Helidac

Curling Ulcer, Indigestion, Flatulence + 9 more
Treatment
11 FDA approvals
20 Active Studies for Helidac

What is Helidac

Bismuth subsalicylateThe Generic name of this drug
Treatment SummaryTetracycline is an antibiotic used to fight bacterial infections. It works by preventing the bacteria from producing proteins that are essential for their growth. It binds to the ribosomes of the bacteria and blocks the production of certain proteins which stops the bacteria from multiplying. In addition, it can also damage the bacteria’s cell membrane, leading to the leakage of important cell components.
Topcare stomach relief original strengthis the brand name
image of different drug pills on a surface
Helidac Overview & Background
Brand Name
Generic Name
First FDA Approval
How many FDA approvals?
Topcare stomach relief original strength
Bismuth subsalicylate
1989
4

Approved as Treatment by the FDA

Bismuth subsalicylate, also called Topcare stomach relief original strength, is approved by the FDA for 11 uses such as Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Gastroenteritis .
Helicobacter Pylori Infection
Used to treat Helicobacter Pylori Infection in combination with Metronidazole
Gastroenteritis
Gastrointestinal distress
Curling Ulcer
Used to treat Duodenal Ulcer in combination with Metronidazole
Heartburn
Used to treat Heartburn in combination with Calcium carbonate
Upset stomach
belching
Flatulence
Diarrhea
Indigestion
gastrointestinal fullness

Effectiveness

How Helidac Affects PatientsTetracycline is a short-term antibiotic that stops bacteria from growing by blocking the way proteins are made in the body. It attaches to a part of the bacteria's ribosome and prevents the bacteria from making proteins. It can also cause the bacteria's cell wall to break, causing the bacteria's inner contents to leak out.
How Helidac works in the bodyTetracycline works by blocking the assembly of proteins in bacteria. It is carried through the bacterial membrane and binds to the ribosome, stopping transfer RNA from joining with the ribosome-messenger RNA complex and halting protein synthesis.

