Ventolin Rotacaps
Hyperkalemia, Acute Bronchitis, Pneumonia + 18 more
Treatment
9 FDA approvals
20 Active Studies for Ventolin Rotacaps
Treatment for
Hyperkalemia
What is Ventolin Rotacaps
Salbutamol
The Generic name of this drug
Treatment Summary
Salbutamol is a medication used to treat asthma and COPD. It works by activating beta2-receptors in the lungs to reduce symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing. Salbutamol is a mix of two different forms (R- and S-isomers), with the R-isomer being more effective. A more expensive, single R-isomer version of the drug (Levalbuterol) is also available, but salbutamol is more commonly prescribed. Salbutamol is used to treat both acute episodes of bronchospasm and to prevent exercise-
Proair HFA
is the brand name
Ventolin Rotacaps Overview & Background
Brand Name
Generic Name
First FDA Approval
How many FDA approvals?
Proair HFA
Salbutamol
1981
314
Approved as Treatment by the FDA
Salbutamol, also known as Proair HFA, is approved by the FDA for 9 uses like prophylaxis of Exercise-induced bronchospasm and prophylaxis of Bronchospasm .
prophylaxis of Exercise-induced bronchospasm
prophylaxis of Bronchospasm
Bronchospasm, Exercise-Induced
Bronchial Spasm
Asthma, Exercise-Induced
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Used to treat Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in combination with Ipratropium
Bronchodilator Agents
Used to treat need of more than one bronchodilator in combination with Ipratropium
Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm
Bronchospasm
Effectiveness
How Ventolin Rotacaps Affects Patients
Salbutamol (also known as albuterol) is a medication used to open up airways and relieve breathing problems like asthma. It works by stimulating beta-1 and beta-2 receptors in the body, which helps to relax the muscles in the lungs. Side effects can include trembling muscles, lower blood pressure, and changes in insulin and blood sugar levels. It can also lower potassium levels in the blood. Salbutamol is similar to another medication called terbutaline, but the version of salbutamol called levalbuterol is thought to have fewer side effects.
How Ventolin Rotacaps works in the body
Salbutamol works by relaxing the muscles in the airways, which allows more air to flow through. It does this by activating beta2-adrenergic receptors on the airway muscles, which triggers a series of chemical reactions that result in muscle relaxation. Salbutamol is especially useful because it is more effective on the airways than similar drugs and has fewer side effects on the heart. After inhalation, it usually takes 5-15 minutes for airway relaxation to begin, and the effects can last for up to 6 hours.
When to interrupt dosage
The suggested quantity of Ventolin Rotacaps is founded on the diagnosed condition, including Bronchodilator Agents, Emphysema and Wheezing. The amount of dosage changes, in line with the technique of administration featured in the table beneath.
Condition
Dosage
Administration
Emphysema
2.0 mg/mL, , 2.5 mg/mL, 0.09 mg, 3.0 mg/mL, 2.0 mg, 4.0 mg, 8.0 mg, 0.75 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, 25.0 mg/mL, 0.63 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.108 mg, 5.0 mg/mL, 2.4 mg, 0.045 mg, 3.0 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.83 mg/mL, 0.12 mg, 4.8 mg, 0.00009 mg/mg, 1.0 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/dose, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/pump actuation, 0.097 mg/pump actuation, 0.1 mg/pump actuation, 0.4 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.12 mg/pump actuation
, Oral, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Respiratory (inhalation), Solution - Respiratory (inhalation), Aerosol, metered, Aerosol, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Solution, Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Intrabronchial, Solution - Intrabronchial, Aerosol, metered - Oral, Occlusive dressing technique, Syrup - Occlusive dressing technique, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Solution - Intravenous, Intravenous, Powder, Powder - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid, Liquid - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Intravenous, Liquid - Intramuscular, Intramuscular, Capsule - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Oral, Capsule, Solution - Intramuscular, Spray, metered, Powder, metered, Powder, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Spray, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant, Aerosol, spray - Oral, Aerosol, spray, Spray, Spray - Oral, Aerosol, metered - Intrabronchial, Nasal, Solution - Nasal, Solution - Oral, Inhalant - Nasal, Inhalant - Oral
Bronchitis
2.0 mg/mL, , 2.5 mg/mL, 0.09 mg, 3.0 mg/mL, 2.0 mg, 4.0 mg, 8.0 mg, 0.75 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, 25.0 mg/mL, 0.63 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.108 mg, 5.0 mg/mL, 2.4 mg, 0.045 mg, 3.0 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.83 mg/mL, 0.12 mg, 4.8 mg, 0.00009 mg/mg, 1.0 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/dose, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/pump actuation, 0.097 mg/pump actuation, 0.1 mg/pump actuation, 0.4 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.12 mg/pump actuation
