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Miralax vs Kristalose
Introduction
For individuals dealing with chronic constipation or irregular bowel movements, certain laxatives that increase the water content in the stool can help facilitate regularity and ease discomfort. Miralax and Kristalose are two such drugs commonly prescribed for this purpose. Both have a similar effect on bowel movement but work in slightly different ways.
Miralax is an osmotic-type laxative that works by holding water in the stool to soften it, making it more comfortable to pass. It's often recommended for short-term treatment of chronic constipation or for bowel preparation before surgeries or procedures.
On the other hand, Kristalose is classified as a hyperosmolar laxative. It contains lactulose which not only helps draw water into the colon to speed up the passage of stool but also changes the acidity level of stools, discouraging growth of certain bacteria in the colon linked with severe liver disease (hepatic encephalopathy). The choice between these two will depend on your individual symptoms and medical conditions.
What is Miralax?
Polyethylene glycol 3350 (the generic name for Miralax) is an osmotic laxative that works by increasing the water content in your stool, making it softer and easier to pass. It's commonly used for short-term treatment of occasional constipation. This medication was first approved by the FDA in 1999 and can be purchased over-the-counter without a prescription.
On the other hand, lactulose (the generic name for Kristalose) is a synthetic sugar used to treat constipation. Similar to Miralax, it also increases water content in the stool but does so through different mechanisms: it’s metabolized by bacteria within your colon into substances that pull water from your body into your bowels. Unlike Miralax, Kristalose requires a prescription and has been on the market since 1977.
Both medications are generally well tolerated; however, some users may experience side effects such as bloating or gas due to increased fermentation within their intestines caused by these drugs.
What conditions is Miralax approved to treat?
Miralax is approved for the treatment of varied forms of constipation:
- Occasional constipation
- Chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC)
- Constipation associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
On the other hand, Kristalose is specifically used to treat:
- Chronic or occasional constipation
- Hepatic encephalopathy, a decrease in brain function that occurs when the liver isn't able to remove toxins from the blood.
How does Miralax help with these illnesses?
Miralax aids in managing constipation by increasing the amount of water in the intestinal tract to stimulate bowel movements. It does this by holding water in the stool to soften it and increase its volume, which helps cause movement of the intestines. Water is a vital component that ensures our digestive system functions correctly, playing an important role in breaking down what we eat and drink into nutrients for our bodies. In cases of chronic constipation, individuals often have relatively lower levels of fluid in their stools. Therefore, by pulling more water into the colon from surrounding body tissues, Miralax can limit discomfort associated with hard or infrequent stools and help patients manage their condition effectively.
What is Kristalose?
Kristalose is a brand name for lactulose, a synthetic sugar used to treat constipation. It's classified as an osmotic laxative, meaning it works by increasing the amount of water in the stool, making bowel movements easier and more regular. Lactulose was first approved by the FDA in 1976. Unlike stimulant laxatives like bisacodyl or senna which trigger muscle contractions in the intestines, Kristalose doesn't cause these potentially uncomfortable sensations but instead facilitates natural bowel movement through its water-retaining properties. Its side-effect profile can be different from other laxatives such as Miralax (polyethylene glycol), particularly that it does not lead to electrolyte imbalance or dehydration when taken properly. The effects of lactulose can be beneficial for treating chronic constipation especially in patients who prefer a gentler approach than stimulant laxatives.
What conditions is Kristalose approved to treat?
Kristalose is a prescription medication that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating chronic constipation. It can also be used to manage hepatic encephalopathy, a condition associated with severe liver disease which impacts mental function. Kristalose works by drawing water into the intestine, resulting in softer stools and promoting bowel movements.
How does Kristalose help with these illnesses?
Just like Miralax, Kristalose works by drawing water into the colon, which softens stools and increases bowel movements. This action effectively eases constipation symptoms and promotes regularity. However, Kristalose has its unique features that differentiate it from other treatments for constipation such as Miralax. It is a powder-based medication that comes from lactulose, a synthetic sugar used in treating chronic idiopathic constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. As Kristalose travels through your digestive system, it remains relatively unabsorbed until it reaches the large intestine where bacteria break it down to release lactic acid and acetic acid – these acids draw in more water into the colon to soften stool further. The breakdown of this medication also helps reduce ammonia levels in the blood - an added benefit when managing hepatic encephalopathy alongside constipation issues related to liver disease.