When to interrupt dosage

The prescribed measure of Helidac is contingent upon the diagnosed condition, such as Bartonellosis, Skin Infections caused by Staphylococcus Aureus and Clostridium difficile Infection (CDI). The quantity of dosage differs as per the delivery approach featured in the table underneath.
Condition
Dosage
Administration
Upset stomach
, 52.5 mg/mL, 26.2 mg/mL, 105.0 mg/mL, 262.0 mg, 17.47 mg/mL, 35.0 mg/mL, 2.62 mg/mg, 525.0 mg, 17.5 mg/mL, 300.0 mg, 1.7 %, 524.0 mg, 52.5 mg, 262.4 mg, 17.66 mg/mL, 17.6 mg/mL, 35.2 mg/mL, 23.6 mg/mL, 0.262 mg/mg
Oral, Suspension, Suspension - Oral, , Liquid, Liquid - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Tablet, chewable, Tablet, chewable - Oral, Powder, Powder - Oral, Kit, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Kit - Oral, Capsule, liquid filled - Oral, Capsule, liquid filled, Capsule, Capsule, gelatin coated, Capsule, gelatin coated - Oral, Capsule - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Cream; Kit; Liquid; Ointment; Tablet; Tablet, chewable; Tablet, film coated - Oral; Topical, Oral; Topical, Cream; Kit; Liquid; Ointment; Tablet; Tablet, chewable; Tablet, film coated
belching
, 52.5 mg/mL, 26.2 mg/mL, 105.0 mg/mL, 262.0 mg, 17.47 mg/mL, 35.0 mg/mL, 2.62 mg/mg, 525.0 mg, 17.5 mg/mL, 300.0 mg, 1.7 %, 524.0 mg, 52.5 mg, 262.4 mg, 17.66 mg/mL, 17.6 mg/mL, 35.2 mg/mL, 23.6 mg/mL, 0.262 mg/mg
Oral, Suspension, Suspension - Oral, , Liquid, Liquid - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Tablet, chewable, Tablet, chewable - Oral, Powder, Powder - Oral, Kit, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Kit - Oral, Capsule, liquid filled - Oral, Capsule, liquid filled, Capsule, Capsule, gelatin coated, Capsule, gelatin coated - Oral, Capsule - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Cream; Kit; Liquid; Ointment; Tablet; Tablet, chewable; Tablet, film coated - Oral; Topical, Oral; Topical, Cream; Kit; Liquid; Ointment; Tablet; Tablet, chewable; Tablet, film coated
Indigestion
, 52.5 mg/mL, 26.2 mg/mL, 105.0 mg/mL, 262.0 mg, 17.47 mg/mL, 35.0 mg/mL, 2.62 mg/mg, 525.0 mg, 17.5 mg/mL, 300.0 mg, 1.7 %, 524.0 mg, 52.5 mg, 262.4 mg, 17.66 mg/mL, 17.6 mg/mL, 35.2 mg/mL, 23.6 mg/mL, 0.262 mg/mg
Oral, Suspension, Suspension - Oral, , Liquid, Liquid - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Tablet, chewable, Tablet, chewable - Oral, Powder, Powder - Oral, Kit, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Kit - Oral, Capsule, liquid filled - Oral, Capsule, liquid filled, Capsule, Capsule, gelatin coated, Capsule, gelatin coated - Oral, Capsule - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Cream; Kit; Liquid; Ointment; Tablet; Tablet, chewable; Tablet, film coated - Oral; Topical, Oral; Topical, Cream; Kit; Liquid; Ointment; Tablet; Tablet, chewable; Tablet, film coated
Diarrhea
, 52.5 mg/mL, 26.2 mg/mL, 105.0 mg/mL, 262.0 mg, 17.47 mg/mL, 35.0 mg/mL, 2.62 mg/mg, 525.0 mg, 17.5 mg/mL, 300.0 mg, 1.7 %, 524.0 mg, 52.5 mg, 262.4 mg, 17.66 mg/mL, 17.6 mg/mL, 35.2 mg/mL, 23.6 mg/mL, 0.262 mg/mg
Oral, Suspension, Suspension - Oral, , Liquid, Liquid - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Tablet, chewable, Tablet, chewable - Oral, Powder, Powder - Oral, Kit, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Kit - Oral, Capsule, liquid filled - Oral, Capsule, liquid filled, Capsule, Capsule, gelatin coated, Capsule, gelatin coated - Oral, Capsule - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Cream; Kit; Liquid; Ointment; Tablet; Tablet, chewable; Tablet, film coated - Oral; Topical, Oral; Topical, Cream; Kit; Liquid; Ointment; Tablet; Tablet, chewable; Tablet, film coated