, Oral, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Respiratory (inhalation), Solution - Respiratory (inhalation), Aerosol, metered, Aerosol, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Solution, Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Intrabronchial, Solution - Intrabronchial, Aerosol, metered - Oral, Occlusive dressing technique, Syrup - Occlusive dressing technique, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Solution - Intravenous, Intravenous, Powder, Powder - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid, Liquid - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Intravenous, Liquid - Intramuscular, Intramuscular, Capsule - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Oral, Capsule, Solution - Intramuscular, Spray, metered, Powder, metered, Powder, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Spray, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant, Aerosol, spray - Oral, Aerosol, spray, Spray, Spray - Oral, Aerosol, metered - Intrabronchial, Nasal, Solution - Nasal, Solution - Oral, Inhalant - Nasal, Inhalant - Oral
Hyperkalemia
2.0 mg/mL, , 2.5 mg/mL, 0.09 mg, 3.0 mg/mL, 2.0 mg, 4.0 mg, 8.0 mg, 0.75 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, 25.0 mg/mL, 0.63 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.108 mg, 5.0 mg/mL, 2.4 mg, 0.045 mg, 3.0 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.83 mg/mL, 0.12 mg, 4.8 mg, 0.00009 mg/mg, 1.0 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/dose, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/pump actuation, 0.097 mg/pump actuation, 0.1 mg/pump actuation, 0.4 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.12 mg/pump actuation
, Oral, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Respiratory (inhalation), Solution - Respiratory (inhalation), Aerosol, metered, Aerosol, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Solution, Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Intrabronchial, Solution - Intrabronchial, Aerosol, metered - Oral, Occlusive dressing technique, Syrup - Occlusive dressing technique, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Solution - Intravenous, Intravenous, Powder, Powder - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid, Liquid - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Intravenous, Liquid - Intramuscular, Intramuscular, Capsule - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Oral, Capsule, Solution - Intramuscular, Spray, metered, Powder, metered, Powder, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Spray, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant, Aerosol, spray - Oral, Aerosol, spray, Spray, Spray - Oral, Aerosol, metered - Intrabronchial, Nasal, Solution - Nasal, Solution - Oral, Inhalant - Nasal, Inhalant - Oral
Acute Bronchitis
2.0 mg/mL, , 2.5 mg/mL, 0.09 mg, 3.0 mg/mL, 2.0 mg, 4.0 mg, 8.0 mg, 0.75 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, 25.0 mg/mL, 0.63 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.108 mg, 5.0 mg/mL, 2.4 mg, 0.045 mg, 3.0 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.83 mg/mL, 0.12 mg, 4.8 mg, 0.00009 mg/mg, 1.0 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/dose, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/pump actuation, 0.097 mg/pump actuation, 0.1 mg/pump actuation, 0.4 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.12 mg/pump actuation
, Oral, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Respiratory (inhalation), Solution - Respiratory (inhalation), Aerosol, metered, Aerosol, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Solution, Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Intrabronchial, Solution - Intrabronchial, Aerosol, metered - Oral, Occlusive dressing technique, Syrup - Occlusive dressing technique, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Solution - Intravenous, Intravenous, Powder, Powder - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid, Liquid - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Intravenous, Liquid - Intramuscular, Intramuscular, Capsule - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Oral, Capsule, Solution - Intramuscular, Spray, metered, Powder, metered, Powder, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Spray, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant, Aerosol, spray - Oral, Aerosol, spray, Spray, Spray - Oral, Aerosol, metered - Intrabronchial, Nasal, Solution - Nasal, Solution - Oral, Inhalant - Nasal, Inhalant - Oral
Pneumonia
2.0 mg/mL, , 2.5 mg/mL, 0.09 mg, 3.0 mg/mL, 2.0 mg, 4.0 mg, 8.0 mg, 0.75 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, 25.0 mg/mL, 0.63 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.108 mg, 5.0 mg/mL, 2.4 mg, 0.045 mg, 3.0 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.83 mg/mL, 0.12 mg, 4.8 mg, 0.00009 mg/mg, 1.0 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/dose, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/pump actuation, 0.097 mg/pump actuation, 0.1 mg/pump actuation, 0.4 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.12 mg/pump actuation
