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What is Glucophage
MetforminThe Generic name of this drug
Treatment SummaryMetformin is a medication used to treat type II diabetes. It helps to lower blood sugar levels and can reduce insulin resistance, leading to lower insulin levels. It can also help with weight loss, making it a common choice for obese type II diabetes patients. Metformin was first approved in Canada in 1972 and in the United States in 1995. It comes in both regular and extended-release forms.
Metformin Hydrochlorideis the brand name
Glucophage Overview & Background
Brand Name
Generic Name
First FDA Approval
How many FDA approvals?
Metformin Hydrochloride
Metformin
2002
1263
Approved as Treatment by the FDA
Metformin, otherwise known as Metformin Hydrochloride, is approved by the FDA for 16 uses which include Congestive Heart Failure and Physical Activity .Congestive Heart Failure
Used to treat Heart Failure in combination with Dapagliflozin
Physical Activity
Used to treat Exercise in combination with Dapagliflozin
Type 2 Diabetes
Used to treat Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in combination with Dapagliflozin
Hospitalizations
Used to treat Hospitalizations in combination with Dapagliflozin
Diet
Used to treat Diet in combination with Dapagliflozin
Type 1 Diabetes
Used to treat Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in combination with Sitagliptin
Chronic Kidney Disease
Used to treat Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in combination with Dapagliflozin
NYHA Functional Class II-IV Heart Failure
Used to treat NYHA Functional Class II-IV Heart Failure in combination with Dapagliflozin
Ejection fraction decreased
Used to treat Ejection fraction decreased in combination with Dapagliflozin
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Used to treat Diabetic Ketoacidosis in combination with Saxagliptin
uncontrolled diabetes
Used to treat uncontrolled diabetes in combination with Rosiglitazone
Cardiovascular Disease
Used to treat Cardiovascular Risk in combination with Dapagliflozin
Cardiovascular Diseases
Used to treat established cardiovascular disease in combination with Dapagliflozin
decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate
Used to treat decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate in combination with Dapagliflozin
Cardiovascular Mortality
Used to treat Cardiovascular Mortality in combination with Dapagliflozin
Kidney Failure
Used to treat End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in combination with Dapagliflozin
Effectiveness
How Glucophage Affects PatientsInsulin is a hormone that helps control blood sugar levels. People with Type II diabetes have difficulty responding to insulin, leading to high blood sugar. Metformin works by decreasing the amount of sugar produced by the liver and reducing its absorption in the intestine, while also increasing how the body responds to insulin. This helps lower blood sugar levels. In a clinical trial of people with Type II diabetes, Metformin decreased fasting plasma glucose levels by an average of 59 mg/dL, while it increased by 6.3 mg/dL in those taking a placebo. It also lowered Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1
How Glucophage works in the bodyMetformin works to decrease blood sugar levels by reducing the amount of sugar created by the liver, limiting the amount of sugar absorbed by the intestines, and making cells more sensitive to insulin. When taken, Metformin is absorbed by the liver cells, which act upon it to block the production of a molecule used to make energy. This leads to a decrease in energy production, which increases the ratios of certain molecules. These changes activate an enzyme that helps regulate glucose metabolism. Metformin also stops the production of a molecule used to create fat and increases the gut's use of glucose. Finally, Metformin promotes the metabolism of
When to interrupt dosage
The endorsed dose of Glucophage is contingent upon the diagnosed ailment, incorporating Diet, lack of reaction to metformin and Diabetic Ketoacidosis. The proportion of dosage shifts, as per the technique of delivery (e.g. Oral or Tablet - Oral) specified in the table beneath.Condition
Dosage
Administration
decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate
500.0 mg, , 1000.0 mg, 750.0 mg, 850.0 mg, 250.0 mg, 500.0 mg/mL, 660.0 mg, 780.0 mg
Oral, , Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Kit, Solution, Solution - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, For suspension, extended release - Oral, For suspension, extended release, Kit - Oral
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
500.0 mg, , 1000.0 mg, 750.0 mg, 850.0 mg, 250.0 mg, 500.0 mg/mL, 660.0 mg, 780.0 mg
Oral, , Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Kit, Solution, Solution - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, For suspension, extended release - Oral, For suspension, extended release, Kit - Oral