Gastroenteritis
, 52.5 mg/mL, 26.2 mg/mL, 105.0 mg/mL, 262.0 mg, 17.47 mg/mL, 35.0 mg/mL, 2.62 mg/mg, 525.0 mg, 17.5 mg/mL, 300.0 mg, 1.7 %, 524.0 mg, 52.5 mg, 262.4 mg, 17.66 mg/mL, 17.6 mg/mL, 35.2 mg/mL, 23.6 mg/mL, 0.262 mg/mg
Oral, Suspension, Suspension - Oral, , Liquid, Liquid - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Tablet, chewable, Tablet, chewable - Oral, Powder, Powder - Oral, Kit, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Kit - Oral, Capsule, liquid filled - Oral, Capsule, liquid filled, Capsule, Capsule, gelatin coated, Capsule, gelatin coated - Oral, Capsule - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Cream; Kit; Liquid; Ointment; Tablet; Tablet, chewable; Tablet, film coated - Oral; Topical, Oral; Topical, Cream; Kit; Liquid; Ointment; Tablet; Tablet, chewable; Tablet, film coated
Helicobacter Pylori Infection
, 52.5 mg/mL, 26.2 mg/mL, 105.0 mg/mL, 262.0 mg, 17.47 mg/mL, 35.0 mg/mL, 2.62 mg/mg, 525.0 mg, 17.5 mg/mL, 300.0 mg, 1.7 %, 524.0 mg, 52.5 mg, 262.4 mg, 17.66 mg/mL, 17.6 mg/mL, 35.2 mg/mL, 23.6 mg/mL, 0.262 mg/mg
Oral, Suspension, Suspension - Oral, , Liquid, Liquid - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Tablet, chewable, Tablet, chewable - Oral, Powder, Powder - Oral, Kit, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Kit - Oral, Capsule, liquid filled - Oral, Capsule, liquid filled, Capsule, Capsule, gelatin coated, Capsule, gelatin coated - Oral, Capsule - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Cream; Kit; Liquid; Ointment; Tablet; Tablet, chewable; Tablet, film coated - Oral; Topical, Oral; Topical, Cream; Kit; Liquid; Ointment; Tablet; Tablet, chewable; Tablet, film coated
Curling Ulcer
, 52.5 mg/mL, 26.2 mg/mL, 105.0 mg/mL, 262.0 mg, 17.47 mg/mL, 35.0 mg/mL, 2.62 mg/mg, 525.0 mg, 17.5 mg/mL, 300.0 mg, 1.7 %, 524.0 mg, 52.5 mg, 262.4 mg, 17.66 mg/mL, 17.6 mg/mL, 35.2 mg/mL, 23.6 mg/mL, 0.262 mg/mg
Oral, Suspension, Suspension - Oral, , Liquid, Liquid - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Tablet, chewable, Tablet, chewable - Oral, Powder, Powder - Oral, Kit, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Kit - Oral, Capsule, liquid filled - Oral, Capsule, liquid filled, Capsule, Capsule, gelatin coated, Capsule, gelatin coated - Oral, Capsule - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Cream; Kit; Liquid; Ointment; Tablet; Tablet, chewable; Tablet, film coated - Oral; Topical, Oral; Topical, Cream; Kit; Liquid; Ointment; Tablet; Tablet, chewable; Tablet, film coated
Flatulence
, 52.5 mg/mL, 26.2 mg/mL, 105.0 mg/mL, 262.0 mg, 17.47 mg/mL, 35.0 mg/mL, 2.62 mg/mg, 525.0 mg, 17.5 mg/mL, 300.0 mg, 1.7 %, 524.0 mg, 52.5 mg, 262.4 mg, 17.66 mg/mL, 17.6 mg/mL, 35.2 mg/mL, 23.6 mg/mL, 0.262 mg/mg
Oral, Suspension, Suspension - Oral, , Liquid, Liquid - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Tablet, chewable, Tablet, chewable - Oral, Powder, Powder - Oral, Kit, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Kit - Oral, Capsule, liquid filled - Oral, Capsule, liquid filled, Capsule, Capsule, gelatin coated, Capsule, gelatin coated - Oral, Capsule - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Cream; Kit; Liquid; Ointment; Tablet; Tablet, chewable; Tablet, film coated - Oral; Topical, Oral; Topical, Cream; Kit; Liquid; Ointment; Tablet; Tablet, chewable; Tablet, film coated