, Oral, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Respiratory (inhalation), Solution - Respiratory (inhalation), Aerosol, metered, Aerosol, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Solution, Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Intrabronchial, Solution - Intrabronchial, Aerosol, metered - Oral, Occlusive dressing technique, Syrup - Occlusive dressing technique, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Solution - Intravenous, Intravenous, Powder, Powder - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid, Liquid - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Intravenous, Liquid - Intramuscular, Intramuscular, Capsule - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Oral, Capsule, Solution - Intramuscular, Spray, metered, Powder, metered, Powder, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Spray, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant, Aerosol, spray - Oral, Aerosol, spray, Spray, Spray - Oral, Aerosol, metered - Intrabronchial, Nasal, Solution - Nasal, Solution - Oral, Inhalant - Nasal, Inhalant - Oral
Bronchial Spasm
2.0 mg/mL, , 2.5 mg/mL, 0.09 mg, 3.0 mg/mL, 2.0 mg, 4.0 mg, 8.0 mg, 0.75 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, 25.0 mg/mL, 0.63 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.108 mg, 5.0 mg/mL, 2.4 mg, 0.045 mg, 3.0 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.83 mg/mL, 0.12 mg, 4.8 mg, 0.00009 mg/mg, 1.0 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/dose, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/pump actuation, 0.097 mg/pump actuation, 0.1 mg/pump actuation, 0.4 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.12 mg/pump actuation
, Oral, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Respiratory (inhalation), Solution - Respiratory (inhalation), Aerosol, metered, Aerosol, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Solution, Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Intrabronchial, Solution - Intrabronchial, Aerosol, metered - Oral, Occlusive dressing technique, Syrup - Occlusive dressing technique, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Solution - Intravenous, Intravenous, Powder, Powder - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid, Liquid - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Intravenous, Liquid - Intramuscular, Intramuscular, Capsule - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Oral, Capsule, Solution - Intramuscular, Spray, metered, Powder, metered, Powder, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Spray, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant, Aerosol, spray - Oral, Aerosol, spray, Spray, Spray - Oral, Aerosol, metered - Intrabronchial, Nasal, Solution - Nasal, Solution - Oral, Inhalant - Nasal, Inhalant - Oral
Asthma
2.0 mg/mL, , 2.5 mg/mL, 0.09 mg, 3.0 mg/mL, 2.0 mg, 4.0 mg, 8.0 mg, 0.75 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, 25.0 mg/mL, 0.63 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.108 mg, 5.0 mg/mL, 2.4 mg, 0.045 mg, 3.0 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.83 mg/mL, 0.12 mg, 4.8 mg, 0.00009 mg/mg, 1.0 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/dose, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/pump actuation, 0.097 mg/pump actuation, 0.1 mg/pump actuation, 0.4 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.12 mg/pump actuation
, Oral, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Respiratory (inhalation), Solution - Respiratory (inhalation), Aerosol, metered, Aerosol, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Solution, Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Intrabronchial, Solution - Intrabronchial, Aerosol, metered - Oral, Occlusive dressing technique, Syrup - Occlusive dressing technique, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Solution - Intravenous, Intravenous, Powder, Powder - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid, Liquid - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Intravenous, Liquid - Intramuscular, Intramuscular, Capsule - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Oral, Capsule, Solution - Intramuscular, Spray, metered, Powder, metered, Powder, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Spray, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant, Aerosol, spray - Oral, Aerosol, spray, Spray, Spray - Oral, Aerosol, metered - Intrabronchial, Nasal, Solution - Nasal, Solution - Oral, Inhalant - Nasal, Inhalant - Oral
Asthma
2.0 mg/mL, , 2.5 mg/mL, 0.09 mg, 3.0 mg/mL, 2.0 mg, 4.0 mg, 8.0 mg, 0.75 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, 25.0 mg/mL, 0.63 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.108 mg, 5.0 mg/mL, 2.4 mg, 0.045 mg, 3.0 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.83 mg/mL, 0.12 mg, 4.8 mg, 0.00009 mg/mg, 1.0 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/dose, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/pump actuation, 0.097 mg/pump actuation, 0.1 mg/pump actuation, 0.4 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.12 mg/pump actuation
