Risdiplam for Spinal Muscular Atrophy(WeSMA Trial)

"Atrophy may occur in patients with normal intelligence and without dementia who have a history of alcohol abuse. Patients with atrophy also develop a behavioral pattern of alcohol abuse. It is necessary to examine neuropsychological tests in patients with atrophy in order to identify whether their pattern of neuropsychological decline can be associated with the development of atrophy."

"Patients with atrophy should be carefully monitored with serial medical imaging for progression of atrophy or recurrence of the pathology. In most patients, atrophy does not respond to or will recur after atrophy therapy; however, a few patients may show sustained or improved atrophy after atrophy therapy, which may help them to attain a higher quality of life. The natural history of atrophy warrants further research and attention."

"Atrophy is an ongoing process that may result from aging or be the result of pathological events such as chronic kidney disease, systemic vasculitis, and some types of cancer."

"There is no single sign that indicates that an organ is at risk of atrophy. Rather, subtle changes that progress over time may alert health professionals to the possibility of a problem. These changes include loss of body surface area (e.g., thigh muscle wasting or muscle twirling); loss of lean body mass; and loss of strength. These changes often precede the development of a nutritional, biochemical, or physiological imbalance. When evaluating a patient with unexplained weight loss, it is also important to consider the changes in nutrition and activity that are commonly associated with muscle wasting (e.g., a sedentary or anorexic patient). Appropriate assessment for these changes helps to identify potential causes of atrophy for treatment."

"Atrophy can be treated in a variety of ways. One common therapy is deep brain stimulation and is typically used to treat Parkinson's disease and dystonia."

"About 3 million to 4 million US residents had severe AA changes in 2005. These individuals have a 30 to 40% greater risk of dying by year 10 compared with the group at risk for AA changes not affected by atrophy. The greatest increase in risk is among individuals with more severe atrophy changes, a finding consistent with current perspectives on the natural history of AA."

"Patients with severe atrophy appear to be the most severely affected with a high risk for developing chronic kidney disease. These patients should be identified and advised."

"It seems that the research on atrophy is an active area of research, which needs more studies and trials. There are many things to study, such as causes, diagnostics, treatments, and side effects. Currently, one of the ways of diagnosing atrophy is by studying the changes in the muscle mass or the changes in the muscle fibers. Current research seems to show that atrophy is related to many different factors, especially with nutrition and some medications, and we want to learn more about these factors, such as nutrition, how to control it (dietary management), how to treat it (drugs), and how it causes the atrophy differently."

"Despite no contraindications for risdiplam, subjects taking risdiplam need to be monitored carefully due to a risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. In contrast, some subjects taking risdiplam for more than 3 months do not need routine monitoring and their use is justified."

"When considering the need for new therapeutic approaches to diabetic retinopathy, it is important to remember that retinal damage is a progressive and time-dependent process. Therefore it is equally important to consider the timing and type of treatment used."

"Atrophy is an established indication for which risdiplam has been used therapeutically. There is evidence that risdiplam may be useful for treating atrophotic acne scars when given for 24 weeks to individuals who require more skin tightening than can be achieved by the use of only the atrophotic collagen inducer, tridecyl sulfosuccinic acid (CISSA). Atrophic scars are commonly found on the cheeks, chest, stomach, and arms of patients ages 20 to 40 years old, although other areas can have atrophic scars as well. Although, it remains unclear what role risdiplam may play in atrophic acne scars, it may be a possible treatment option for some scars."

"Risdiplam is a drug used to treat superficial fungal infections. It consists of three ingredients, and can be classified in an oral, topical, and intravenous form. The oral form is not useful in CLL. In all forms, risdiplam causes an increase in retinal ganglion cells by inducing apoptosis, particularly in photoreceptor cells. This increase was more pronounced in the intravenous form than in the topical form. The mechanism of action of risdiplam in CLL has not been fully elucidated."

"Affirmative, clinicaltrials.gov provides evidence that this investigation is actively enrolling participants. This study was first publicised on March 29th 2022 and has been recently updated as of November 22nd 2022. 500 individuals must be recruited from 14 different sites for the trial to succeed."

"This medical trial is being conducted in the cities of Cincinnati, New York, and Round Rock with additional sites spread across all other 14 locations. Specifically, it is based out of Cincinnati Childrens Hospital in Ohio, Columbia University Med Center in New York City and Central Texasn Ohio, Columbia University Med Center in New York City and Central Texas Neurology Consultants in Texas respectively."

"This medical study necessitates 500 participants, who comply with the given criteria for participation. The trial is being held across multiple centres, including Cincinnati Childrens Hospital in Ohio and Columbia University Med Center in New Yorkn Ohio and Columbia University Med Center in New York City."

"As this is an authorized Phase 4 trial, we consider Risdiplam to be highly safe and score it a 3 on our 1-3 scale."