Heartburn
, 52.5 mg/mL, 26.2 mg/mL, 105.0 mg/mL, 262.0 mg, 17.47 mg/mL, 35.0 mg/mL, 2.62 mg/mg, 525.0 mg, 17.5 mg/mL, 300.0 mg, 1.7 %, 524.0 mg, 52.5 mg, 262.4 mg, 17.66 mg/mL, 17.6 mg/mL, 35.2 mg/mL, 23.6 mg/mL, 0.262 mg/mg
Oral, Suspension, Suspension - Oral, , Liquid, Liquid - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Tablet, chewable, Tablet, chewable - Oral, Powder, Powder - Oral, Kit, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Kit - Oral, Capsule, liquid filled - Oral, Capsule, liquid filled, Capsule, Capsule, gelatin coated, Capsule, gelatin coated - Oral, Capsule - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Cream; Kit; Liquid; Ointment; Tablet; Tablet, chewable; Tablet, film coated - Oral; Topical, Oral; Topical, Cream; Kit; Liquid; Ointment; Tablet; Tablet, chewable; Tablet, film coated
Gastrointestinal distress
, 52.5 mg/mL, 26.2 mg/mL, 105.0 mg/mL, 262.0 mg, 17.47 mg/mL, 35.0 mg/mL, 2.62 mg/mg, 525.0 mg, 17.5 mg/mL, 300.0 mg, 1.7 %, 524.0 mg, 52.5 mg, 262.4 mg, 17.66 mg/mL, 17.6 mg/mL, 35.2 mg/mL, 23.6 mg/mL, 0.262 mg/mg
Oral, Suspension, Suspension - Oral, , Liquid, Liquid - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Tablet, chewable, Tablet, chewable - Oral, Powder, Powder - Oral, Kit, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Kit - Oral, Capsule, liquid filled - Oral, Capsule, liquid filled, Capsule, Capsule, gelatin coated, Capsule, gelatin coated - Oral, Capsule - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Cream; Kit; Liquid; Ointment; Tablet; Tablet, chewable; Tablet, film coated - Oral; Topical, Oral; Topical, Cream; Kit; Liquid; Ointment; Tablet; Tablet, chewable; Tablet, film coated
gastrointestinal fullness
, 52.5 mg/mL, 26.2 mg/mL, 105.0 mg/mL, 262.0 mg, 17.47 mg/mL, 35.0 mg/mL, 2.62 mg/mg, 525.0 mg, 17.5 mg/mL, 300.0 mg, 1.7 %, 524.0 mg, 52.5 mg, 262.4 mg, 17.66 mg/mL, 17.6 mg/mL, 35.2 mg/mL, 23.6 mg/mL, 0.262 mg/mg
Oral, Suspension, Suspension - Oral, , Liquid, Liquid - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Tablet, chewable, Tablet, chewable - Oral, Powder, Powder - Oral, Kit, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Kit - Oral, Capsule, liquid filled - Oral, Capsule, liquid filled, Capsule, Capsule, gelatin coated, Capsule, gelatin coated - Oral, Capsule - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Cream; Kit; Liquid; Ointment; Tablet; Tablet, chewable; Tablet, film coated - Oral; Topical, Oral; Topical, Cream; Kit; Liquid; Ointment; Tablet; Tablet, chewable; Tablet, film coated
Diarrhea
, 52.5 mg/mL, 26.2 mg/mL, 105.0 mg/mL, 262.0 mg, 17.47 mg/mL, 35.0 mg/mL, 2.62 mg/mg, 525.0 mg, 17.5 mg/mL, 300.0 mg, 1.7 %, 524.0 mg, 52.5 mg, 262.4 mg, 17.66 mg/mL, 17.6 mg/mL, 35.2 mg/mL, 23.6 mg/mL, 0.262 mg/mg
Oral, Suspension, Suspension - Oral, , Liquid, Liquid - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Tablet, chewable, Tablet, chewable - Oral, Powder, Powder - Oral, Kit, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Kit - Oral, Capsule, liquid filled - Oral, Capsule, liquid filled, Capsule, Capsule, gelatin coated, Capsule, gelatin coated - Oral, Capsule - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Cream; Kit; Liquid; Ointment; Tablet; Tablet, chewable; Tablet, film coated - Oral; Topical, Oral; Topical, Cream; Kit; Liquid; Ointment; Tablet; Tablet, chewable; Tablet, film coated