, Oral, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Respiratory (inhalation), Solution - Respiratory (inhalation), Aerosol, metered, Aerosol, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Solution, Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Intrabronchial, Solution - Intrabronchial, Aerosol, metered - Oral, Occlusive dressing technique, Syrup - Occlusive dressing technique, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Solution - Intravenous, Intravenous, Powder, Powder - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid, Liquid - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Intravenous, Liquid - Intramuscular, Intramuscular, Capsule - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Oral, Capsule, Solution - Intramuscular, Spray, metered, Powder, metered, Powder, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Spray, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant, Aerosol, spray - Oral, Aerosol, spray, Spray, Spray - Oral, Aerosol, metered - Intrabronchial, Nasal, Solution - Nasal, Solution - Oral, Inhalant - Nasal, Inhalant - Oral
Respiratory Tract Infections
2.0 mg/mL, , 2.5 mg/mL, 0.09 mg, 3.0 mg/mL, 2.0 mg, 4.0 mg, 8.0 mg, 0.75 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, 25.0 mg/mL, 0.63 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.108 mg, 5.0 mg/mL, 2.4 mg, 0.045 mg, 3.0 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.83 mg/mL, 0.12 mg, 4.8 mg, 0.00009 mg/mg, 1.0 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/dose, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/pump actuation, 0.097 mg/pump actuation, 0.1 mg/pump actuation, 0.4 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.12 mg/pump actuation
, Oral, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Respiratory (inhalation), Solution - Respiratory (inhalation), Aerosol, metered, Aerosol, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Solution, Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Intrabronchial, Solution - Intrabronchial, Aerosol, metered - Oral, Occlusive dressing technique, Syrup - Occlusive dressing technique, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Solution - Intravenous, Intravenous, Powder, Powder - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid, Liquid - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Intravenous, Liquid - Intramuscular, Intramuscular, Capsule - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Oral, Capsule, Solution - Intramuscular, Spray, metered, Powder, metered, Powder, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Spray, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant, Aerosol, spray - Oral, Aerosol, spray, Spray, Spray - Oral, Aerosol, metered - Intrabronchial, Nasal, Solution - Nasal, Solution - Oral, Inhalant - Nasal, Inhalant - Oral
Influenza
2.0 mg/mL, , 2.5 mg/mL, 0.09 mg, 3.0 mg/mL, 2.0 mg, 4.0 mg, 8.0 mg, 0.75 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, 25.0 mg/mL, 0.63 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.108 mg, 5.0 mg/mL, 2.4 mg, 0.045 mg, 3.0 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.83 mg/mL, 0.12 mg, 4.8 mg, 0.00009 mg/mg, 1.0 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/dose, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/pump actuation, 0.097 mg/pump actuation, 0.1 mg/pump actuation, 0.4 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.12 mg/pump actuation
, Oral, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Respiratory (inhalation), Solution - Respiratory (inhalation), Aerosol, metered, Aerosol, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Solution, Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Intrabronchial, Solution - Intrabronchial, Aerosol, metered - Oral, Occlusive dressing technique, Syrup - Occlusive dressing technique, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Solution - Intravenous, Intravenous, Powder, Powder - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid, Liquid - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Intravenous, Liquid - Intramuscular, Intramuscular, Capsule - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Oral, Capsule, Solution - Intramuscular, Spray, metered, Powder, metered, Powder, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Spray, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant, Aerosol, spray - Oral, Aerosol, spray, Spray, Spray - Oral, Aerosol, metered - Intrabronchial, Nasal, Solution - Nasal, Solution - Oral, Inhalant - Nasal, Inhalant - Oral
Bronchitis, Chronic
2.0 mg/mL, , 2.5 mg/mL, 0.09 mg, 3.0 mg/mL, 2.0 mg, 4.0 mg, 8.0 mg, 0.75 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, 25.0 mg/mL, 0.63 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.108 mg, 5.0 mg/mL, 2.4 mg, 0.045 mg, 3.0 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.83 mg/mL, 0.12 mg, 4.8 mg, 0.00009 mg/mg, 1.0 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/dose, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/pump actuation, 0.097 mg/pump actuation, 0.1 mg/pump actuation, 0.4 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.12 mg/pump actuation
, Oral, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Respiratory (inhalation), Solution - Respiratory (inhalation), Aerosol, metered, Aerosol, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Solution, Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Intrabronchial, Solution - Intrabronchial, Aerosol, metered - Oral, Occlusive dressing technique, Syrup - Occlusive dressing technique, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Solution - Intravenous, Intravenous, Powder, Powder - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid, Liquid - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Intravenous, Liquid - Intramuscular, Intramuscular, Capsule - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Oral, Capsule, Solution - Intramuscular, Spray, metered, Powder, metered, Powder, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Spray, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant, Aerosol, spray - Oral, Aerosol, spray, Spray, Spray - Oral, Aerosol, metered - Intrabronchial, Nasal, Solution - Nasal, Solution - Oral, Inhalant - Nasal, Inhalant - Oral
