Brain Imaging for Speech Learning

DO
Overseen ByDavid Ostry
No Placebo GroupAll trial participants will receive the active study treatment (no placebo)

What You Need to Know Before You Apply

What is the purpose of this trial?

This trial aims to explore how different parts of the brain contribute to learning and remembering speech movements. Researchers use transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to temporarily disrupt brain activity and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify active brain areas during learning. Participants will be divided into groups to compare normal and altered auditory feedback during speech tasks as part of the adaptation process. This trial suits fluent English speakers who are right-handed, have normal hearing, and no history of speech disorders. As an unphased study, this trial offers a unique opportunity to contribute to groundbreaking research on brain function and speech learning.

Will I have to stop taking my current medications?

The trial excludes participants who are taking psychoactive medications, so you may need to stop taking those if you are currently on them. The protocol does not specify about other types of medications.

What prior data suggests that this protocol is safe for participants?

Research has shown that altered auditory feedback, part of the treatment under study, is generally safe for participants. Studies have examined its effects on brain activity and found no serious safety concerns. For example, one study examined how altered feedback changes brain patterns during speech and reported no major safety issues.

Another study investigated whether this type of feedback might slow down speech or cause speech errors, but these effects were temporary and not harmful. Overall, research suggests that altered auditory feedback is well-tolerated and does not pose significant risks to participants.

In this trial, participants will also undergo fMRI scans. These scans are commonly used in research and are considered safe for most people. They create detailed images of brain activity without using radiation. As always, those considering joining a trial should discuss any concerns with the research team.12345

Why are researchers excited about this trial?

Researchers are excited about this trial because it explores how altered auditory feedback, combined with brain imaging techniques like fMRI, might enhance speech learning. Unlike standard treatments that primarily focus on repetition and speech therapy exercises, this approach aims to understand the brain's functional connectivity patterns that predict learning success. By assessing how different brain regions communicate during learning and retention, researchers hope to uncover new insights into speech acquisition, potentially leading to more effective and personalized interventions in the future.

What evidence suggests that this trial's treatments could be effective for speech learning?

This trial will compare altered auditory feedback with a control condition to study its effects on speech learning. Research has shown that changing how individuals hear their own speech can significantly affect speech learning and control. When auditory feedback is altered, speakers often adjust their speech, underscoring the importance of hearing in learning to speak. Studies have found that altering auditory feedback can also change brain activity, indicating that the brain actively adapts to improve speech. Additionally, changes in auditory feedback have been linked to smoother and more consistent speech. These findings suggest that altering auditory feedback might enhance understanding and improvement of speech learning and memory.678910

Who Is on the Research Team?

DO

David Ostry

Principal Investigator

Yale University

Are You a Good Fit for This Trial?

This trial is for individuals who are interested in participating in research about speech. There are specific criteria to join, but they aren't listed here.

Inclusion Criteria

Right-handed
My hearing is normal.
No speech disorder or reading disability

Exclusion Criteria

Implanted neurostimulator
I have a cochlear implant or experience ringing in my ears.
Medication infusion device
See 9 more

Timeline for a Trial Participant

Screening

Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial

2-4 weeks

Speech Motor Learning

Participants perform learning tasks with altered auditory feedback and undergo fMRI. This session lasts 30 minutes.

1 day
1 visit (in-person)

Retention Assessment

Participants return 24 hours later to assess retention of learning using fMRI and other measures.

1 day
1 visit (in-person)

Follow-up

Participants are monitored for safety and effectiveness after the main trial activities

4 weeks

What Are the Treatments Tested in This Trial?

Interventions

  • Adaptation
Trial Overview The study aims to understand how the brain learns and retains speech movements. It will use fMRI scans and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to disrupt brain activity and track learning-related changes in sensory and motor areas of the brain.
How Is the Trial Designed?
2Treatment groups
Experimental Treatment
Group I: Control ConditionExperimental Treatment2 Interventions
Group II: Altered auditory feedback + fMRIExperimental Treatment2 Interventions

Find a Clinic Near You

Who Is Running the Clinical Trial?

Yale University

Lead Sponsor

Trials
1,963
Recruited
3,046,000+

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)

Collaborator

Trials
377
Recruited
190,000+

Published Research Related to This Trial

Disruption of the articulatory representation in the left primary motor cortex (M1) using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) impairs the ability to adapt speech in response to altered auditory feedback, indicating a causal role of M1 in speech sensorimotor adaptation.
Participants who received rTMS over the tongue representation did not show the expected compensatory changes in their speech production, while those who received rTMS over the hand representation successfully adapted, highlighting the specific contribution of the tongue area in M1 to speech learning.
Disruption of speech motor adaptation with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the articulatory representation in primary motor cortex.Tang, DL., McDaniel, A., Watkins, KE.[2022]
Speech motor learning involves significant changes in how the brain processes both auditory and somatosensory information, as shown through experiments with altered auditory feedback.
As participants adapted their speech to correct for changes in auditory feedback, there were measurable changes in their speech outputs and corresponding neural responses, indicating a close relationship between sensory processing and motor adaptation.
Speech motor learning changes the neural response to both auditory and somatosensory signals.Ito, T., Coppola, JH., Ostry, DJ.[2018]
Participants who practiced producing novel speech sequences showed significant improvements in accuracy and speed, indicating effective motor learning over 2 days.
fMRI results revealed that successful speech motor learning engages specific brain regions associated with both general motor learning and feedback-based speech processes, suggesting a complex neural network is involved in mastering speech sequences.
The neural correlates of speech motor sequence learning.Segawa, JA., Tourville, JA., Beal, DS., et al.[2021]

Citations

Using altered auditory feedback to study pitch ...This review article aims to offer an overview of the progression of AAF paradigm as a method to study pitch motor control among speakers of tonal languages.
Online Adaptation to Altered Auditory Feedback Is Predicted ...When a speaker's auditory feedback is altered, he adapts for the perturbation by altering his own production, which demonstrates the role of auditory feedback ...
The effect of perceived auditory feedback on speech Brain ...We found subtle differences in brain activity patterns when auditory feedback was absent compared to normal feedback situations. Importantly, ...
Transfer Effect of Speech-sound Learning on Auditory ...This event-related potential study investigated whether speech-sound learning can modulate the processing of feedback errors during vocal pitch regulation.
Deficit or Difference? Effects of Altered Auditory Feedback ...Auditory feedback manipulations can alter speech fluency and kinematic variability in AWS. Longer latency auditory feedback delays induce speech disruptions, ...
Brain activity during altered auditory feedback: an FMRI ...In this study of fluent speakers, we investigated the effects of these two types of altered feedback on patterns of brain activity associated with producing and ...
Unlocking the musical brain: A proof-of-concept study on ...We present a proof-of-concept study which shows the feasibility of playing the novel piano in MRI, and a step towards using more naturalistic stimuli.
Can Typically Fluent Adults Adapt to Long-Latency ...Delayed auditory feedback (DAF) is a potent speech perturbation that can induce disfluencies and speech errors along with slowing speaking rate in typical ...
Does over-reliance on auditory feedback cause disfluency ...This study tested the idea that stuttering is caused by over-reliance on auditory feedback. The theory is motivated by the observation that ...
Subtle Patterns of Altered Responsiveness to Delayed ...Delayed auditory feedback (DAF) introduces timing discrepancies between perception and action, disrupting sequence production in verbal and non-verbal domains.
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