complete a fitness test to measure their aerobic capacity and practice the cycling tests used in the study. * Take part in four separate exercise sessions in random order. Each session includes: * Drinking one of the four study beverages during 2 hours of steady cycling, * Completing two short, all-out 6-second sprints during the ride, * Completing a 20-kilometer cycling time trial as fast as possible, * Reporting stomach symptoms and perceptions of effort, * Providing breath, blood, urine, and sweat samples so researchers can measure how their body uses fuel. All drinks will look, taste, and smell similar so participants cannot tell which one they are receiving. Meals before each session will be provided to keep conditions the same across visits. This study may help athletes and active people choose natural carbohydrate sources that support both performance and comfort during long endurance exercise. The findings may also guide future research on the use of maple syrup as a sports nutrition option.

In this study, the investigators are testing the effectiveness and implementation of the Community Health Workers (CHW)-delivered PILI Pasifika Program (PPP) Standard Facilitation or Enhanced Facilitation across 3 regions, the U.S. Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI), the continental U.S., and Hawai'i, among 600 Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) participants in two settings, (clinical and non-clinical) over a 3-year period. The PPP is a 3-month lifestyle intervention that includes a Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) component and was NHPI-adapted from the Diabetes Prevention Program's Lifestyle Program, renamed to the PILI Lifestyle Program (PLP), which demonstrated effectiveness in improving weight, blood pressure, physical activity, and diet among NHPIs. The PPP consists of 8 lifestyle lessons and 4 SDOH activities delivered over a 3-month period. The investigators will conduct an effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 2 trial using a 3 (Region) x 2 (Setting) x 2 (Delivery Mode) factorial design. The long-term objective of this study is threefold: 1. To conduct an effectiveness-implementation hybrid 2 trial to test the effects of the PPP implementation strategies across different settings and modes of delivery among 600 NHPIs at risk for cardiometabolic-related conditions using an NHPI-approved and adapted evaluation framework. The investigators will also assess and compare the cost-effectiveness of the CHW-delivered PPP-Standard Facilitation and PPP-Enhanced Facilitation to support long-term sustainability. 2. To conduct a longitudinal Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) survey embedded within the trial to examine the reliability and validity of indices from 5 adapted SDOH instruments and to assess the associations between SDOH variables and chronic disease risk among NHPIs. 3. To implement and evaluate the contextually-based CHW training program on PPP delivery.

This study will determine the effects of consuming whole fruit on blood sugar control, liver fat, and cardiovascular health in adults with type 2 diabetes who are not treated with insulin.

Diabetes becomes epidemic in worldwide countries. Diabetes Canada indicated that 30% of adults in Manitoba are diabetes or prediabetes. Nine out of ten diabetic patients are type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D is characterized by insulin resistance and obesity. Uncontrolled diabetes leads to serious consequences including heart attack, stroke, chronic renal failure, liver failure, blindness and low limb amputation. Most of hypoglycemic medications have certain side effects. Natural foods or nutraceuticals with hypoglycemic potential are expected to provide a safer management for diabetic patients. Saskatoon berry is a popular fruit in Canadian Prairie and Northern states in USA. Previous studies in the investigator's group demonstrated Saskatoon berry (SB) powder attenuated hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, inflammation, liver steatosis and gut dysbiosis in diet-induced insulin resistant mice, a model for T2D. The findings of the glucose and lipid lowering or liver protective effects of SB powder have been supported by another group in Australia in high fat fed rats. Preliminary studies by the investigators in 20 healthy subjects demonstrated that dried whole SB (40 g/day for 10 weeks) significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose, total and LDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and increased plasma glucagon-like peptide compared to baseline, which was associated with increased intake of total fiber and decreased intake of saturated fat. The changes in metabolic and vascular variables significantly correlated with the alterations in gut microbiota The combination of findings suggest that SB is good candidate of prebiotic functional food as a supplemental remedy for reducing the risk for metabolic syndrome and preventing or managing T2D. The effect of Saskatoon berry and its products on metabolic disorders have not been studied in diabetic subjects. The investigators propose to examine the effects of oral administration of freeze-dried whole SB on glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and gut microbiota in untreated prediabetes and new type 2 diabetic patients compared to a control dried fruit in a randomized controlled trial.