prophylaxis of Bronchospasm
2.0 mg/mL, , 2.5 mg/mL, 0.09 mg, 3.0 mg/mL, 2.0 mg, 4.0 mg, 8.0 mg, 0.75 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, 25.0 mg/mL, 0.63 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.108 mg, 5.0 mg/mL, 2.4 mg, 0.045 mg, 3.0 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.83 mg/mL, 0.12 mg, 4.8 mg, 0.00009 mg/mg, 1.0 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/dose, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/pump actuation, 0.097 mg/pump actuation, 0.1 mg/pump actuation, 0.4 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.12 mg/pump actuation
, Oral, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Respiratory (inhalation), Solution - Respiratory (inhalation), Aerosol, metered, Aerosol, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Solution, Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Intrabronchial, Solution - Intrabronchial, Aerosol, metered - Oral, Occlusive dressing technique, Syrup - Occlusive dressing technique, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Solution - Intravenous, Intravenous, Powder, Powder - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid, Liquid - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Intravenous, Liquid - Intramuscular, Intramuscular, Capsule - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Oral, Capsule, Solution - Intramuscular, Spray, metered, Powder, metered, Powder, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Spray, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant, Aerosol, spray - Oral, Aerosol, spray, Spray, Spray - Oral, Aerosol, metered - Intrabronchial, Nasal, Solution - Nasal, Solution - Oral, Inhalant - Nasal, Inhalant - Oral
Asthma, Exercise-Induced
2.0 mg/mL, , 2.5 mg/mL, 0.09 mg, 3.0 mg/mL, 2.0 mg, 4.0 mg, 8.0 mg, 0.75 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, 25.0 mg/mL, 0.63 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.108 mg, 5.0 mg/mL, 2.4 mg, 0.045 mg, 3.0 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.83 mg/mL, 0.12 mg, 4.8 mg, 0.00009 mg/mg, 1.0 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/dose, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/pump actuation, 0.097 mg/pump actuation, 0.1 mg/pump actuation, 0.4 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.12 mg/pump actuation
, Oral, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Respiratory (inhalation), Solution - Respiratory (inhalation), Aerosol, metered, Aerosol, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Solution, Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Intrabronchial, Solution - Intrabronchial, Aerosol, metered - Oral, Occlusive dressing technique, Syrup - Occlusive dressing technique, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Solution - Intravenous, Intravenous, Powder, Powder - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid, Liquid - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Intravenous, Liquid - Intramuscular, Intramuscular, Capsule - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Oral, Capsule, Solution - Intramuscular, Spray, metered, Powder, metered, Powder, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Spray, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant, Aerosol, spray - Oral, Aerosol, spray, Spray, Spray - Oral, Aerosol, metered - Intrabronchial, Nasal, Solution - Nasal, Solution - Oral, Inhalant - Nasal, Inhalant - Oral
Asthma
2.0 mg/mL, , 2.5 mg/mL, 0.09 mg, 3.0 mg/mL, 2.0 mg, 4.0 mg, 8.0 mg, 0.75 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, 25.0 mg/mL, 0.63 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.108 mg, 5.0 mg/mL, 2.4 mg, 0.045 mg, 3.0 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.83 mg/mL, 0.12 mg, 4.8 mg, 0.00009 mg/mg, 1.0 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/dose, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/pump actuation, 0.097 mg/pump actuation, 0.1 mg/pump actuation, 0.4 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.12 mg/pump actuation
, Oral, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Respiratory (inhalation), Solution - Respiratory (inhalation), Aerosol, metered, Aerosol, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Solution, Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Intrabronchial, Solution - Intrabronchial, Aerosol, metered - Oral, Occlusive dressing technique, Syrup - Occlusive dressing technique, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Solution - Intravenous, Intravenous, Powder, Powder - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid, Liquid - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Intravenous, Liquid - Intramuscular, Intramuscular, Capsule - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Oral, Capsule, Solution - Intramuscular, Spray, metered, Powder, metered, Powder, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Spray, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant, Aerosol, spray - Oral, Aerosol, spray, Spray, Spray - Oral, Aerosol, metered - Intrabronchial, Nasal, Solution - Nasal, Solution - Oral, Inhalant - Nasal, Inhalant - Oral
