Ketamine Hydrochloride

General Anesthesia, Induction and Maintenance of General Anesthesia

Treatment

2 FDA approvals

1 Active Study for Ketamine Hydrochloride

Treatment for

General Anesthesia

What is Ketamine Hydrochloride

Ketamine

The Generic name of this drug

Treatment Summary

Ketamine is a medication used as an anesthetic for minor surgeries, particularly those performed on children. It was developed in 1963 as an alternative to phencyclidine (PCP). Ketamine has been proven to produce fewer hallucinogenic and psychotomimetic effects than PCP, and was approved by the FDA in 1970. It is largely used in veterinary medicine, but is also used for human anesthetic purposes.

Ketalar

is the brand name

image of different drug pills on a surface

Ketamine Hydrochloride Overview & Background

Brand Name

Generic Name

First FDA Approval

How many FDA approvals?

Ketalar

Ketamine

1970

Approved as Treatment by the FDA

Ketamine, also called Ketalar, is approved by the FDA for 2 uses including Induction and Maintenance of General Anesthesia and General Anesthesia .

Induction and Maintenance of General Anesthesia

General Anesthesia

Effectiveness

How Ketamine Hydrochloride Affects Patients

Ketamine is a fast-acting anesthetic that is used to produce a state of deep pain relief, normal muscle tone, and stimulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. It is sometimes referred to as “dissociative anesthesia” because it appears to interrupt the pathways of the brain that are involved in sensation, while still keeping the more primitive parts of the brain active. Ketamine can also act as an antidepressive by stimulating serotonin pathways, and it can reduce pain by preventing central sensitization in the spinal cord and by inhibiting nitric oxide production. However, it can cause some changes to the cardiovascular system and

How Ketamine Hydrochloride works in the body

Ketamine interacts with a variety of receptors in the body, including those for opioids, certain neurotransmitters, and calcium ions. It does not affect the GABA receptors like other anesthetics do.

When to interrupt dosage

The measure of Ketamine Hydrochloride is contingent upon the identified disorder. The dosage likewise shifts regarding the method of delivery featured in the table beneath.

Condition

Dosage

Administration

General Anesthesia

, 50.0 mg/mL, 100.0 mg/mL, 10.0 mg/mL, 1.0 mg/mL, 25.0 mg

Injection, solution, concentrate, , Intramuscular; Intravenous, Injection, solution, concentrate - Intramuscular; Intravenous, Solution, Solution - Intramuscular; Intravenous, Injection, Injection - Intramuscular; Intravenous, Injection, solution, Injection, solution - Intramuscular; Intravenous, Topical, Cream, Cream - Topical, Troche - Sublingual, Sublingual, Troche

Induction and Maintenance of General Anesthesia

, 50.0 mg/mL, 100.0 mg/mL, 10.0 mg/mL, 1.0 mg/mL, 25.0 mg

Warnings

Ketamine Hydrochloride Contraindications

Condition

Risk Level

Notes

Vascular Diseases

Do Not Combine

Hypertensive disease

Do Not Combine

Stroke

Do Not Combine

Arteriovenous Malformations

Do Not Combine

Severe Hypersensitivity Reactions

Do Not Combine

Ketamine may interact with Pulse Frequency

There are 20 known major drug interactions with Ketamine Hydrochloride.

Common Ketamine Hydrochloride Drug Interactions

Drug Name

Risk Level

Description

Azelastine

Major

Ketamine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Azelastine.

Brigatinib

Major

The metabolism of Brigatinib can be decreased when combined with Ketamine.

Cabazitaxel

Major

The metabolism of Cabazitaxel can be decreased when combined with Ketamine.

Capmatinib

Major

The serum concentration of Capmatinib can be decreased when it is combined with Ketamine.

Cyclophosphamide

Major

The metabolism of Cyclophosphamide can be decreased when combined with Ketamine.

Ketamine Hydrochloride Toxicity & Overdose Risk

Taking ketamine for more than 3 hours may cause cognitive problems due to the drug blocking NMDA receptors and causing cell death in the brain. There have been no studies to examine its effects on cancer or fertility, but it has been found to be a cause of genetic abnormalities and to not have an effect on fertility.