Haptic and Visual Feedback for Spastic

Spasticity is a complex and sometimes unpredictable disorder of nerve-sparing and often chronic conditions that may have multiple causes and an unknown natural history. It is sometimes considered a'spasticity syndrome' in place of an actual disorder in medical textbooks. The term'spasticity' means spasticity, spastic muscular rigidity, stretching (spasticity) or tightening (spasticity) of a stretch. The causes remain a mystery. Spasticity is more common in the young and old, and is typically less severe in women than men. Spasticity may be considered to be a 'neurasthenic disease'.

In the absence of objective findings, a presumptive diagnosis can be made when a person has the following features. Although these signs cannot be assumed to have any specific etiology, they could be caused by spastic paralysis of a limb, which is the most common of these etiologies, and must be considered when making a presumptive diagnosis.

The most common treatment for spastic hemiplegia is passive range of motion training, followed by physiotherapy and splinting. Surgical techniques are used in case of refractory spasticity. Intramuscular injections, such as botulinum toxin, may be used to alleviate symptoms after long-refractory spasticity. Functional electrical stimulation may be another possible treatment option for certain subtypes of Spastic paralysis. Further studies should be conducted to determine if this therapy has an effect on the spasticity.

Only limited evidence, mostly anecdotal, was available to assess the question whether spasticity can be cured. In one small study, spastic was reduced by over 50% in one patient, and one single study examined the efficacy of an antispastic agent. There is a paucity of research that specifically addresses spastic recovery, which will probably require a large controlled prospective study to establish its efficacy.

Spasticity is the persistence of exaggerated stretch reflexes after a contractions is released. A child with spasticity may exhibit a shortened stretch phase of a voluntary contraction (known as a shortened stretch phase in spasticity) and may also show lengthened stretch reflex latency. A full understanding of spasticity is necessary, especially in neurologically compromised children.

About 1 in 10 adults with AS has spasticity resulting in a fall and a need for a medical exam. If a fall does occur due to spasticity, the risk of a catastrophic injury is increased by 70% to 100%.

The haptic effect was probably the main reason for participants preferring visual displays in the first two years of the experiment. This is not the case for older participants however. The haptic effect was not associated with a preference for visual display mode over the telephone.

Current clinical trials seem to provide a positive response to treatment, but many patients do not enroll in such trials because of uncertainty on eligibility. This uncertainty is because patients know that they are not appropriate for inclusion in any trial. In addition, enrollment on ongoing studies may result in patients being subjected to treatment that is not indicated in their clinical diagnosis, and can be harmful to the patient if they choose to enroll. Clinical trials require large samples to evaluate efficacy in different subpopulations, but the lack of a sufficient number of patients interested in participating in trials as well as the high costs of such trials to run hinder the success of clinical trials in terms of enrollment.

We summarize the key findings in [the latest spastic studies] as follows: (a) Spastic is a common condition. A national study in the United States suggests that it affects approximately 4 in 10 people by definition (b) Nearly half the population of persons with spastic experiences some loss of motor function and 20 percent experience severe loss of motor function. [c] Many of the most effective treatments for spastic are also treatments that are effective in treating [motor symptoms in other movement disorders] (d) New pharmacologic treatments for spastic have emerged and seem promising. Most of these treatments seem to be more effective than medications that treat [motor symptoms].

Neither haptic or visual/fourer feedback was found better at improving spasticity in cerebral palsy spastic diplegic boys with cerebral palsy. However, there was a trend in favour of the haptic group.

Results from a recent clinical trial of our study show that the use of haptic and/or visual feedback for hand-reaching is not superior to free-reaching when both groups are enrolled, in two homogeneous groups of individuals with upper limb spasticity.