Airway secretion clearance therapy
2.0 mg/mL, , 2.5 mg/mL, 0.09 mg, 3.0 mg/mL, 2.0 mg, 4.0 mg, 8.0 mg, 0.75 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, 25.0 mg/mL, 0.63 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.108 mg, 5.0 mg/mL, 2.4 mg, 0.045 mg, 3.0 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.83 mg/mL, 0.12 mg, 4.8 mg, 0.00009 mg/mg, 1.0 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/dose, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/pump actuation, 0.097 mg/pump actuation, 0.1 mg/pump actuation, 0.4 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.12 mg/pump actuation
, Oral, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Respiratory (inhalation), Solution - Respiratory (inhalation), Aerosol, metered, Aerosol, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Solution, Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Intrabronchial, Solution - Intrabronchial, Aerosol, metered - Oral, Occlusive dressing technique, Syrup - Occlusive dressing technique, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Solution - Intravenous, Intravenous, Powder, Powder - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid, Liquid - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Intravenous, Liquid - Intramuscular, Intramuscular, Capsule - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Oral, Capsule, Solution - Intramuscular, Spray, metered, Powder, metered, Powder, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Spray, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant, Aerosol, spray - Oral, Aerosol, spray, Spray, Spray - Oral, Aerosol, metered - Intrabronchial, Nasal, Solution - Nasal, Solution - Oral, Inhalant - Nasal, Inhalant - Oral
Bronchodilator Agents
2.0 mg/mL, , 2.5 mg/mL, 0.09 mg, 3.0 mg/mL, 2.0 mg, 4.0 mg, 8.0 mg, 0.75 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, 25.0 mg/mL, 0.63 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.108 mg, 5.0 mg/mL, 2.4 mg, 0.045 mg, 3.0 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.83 mg/mL, 0.12 mg, 4.8 mg, 0.00009 mg/mg, 1.0 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/dose, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/pump actuation, 0.097 mg/pump actuation, 0.1 mg/pump actuation, 0.4 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.12 mg/pump actuation
, Oral, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Respiratory (inhalation), Solution - Respiratory (inhalation), Aerosol, metered, Aerosol, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Solution, Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Intrabronchial, Solution - Intrabronchial, Aerosol, metered - Oral, Occlusive dressing technique, Syrup - Occlusive dressing technique, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Solution - Intravenous, Intravenous, Powder, Powder - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid, Liquid - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Intravenous, Liquid - Intramuscular, Intramuscular, Capsule - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Oral, Capsule, Solution - Intramuscular, Spray, metered, Powder, metered, Powder, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Spray, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant, Aerosol, spray - Oral, Aerosol, spray, Spray, Spray - Oral, Aerosol, metered - Intrabronchial, Nasal, Solution - Nasal, Solution - Oral, Inhalant - Nasal, Inhalant - Oral
Bronchodilation
2.0 mg/mL, , 2.5 mg/mL, 0.09 mg, 3.0 mg/mL, 2.0 mg, 4.0 mg, 8.0 mg, 0.75 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, 25.0 mg/mL, 0.63 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.108 mg, 5.0 mg/mL, 2.4 mg, 0.045 mg, 3.0 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.83 mg/mL, 0.12 mg, 4.8 mg, 0.00009 mg/mg, 1.0 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/dose, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/pump actuation, 0.097 mg/pump actuation, 0.1 mg/pump actuation, 0.4 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.12 mg/pump actuation
, Oral, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Respiratory (inhalation), Solution - Respiratory (inhalation), Aerosol, metered, Aerosol, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Solution, Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Intrabronchial, Solution - Intrabronchial, Aerosol, metered - Oral, Occlusive dressing technique, Syrup - Occlusive dressing technique, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Solution - Intravenous, Intravenous, Powder, Powder - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid, Liquid - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Intravenous, Liquid - Intramuscular, Intramuscular, Capsule - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Oral, Capsule, Solution - Intramuscular, Spray, metered, Powder, metered, Powder, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Spray, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant, Aerosol, spray - Oral, Aerosol, spray, Spray, Spray - Oral, Aerosol, metered - Intrabronchial, Nasal, Solution - Nasal, Solution - Oral, Inhalant - Nasal, Inhalant - Oral