Type 1 Diabetes
500.0 mg, , 1000.0 mg, 750.0 mg, 850.0 mg, 250.0 mg, 500.0 mg/mL, 660.0 mg, 780.0 mg
Oral, , Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Kit, Solution, Solution - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, For suspension, extended release - Oral, For suspension, extended release, Kit - Oral
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
500.0 mg, , 1000.0 mg, 750.0 mg, 850.0 mg, 250.0 mg, 500.0 mg/mL, 660.0 mg, 780.0 mg
Oral, , Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Kit, Solution, Solution - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, For suspension, extended release - Oral, For suspension, extended release, Kit - Oral
Congestive Heart Failure
500.0 mg, , 1000.0 mg, 750.0 mg, 850.0 mg, 250.0 mg, 500.0 mg/mL, 660.0 mg, 780.0 mg
Oral, , Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Kit, Solution, Solution - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, For suspension, extended release - Oral, For suspension, extended release, Kit - Oral
Physical Activity
500.0 mg, , 1000.0 mg, 750.0 mg, 850.0 mg, 250.0 mg, 500.0 mg/mL, 660.0 mg, 780.0 mg
Oral, , Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Kit, Solution, Solution - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, For suspension, extended release - Oral, For suspension, extended release, Kit - Oral
Type 2 Diabetes
500.0 mg, , 1000.0 mg, 750.0 mg, 850.0 mg, 250.0 mg, 500.0 mg/mL, 660.0 mg, 780.0 mg
Oral, , Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Kit, Solution, Solution - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, For suspension, extended release - Oral, For suspension, extended release, Kit - Oral
Chronic Kidney Disease
500.0 mg, , 1000.0 mg, 750.0 mg, 850.0 mg, 250.0 mg, 500.0 mg/mL, 660.0 mg, 780.0 mg
Oral, , Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Kit, Solution, Solution - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, For suspension, extended release - Oral, For suspension, extended release, Kit - Oral
Kidney Failure
500.0 mg, , 1000.0 mg, 750.0 mg, 850.0 mg, 250.0 mg, 500.0 mg/mL, 660.0 mg, 780.0 mg
Oral, , Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Kit, Solution, Solution - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, For suspension, extended release - Oral, For suspension, extended release, Kit - Oral
Diet
500.0 mg, , 1000.0 mg, 750.0 mg, 850.0 mg, 250.0 mg, 500.0 mg/mL, 660.0 mg, 780.0 mg
Oral, , Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Kit, Solution, Solution - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, For suspension, extended release - Oral, For suspension, extended release, Kit - Oral
Hospitalizations
500.0 mg, , 1000.0 mg, 750.0 mg, 850.0 mg, 250.0 mg, 500.0 mg/mL, 660.0 mg, 780.0 mg
Oral, , Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Kit, Solution, Solution - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, For suspension, extended release - Oral, For suspension, extended release, Kit - Oral
Cardiovascular Disease
500.0 mg, , 1000.0 mg, 750.0 mg, 850.0 mg, 250.0 mg, 500.0 mg/mL, 660.0 mg, 780.0 mg
Oral, , Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Kit, Solution, Solution - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, For suspension, extended release - Oral, For suspension, extended release, Kit - Oral
Cardiovascular Mortality
500.0 mg, , 1000.0 mg, 750.0 mg, 850.0 mg, 250.0 mg, 500.0 mg/mL, 660.0 mg, 780.0 mg
Oral, , Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Kit, Solution, Solution - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, For suspension, extended release - Oral, For suspension, extended release, Kit - Oral
inadequate response to metformin
500.0 mg, , 1000.0 mg, 750.0 mg, 850.0 mg, 250.0 mg, 500.0 mg/mL, 660.0 mg, 780.0 mg
Oral, , Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Kit, Solution, Solution - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, For suspension, extended release - Oral, For suspension, extended release, Kit - Oral
Ejection fraction decreased
500.0 mg, , 1000.0 mg, 750.0 mg, 850.0 mg, 250.0 mg, 500.0 mg/mL, 660.0 mg, 780.0 mg
Oral, , Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Kit, Solution, Solution - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, For suspension, extended release - Oral, For suspension, extended release, Kit - Oral
NYHA Functional Class II-IV Heart Failure
500.0 mg, , 1000.0 mg, 750.0 mg, 850.0 mg, 250.0 mg, 500.0 mg/mL, 660.0 mg, 780.0 mg
Oral, , Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Kit, Solution, Solution - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, For suspension, extended release - Oral, For suspension, extended release, Kit - Oral
Cardiovascular Diseases
500.0 mg, , 1000.0 mg, 750.0 mg, 850.0 mg, 250.0 mg, 500.0 mg/mL, 660.0 mg, 780.0 mg