Warnings

Helidac Contraindications
Condition
Risk Level
Notes
gastrointestinal ulceration
Do Not Combine
Blood in Stool
Do Not Combine
Pulse Frequency
Do Not Combine
black stools
Do Not Combine
Fever
Do Not Combine
Severe Hypersensitivity Reactions
Do Not Combine
Bismuth Subsalicylate may interact with Pulse Frequency
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Do Not Combine
There are 20 known major drug interactions with Helidac.
Common Helidac Drug Interactions
Drug Name
Risk Level
Description
Bismuth subcarbonate
Major
Bismuth subsalicylate may increase the neurotoxic activities of Bismuth subcarbonate.
Bismuth subcitrate potassium
Major
Bismuth subsalicylate may increase the neurotoxic activities of Bismuth subcitrate potassium.
Bismuth subgallate
Major
Bismuth subsalicylate may increase the neurotoxic activities of Bismuth subgallate.
Bismuth subnitrate
Major
Bismuth subsalicylate may increase the neurotoxic activities of Bismuth subnitrate.
Probenecid
Major
The therapeutic efficacy of Probenecid can be decreased when used in combination with Bismuth subsalicylate.
Helidac Toxicity & Overdose RiskThe lowest toxic dose of the drug in mice has been found to be 808mg/kg when administered orally.
image of a doctor in a lab doing drug, clinical research

Helidac Novel Uses: Which Conditions Have a Clinical Trial Featuring Helidac?

There are 45 active trials assessing the potential of Helidac to treat Klebsiella Infections, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Granuloma Inguinale.
Condition
Clinical Trials
Trial Phases
Diarrhea
0 Actively Recruiting
gastrointestinal fullness
0 Actively Recruiting
Curling Ulcer
0 Actively Recruiting
Helicobacter Pylori Infection
0 Actively Recruiting
Indigestion
13 Actively Recruiting
Phase 3, Not Applicable, Early Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 1, Phase 4
Heartburn
2 Actively Recruiting
Phase 3, Not Applicable
belching
0 Actively Recruiting
Flatulence
0 Actively Recruiting
Upset stomach
0 Actively Recruiting
Gastroenteritis
26 Actively Recruiting
Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 4, Phase 3, Not Applicable
Diarrhea
0 Actively Recruiting
Gastrointestinal distress
22 Actively Recruiting
Not Applicable, Phase 2, Phase 4, Phase 1, Phase 3, Early Phase 1

Helidac Reviews: What are patients saying about Helidac?