excess mucus or phlegm
2.0 mg/mL, , 2.5 mg/mL, 0.09 mg, 3.0 mg/mL, 2.0 mg, 4.0 mg, 8.0 mg, 0.75 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, 25.0 mg/mL, 0.63 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.108 mg, 5.0 mg/mL, 2.4 mg, 0.045 mg, 3.0 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.83 mg/mL, 0.12 mg, 4.8 mg, 0.00009 mg/mg, 1.0 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/dose, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/pump actuation, 0.097 mg/pump actuation, 0.1 mg/pump actuation, 0.4 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.12 mg/pump actuation
, Oral, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Respiratory (inhalation), Solution - Respiratory (inhalation), Aerosol, metered, Aerosol, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Solution, Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Intrabronchial, Solution - Intrabronchial, Aerosol, metered - Oral, Occlusive dressing technique, Syrup - Occlusive dressing technique, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Solution - Intravenous, Intravenous, Powder, Powder - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid, Liquid - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Intravenous, Liquid - Intramuscular, Intramuscular, Capsule - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Oral, Capsule, Solution - Intramuscular, Spray, metered, Powder, metered, Powder, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Spray, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant, Aerosol, spray - Oral, Aerosol, spray, Spray, Spray - Oral, Aerosol, metered - Intrabronchial, Nasal, Solution - Nasal, Solution - Oral, Inhalant - Nasal, Inhalant - Oral
Bronchospasm, Exercise-Induced
2.0 mg/mL, , 2.5 mg/mL, 0.09 mg, 3.0 mg/mL, 2.0 mg, 4.0 mg, 8.0 mg, 0.75 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, 25.0 mg/mL, 0.63 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.108 mg, 5.0 mg/mL, 2.4 mg, 0.045 mg, 3.0 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.83 mg/mL, 0.12 mg, 4.8 mg, 0.00009 mg/mg, 1.0 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/dose, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/pump actuation, 0.097 mg/pump actuation, 0.1 mg/pump actuation, 0.4 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.12 mg/pump actuation
, Oral, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Respiratory (inhalation), Solution - Respiratory (inhalation), Aerosol, metered, Aerosol, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Solution, Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Intrabronchial, Solution - Intrabronchial, Aerosol, metered - Oral, Occlusive dressing technique, Syrup - Occlusive dressing technique, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Solution - Intravenous, Intravenous, Powder, Powder - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid, Liquid - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Intravenous, Liquid - Intramuscular, Intramuscular, Capsule - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Oral, Capsule, Solution - Intramuscular, Spray, metered, Powder, metered, Powder, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Spray, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant, Aerosol, spray - Oral, Aerosol, spray, Spray, Spray - Oral, Aerosol, metered - Intrabronchial, Nasal, Solution - Nasal, Solution - Oral, Inhalant - Nasal, Inhalant - Oral
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
2.0 mg/mL, , 2.5 mg/mL, 0.09 mg, 3.0 mg/mL, 2.0 mg, 4.0 mg, 8.0 mg, 0.75 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, 25.0 mg/mL, 0.63 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.108 mg, 5.0 mg/mL, 2.4 mg, 0.045 mg, 3.0 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.83 mg/mL, 0.12 mg, 4.8 mg, 0.00009 mg/mg, 1.0 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/dose, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/pump actuation, 0.097 mg/pump actuation, 0.1 mg/pump actuation, 0.4 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, 0.12 mg/pump actuation
, Oral, Syrup, Syrup - Oral, Respiratory (inhalation), Solution - Respiratory (inhalation), Aerosol, metered, Aerosol, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Solution, Tablet, film coated, extended release, Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral, Intrabronchial, Solution - Intrabronchial, Aerosol, metered - Oral, Occlusive dressing technique, Syrup - Occlusive dressing technique, Tablet, extended release, Tablet, extended release - Oral, Solution - Intravenous, Intravenous, Powder, Powder - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid, Liquid - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Intravenous, Liquid - Intramuscular, Intramuscular, Capsule - Respiratory (inhalation), Liquid - Oral, Capsule, Solution - Intramuscular, Spray, metered, Powder, metered, Powder, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Spray, metered - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant - Respiratory (inhalation), Inhalant, Aerosol, spray - Oral, Aerosol, spray, Spray, Spray - Oral, Aerosol, metered - Intrabronchial, Nasal, Solution - Nasal, Solution - Oral, Inhalant - Nasal, Inhalant - Oral
Warnings
There are 20 known major drug interactions with Ventolin Rotacaps.