Oral, , Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Kit, Solution, Solution - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, For suspension, extended release - Oral, For suspension, extended release, Kit - Oral
uncontrolled diabetes
500.0 mg, , 1000.0 mg, 750.0 mg, 850.0 mg, 250.0 mg, 500.0 mg/mL, 660.0 mg, 780.0 mg
Oral, , Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Kit, Solution, Solution - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, For suspension, extended release - Oral, For suspension, extended release, Kit - Oral
diet and exercise not sufficient for diabetes control
500.0 mg, , 1000.0 mg, 750.0 mg, 850.0 mg, 250.0 mg, 500.0 mg/mL, 660.0 mg, 780.0 mg
Oral, , Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Kit, Solution, Solution - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, For suspension, extended release - Oral, For suspension, extended release, Kit - Oral
Warnings
Glucophage ContraindicationsCondition
Risk Level
Notes
severe hepatic dysfunction
Do Not Combine
Impaired Renal Function
Do Not Combine
cardiovascular collapse
Do Not Combine
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Do Not Combine
Operative Surgery
Do Not Combine
Metabolic acidosis
Do Not Combine
cardiorespiratory insufficiency caused by Heart Failure
Do Not Combine
Impaired Renal Function
Do Not Combine
kidney function unknown
Do Not Combine
Hypovolemic Shock
Do Not Combine
serum creatinine above upper limit for age range
Do Not Combine
ethanol
Do Not Combine
Acute Coryza
Do Not Combine
Hypoxemia
Do Not Combine
Liver Failure
Do Not Combine
Lactic Acidosis
Do Not Combine
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Do Not Combine
Impaired Renal Function
Do Not Combine
estimated GFR <30mL/min
Do Not Combine
Severe Hypersensitivity Reactions
Do Not Combine
Metformin may interact with Pulse Frequency
Common Glucophage Drug Interactions
Drug Name
Risk Level
Description
Abemaciclib
Major
The excretion of Abemaciclib can be decreased when combined with Metformin.
Procainamide
Major
The excretion of Procainamide can be decreased when combined with Metformin.
Topotecan
Major
The excretion of Topotecan can be decreased when combined with Metformin.
Abacavir
Minor
Metformin may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level.
Aclidinium
Minor
Metformin may decrease the excretion rate of Aclidinium which could result in a higher serum level.
Glucophage Toxicity & Overdose RiskThe toxic dose of metformin in rats is 1 gram/kg when taken orally, 500 milligrams/kg through the abdominal cavity, and 300 milligrams/kg through the skin. In mice, the toxic dose is 1450 milligrams/kg orally, 420 milligrams/kg through the abdominal cavity, and 225 milligrams/kg through the skin. Metformin may increase the risk of lactic acidosis, which can cause symptoms like fatigue, muscle aches, abdominal pain, and difficulty breathing. Those with weak kidneys, heart failure, liver problems, or over 65 years old
Glucophage Novel Uses: Which Conditions Have a Clinical Trial Featuring Glucophage?
Currently, 346 active trials are being conducted to evaluate the potential of Glucophage to treat Type 2 Diabetes, Type 1 Diabetes and Metformin resistance.Condition
Clinical Trials
Trial Phases
inadequate response to metformin
0 Actively Recruiting
Cardiovascular Disease
31 Actively Recruiting
Not Applicable, Phase 1, Early Phase 1, Phase 3, Phase 2
Chronic Kidney Disease
115 Actively Recruiting
Not Applicable, Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 4, Phase 3, Early Phase 1
Type 1 Diabetes
145 Actively Recruiting
Phase 3, Phase 1, Early Phase 1, Not Applicable, Phase 2, Phase 4
Type 2 Diabetes
192 Actively Recruiting
Phase 2, Not Applicable, Early Phase 1, Phase 1, Phase 4, Phase 3
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
9 Actively Recruiting
Phase 1, Not Applicable, Phase 2, Phase 3, Early Phase 1, Phase 4
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
3 Actively Recruiting
Phase 2, Early Phase 1, Not Applicable
decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate
0 Actively Recruiting
Kidney Failure
54 Actively Recruiting
Phase 3, Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 4, Not Applicable
Congestive Heart Failure
315 Actively Recruiting
Phase 2, Phase 3, Not Applicable, Phase 1, Early Phase 1, Phase 4
Diet
5 Actively Recruiting
Not Applicable
uncontrolled diabetes
0 Actively Recruiting
NYHA Functional Class II-IV Heart Failure
0 Actively Recruiting
Ejection fraction decreased
0 Actively Recruiting
Hospitalizations
2 Actively Recruiting
Not Applicable
Cardiovascular Diseases
0 Actively Recruiting
Physical Activity
39 Actively Recruiting
Not Applicable, Phase 2, Phase 1, Early Phase 1
Cardiovascular Mortality
0 Actively Recruiting
diet and exercise not sufficient for diabetes control
0 Actively Recruiting
Glucophage Reviews: What are patients saying about Glucophage?