5Patient Review
7/28/2009
Helidac for Ulcer of Duodenum caused by Bacteria Helicobacter Pylori
I decided to stop taking this medication after only a few days. I was experiencing some unpleasant side effects like green stools and fatigue, and after reading other reviews about even more severe reactions like cramps, black tongues, and darkening teeth, I didn't feel it was worth it to continue.
3Patient Review
5/4/2010
Helidac for Ulcer of Duodenum caused by Bacteria Helicobacter Pylori
I'm not particularly enjoying this treatment, as it's made me feel quite fatigued and given me stomach cramps. However, I am seeing some positive results and am hopeful that I will continue to improve.
2.7Patient Review
8/2/2009
Helidac for Ulcer of Duodenum caused by Bacteria Helicobacter Pylori
I did experience the dark stool and some darkening of my tongue, which I had read could be potential side effects of the medication. However, I had no other problems besides a little nausea if I didn't eat. Overall, I'm not sure if the problem has been corrected yet but time will tell.
2.3Patient Review
6/4/2009
Helidac for Ulcer of Duodenum caused by Bacteria Helicobacter Pylori
My bowel movements have been loose and black since starting this medication, and I'm constantly feeling nauseous and tired.
2.3Patient Review
5/1/2010
Helidac for Ulcer of Duodenum caused by Bacteria Helicobacter Pylori
I stopped taking this medication after only ten days due to the significant lack of energy I experienced. I would find myself in bed all day, and other side effects included black stool, nausea, and stomach cramps. I don't know if the short duration of treatment helped me or not; I'll have my stool tested again in a month and update my experience.
2.3Patient Review
10/2/2010
Helidac for Ulcer of Duodenum caused by Bacteria Helicobacter Pylori
It can be difficult to remember to take this medication, but it's essential. The yellow and black capsule made my symptoms worse, so I had to stop taking it. Just having to take it four times a day was hard enough.
2.3Patient Review
1/25/2013
Helidac for Ulcer of Duodenum caused by Bacteria Helicobacter Pylori
The side effects of this medication were unfortunately more intense than the benefits I experienced. For example, I had diarrhea for two weeks straight, as well as black tongue and abdominal pain so bad that it was excrutiating.
2Patient Review
5/15/2009
Helidac for Ulcer of Duodenum caused by Bacteria Helicobacter Pylori
The side effects were really tough to deal with, but I pushed through and took the pills every day. Unfortunately, even after completing the treatment, I didn't see any results.
1.7Patient Review
6/2/2009
Helidac for Ulcer of Duodenum caused by Bacteria Helicobacter Pylori
Since starting this medication, my bowel movements have not been normal. They've either been loose or liquid, and a very strange green color. In addition to that, I frequently feel bloated and full, and have experienced cramping and pain. To be honest, I actually felt better before beginning this medication.
1.7Patient Review
6/8/2010
Helidac for Ulcer of Duodenum caused by Bacteria Helicobacter Pylori
I'm five days into this therapy and have had some nausea, which is tolerable. I'm also allergic to one of the medications in the therapy; it's caused a rash and itching that isn't tolerable, but the alternative treatment isn't an option for me. Once I finish the treatment, I'll be able to provide a more accurate review.
1Patient Review
6/17/2010
Helidac for Ulcer of Duodenum caused by Bacteria Helicobacter Pylori
I have been taking this medication for 10 days now, and I can't say that it's helped me at all. If anything, it's made things worse - I'm having trouble eating and sleeping, and now I'm experiencing pain and cramping in my stomach.
1Patient Review
8/3/2010
Helidac for Ulcer of Duodenum caused by Bacteria Helicobacter Pylori
I would strongly recommend getting a second opinion before taking this medication. The side effects are incredibly painful and made my ulcer feel even worse.
1Patient Review
4/6/2009
Helidac for Ulcer of Duodenum caused by Bacteria Helicobacter Pylori

Patient Q&A Section about helidac

These questions and answers are submitted by anonymous patients, and have not been verified by our internal team.

What is helidac used for?

"Helidac is a prepackaged medication that contains three different antibacterials: bismuth subsalicylate, metronidazole, and tetracycline. These medications work together to treat peptic ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections. It needs to be taken with an antacid medication (e.g., H2 antagonist)."

Answered by AI

What is Pylera used to treat?

"This capsule treats and prevents stomach/intestinal ulcers caused by the bacteria H. pylori. The three medications in the capsule are bismuth subcitrate, metronidazole, and tetracycline."

Answered by AI

What is in a Prevpac?

"The PREVPAC consists of a daily administration pack containing two PREVACID 30-mg capsules, four amoxicillin 500-mg capsules, USP, and two clarithromycin 500-mg tablets, USP, for oral administration."

Answered by AI

Is bismuth Subcitrate an antacid?

"Bismuth salts can help get rid of bacteria that cause stomach issues such as diarrhea and stomach ulcers. They also act as an antacid for problems like indigestion."

Answered by AI

Clinical Trials for Helidac

Have you considered Helidac clinical trials? We made a collection of clinical trials featuring Helidac, we think they might fit your search criteria.
Have you considered Helidac clinical trials? We made a collection of clinical trials featuring Helidac, we think they might fit your search criteria.
Have you considered Helidac clinical trials? We made a collection of clinical trials featuring Helidac, we think they might fit your search criteria.