Common Ventolin Rotacaps Drug Interactions
Drug Name
Risk Level
Description
Hydroxyzine
Major
The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Salbutamol is combined with Hydroxyzine.
Mobocertinib
Major
The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Salbutamol is combined with Mobocertinib.
Ziprasidone
Major
The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Salbutamol is combined with Ziprasidone.
1-benzylimidazole
Minor
The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Salbutamol is combined with 1-benzylimidazole.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine
Minor
The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Salbutamol is combined with 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine.
Ventolin Rotacaps Toxicity & Overdose Risk
Taking too much Albuterol can lead to symptoms such as seizures, chest pain, high or low blood pressure, very fast heartbeat, nervousness, headaches, tremors, muscle cramps, dry mouth, palpitations, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, restlessness, difficulty sleeping, high blood sugar, low potassium, and acidosis. There have also been reports of birth defects in animals exposed to Albuterol during pregnancy. Nursing mothers should talk to their doctor before using Albuterol. It is not recommended for young children under the age of 4 due to lack of research. Elderly patients should start
Ventolin Rotacaps Novel Uses: Which Conditions Have a Clinical Trial Featuring Ventolin Rotacaps?
383 active clinical trials are currently in progress to assess the potential of Ventolin Rotacaps in alleviating Respiratory Tract Infections, Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
Condition
Clinical Trials
Trial Phases
Bronchospasm, Exercise-Induced
0 Actively Recruiting
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
72 Actively Recruiting
Phase 3, Phase 1, Phase 2, Not Applicable, Early Phase 1, Phase 4
Asthma
86 Actively Recruiting
Phase 1, Phase 4, Early Phase 1, Not Applicable, Phase 2, Phase 3
prophylaxis of Bronchospasm
0 Actively Recruiting
Influenza
28 Actively Recruiting
Not Applicable, Phase 4, Phase 2, Phase 1, Phase 3
Hyperkalemia
4 Actively Recruiting
Phase 3, Not Applicable, Phase 2, Phase 1
Bronchitis, Chronic
0 Actively Recruiting
excess mucus or phlegm
0 Actively Recruiting
Bronchodilator Agents
0 Actively Recruiting
Pneumonia
17 Actively Recruiting
Not Applicable, Early Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 4
Bronchial Spasm
0 Actively Recruiting
Asthma
1 Actively Recruiting
Phase 2
Airway secretion clearance therapy
0 Actively Recruiting
Respiratory Sounds
4 Actively Recruiting
Phase 2, Phase 3
Asthma
1 Actively Recruiting
Phase 4
Asthma, Exercise-Induced
0 Actively Recruiting
Emphysema
4 Actively Recruiting
Phase 2, Not Applicable
Bronchitis
0 Actively Recruiting
Acute Bronchitis
8 Actively Recruiting
Phase 4, Not Applicable, Phase 3, Early Phase 1
Bronchodilation
0 Actively Recruiting
Ventolin Rotacaps Reviews: What are patients saying about Ventolin Rotacaps?
5
Patient Review
6/7/2009
Ventolin Rotacaps for Asthma
5
Patient Review
9/16/2008
Ventolin Rotacaps for Bronchitis
5
Patient Review
10/26/2011
Ventolin Rotacaps for Asthma
Patient Q&A Section about ventolin rotacaps
These questions and answers are submitted by anonymous patients, and have not been verified by our internal team.
How do you take Ventolin Rotacap?
"Adults: 200-400 micrograms of Rotacaps inhaled 3 or 4 times daily via Rotahaler. The maximum dose in 24 hours is 12 Rotacaps. Children (to 12 years): 200 micrograms of Rotacaps inhaled 3 or 4 times daily via Rotahaler. The maximum dose in 24 hours is 6 Rotacaps."
Answered by AI
Is Rotacaps a steroid?
"Foracort 200 Rotacap is a combination of two medicines: Formoterol and Budesonide. Formoterol is a long-acting bronchodilator which works by relaxing the muscles in the airways and widens the airways. Budesonide is a steroid."
Answered by AI
Is Ventolin tablet a steroid?
"Ventolin does not contain steroids. The active ingredient, albuterol, is a bronchodilator that relaxes the smooth muscle in the airways, allowing air to flow in and out of the lungs more easily."
Answered by AI
What is the side effects of Rotacaps inhaler?
"headache, nausea, feeling shaky or tense, heart beating faster than usual, feeling 'warm', mouth or throat irritation"
Answered by AI