This study is testing whether a new medication called CX11 works and is safe for participants with type 2 diabetes who have not reached good blood sugar control while taking a steady dose of metformin, with or without a steady dose of an SGLT2 inhibitor, for at least 90 days. The study is being done at multiple medical centers. Participants are assigned by chance (randomized) to different groups, and neither the participants nor the study staff know which group they're in (double-blind). The groups are compared side by side (parallel), and some participants will receive inactive pills (placebo) to help measure the true effect of the study drug. After screening, participants will be randomly placed into one of six groups, with equal chances of being in any group. Each group will receive a different dose of CX11 or a placebo. Treatment will last 24 weeks. After that, all participants will have a 2-week follow-up period to check on safety.

This is a single-arm pragmatic clinical trial of time-restricted eating in patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients will be recruited from the University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center. Subjects will participate in a 10-hour time-restricted eating intervention for 1-year.

CAPTAIN-T2D will take place in two parts. Part 1 (Screening) will evaluate patients with type 2 diabetes and elevated cortisol risk factors for trial eligibility and the presence of elevated cortisol. Participants deemed eligible from Part 1 will be randomized to either clofutriben or placebo in the double-blind (participant and investigator), dose-ranging, interventional Part 2 (Treatment).

When we exercise, more blood flow goes to our muscles, challenging our blood vessels. Following exercise, blood flow remains elevated and seems to be the reason for many of the positive cardiovascular benefits that occur with exercise. When the actions of histamine, a molecule primarily known for its role in allergies, are blocked, there is an attenuated blood flow response following exercise. However, this effect has never been studied in the blood vessels that supply our lungs. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of histamines on pulmonary hemodynamics following exercise.

The investigators will examine the feasibility, acceptability, and effect of an adaptive dietary intervention over 24 weeks (12-week intervention, 12-week follow-up) among Asian Americans with Type 2 diabetes. Participants (N=120; 60 Chinese Americans and 60 Vietnamese Americans) will be 2:1 randomized to one of two arms: adaptive dietary intervention or standard of care (SC). The intervention will begin with continued glucose monitoring (CGM) use only during weeks 0-4. At week 4, participants who achieve the glycemic control goal (at least an 8% increase in time in range \[TIR\] from baseline) will continue with the CGM alone during weeks 4-12 ("CGM Alone"); otherwise, culturally and linguistically adapted glucose excursion minimization (GEM) will be augmented with CGM ("CGM-GEM").

Time-restricted eating - where no food is consumed over a period of time - has been shown to promote weight loss and improve cardio-metabolic function. In individuals with type 2 diabetes, it is also been shown to improve glucose control. The investigators propose a randomized controlled trial to determine whether time-restricted eating is an effective therapeutic strategy that can preserve pancreatic beta-cell function and improve glycemic control early in participants with type 2 diabetes.

A randomized clinical study to assess the efficacy of a high-protein diabetes specific formula (HPDSF) on lean muscle mass in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes who are initiating treatment with incretin-mimetic drugs.

People with serious mental illness have high risk for type 2 diabetes due to multiple risk factors, including the metabolic side effects of psychotropic medications that are used to treat these conditions. Type 2 diabetes is preventable through lifestyle and pharmacological interventions, but many people with serious mental illness do not receive regular screening for type 2 diabetes risk. In many health care settings, clinical pharmacists are increasingly managing patients with serious mental illness and have expertise in monitoring the metabolic side effects of psychotropic medications. This study evaluates the feasibility and acceptability of using a diabetes prediction model that is based on electronic health record data (the MetSense risk flag) to alert clinical pharmacists about patients who are at high diabetes risk, prompting these clinicians to prioritize diabetes risk management services.