5Patient Review
9/13/2012 Though my A1C has been well-controlled at 6.7 for the last two years, I have unfortunately gained 20lbs around my stomach area. I now also suffer from fatigue and muscle pain, which has only recently been diagnosed as fibromyalgia.
5Patient Review
12/19/2013 This treatment was effective and I would recommend it to others.
4.3Patient Review
10/30/2013 I've been taking Glucaphage ER for over 8 years to manage my poly cystic ovaries. I love that it's effective and has helped me with weight loss, regularity, and reducing acne flare-ups. However, if you miss a couple of days, the gas and bloating will be incredibly painful when you start up again. I wish the pill was smaller; taking three 500mg tablets daily is stressful.
4.3Patient Review
6/12/20124Patient Review
7/9/2012 I am 48 years old and have been using glucophage to control my diabetes for the past 5 years. I've never experienced any side effects. Now, my doctor has advised me to take 3 pills of 500mg a day since my HbA1c value was above 7%. So far, I am happy with the results.
3.7Patient Review
4/6/2014 Despite taking this medication, my blood sugar levels remain too high.
3.3Patient Review
3/17/2014 I was always told that this medication would cause weight gain. Now, I'm seeing the opposite claim being made. What is the story here?
3Patient Review
6/25/20122.3Patient Review
9/23/2014 I was recommended this by my doctor, and at first I took 750mg. Later, they advised me to up the dosage to 1500mg; however, now my fasting sugar levels are showing as 180. I'm not sure if I should continue taking this medication or not. Can somebody advise?
2.3Patient Review
3/8/2017 Metformin 500 lowered my sugar levels and helped me lose weight; however, the side effects were too much for me to handle. I developed stomach pain, couldn't eat, and had diarrhea (some of which was very dark in color). Once I stopped taking the medication, all of these symptoms went away.
1.7Patient Review
8/28/2014 Though this medication lowered my glucose levels after a few days, I had to stop taking it because the side effects were too much for me to handle. These included upset stomach, feelings of weakness, and body aches.
1.3Patient Review
6/26/2013 I started off taking one pill a day, then increased to two, then three, and eventually four. I had to back down to three pills a day after a few years. I've been on this medication for ten years now.
1.3Patient Review
4/26/2013 No problems here
1Patient Review
7/12/2012 I started having diarrhea almost immediately after taking the first dose of this medication with a meal.
Patient Q&A Section about glucophage
These questions and answers are submitted by anonymous patients, and have not been verified by our internal team.Does Glucophage cause weight loss?
"The diabetes treatment Metformin, which is often sold under the brand name Glucophage, can help people with diabetes lose weight by reducing their appetites."
Answered by AI
What is difference between metformin and Glucophage?
"Brand name: Glucophage XR
Generic name: metformin ER
Drug class: Biguanides
Treatment of: Type 2 diabetes
Once daily with food
Maximum dose: 2000 mg
Metformin ER (Glucophage XR) is the extended-release version of metformin that only needs to be taken once daily with food. The maximum total daily dose of metformin ER is 2000 mg. Metformin ER is only indicated for adults with type 2 diabetes."
Answered by AI
What is the drug Glucophage used for?
"The medicine is used to help control blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes. By controlling blood sugar levels, the medicine helps to prevent serious health complications such as kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems."
Answered by AI
When should Glucophage be taken?
"They shows be taken in the morning with breakfast.
The text is saying that Glucophage tablets are designed to be taken two or three times a day with meals, or immediately after meals, while Glucophage SR tablets are designed to be taken in the morning with breakfast."
Answered by AI