How effective are both Miralax and Kristalose?
Both polyethylene glycol 3350 (MiraLAX) and lactulose (Kristalose) have solid track records in the management of constipation, with both having received FDA approval several decades ago. They function differently within the body but share a common goal: to increase water content in the intestines, facilitating easier bowel movements. A direct comparative study conducted in 2007 revealed that these two medications demonstrated similar efficacy in managing symptoms of chronic constipation, with comparable safety profiles.
A review carried out in 2011 on MiraLAX showed it was effective from its initial doses to alleviate constipation symptoms and has a favorable side effect profile compared to many other laxatives. It is also well-tolerated by various demographic groups including children and older adults. As an osmotic laxative, MiraLAX works by retaining water within stool making them softer and easier to pass; optimal results are usually seen at dosages around 17g per day.
In comparison, Kristalose seems more effective than placebo for treating constipation according to a meta-analysis performed in 2016. However, as with any medication used for symptomatic relief instead of disease modification or cure, its use is typically considered after lifestyle interventions such as increased fiber intake or exercise fail to provide sufficient relief. Significant research on Kristalose often involves additional treatment modalities being employed simultaneously so data confirming its efficacy as a stand-alone treatment is less robust than that available for MiraLAX. Nonetheless because lactulose also serves dual functions acting not only as a laxative but also helping reduce blood ammonia levels which can be useful especially among patients suffering from hepatic encephalopathy due its unique pharmacology it may be an ideal choice for individuals who have specific requirements like those needing reduction of blood ammonia along with alleviation from constipation.
At what dose is Miralax typically prescribed?
Oral dosages of Miralax typically range from 17g mixed in a beverage once a day, and this is generally sufficient for treating occasional constipation in most people. Children aged 2 years and older can also use Miralax but the dosage should be determined by a healthcare provider. If there's no response after several days, you should consult your doctor about potentially increasing the dose or switching medications. On the other hand, Kristalose comes in pre-measured packets of 10g, 20g and 40g strengths to dissolve in water or any clear liquid for oral administration which can be adjusted as per individual requirements under medical supervision. The maximum daily dosage that should not be exceeded is 40 g/day for adults while children's dose will vary depending on age and weight.
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At what dose is Kristalose typically prescribed?
Kristalose treatment usually begins at a dosage of 10–20 grams per day, which can be measured using the provided scoop. The dose can then be increased to 40 grams/day if needed, divided into two doses with an interval of about 8 hours. If there is no response to this treatment after several days, your doctor may advise you to increase the daily dose up to a maximum of 60 grams/day, divided into three doses each containing 20g and spaced approximately six hours apart. Always remember that increasing dosage should only be done under medical supervision.
What are the most common side effects for Miralax?
Common side effects of Miralax include:
- Bloating, gas or mild stomach upset
- Dizziness, headache
- Increased sweating
- Nausea
Meanwhile, Kristalose may cause some different side effects such as:
- Gas and bloating
- Stomach cramps
- Diarrhea
- Nausea and vomiting
If any of these symptoms persist or worsen when using either Miralax or Kristalose, immediate medical attention should be sought. It's important to remember that although they treat similar conditions (constipation), their formulation is different and thus their side-effect profiles differ as well. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting new medication.
Are there any potential serious side effects for Miralax?
While both Miralax and Kristalose are considered quite safe, they can occasionally cause adverse reactions. For Kristalose in particular:
- Signs of allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat
- Severe stomach pain or bloating
- Diarrhea that is watery or bloody (may indicate a serious condition)
- Unusual tiredness or weakness; feeling light-headed, like you might pass out
- Dehydration symptoms - dizziness, dry mouth or throat, excessive thirst accompanied by decreased urination
For Miralax:
- Allergic reactions such as rash; itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat); severe dizziness; trouble breathing.
- Persistent diarrhea
- Severe or worsening stomach/abdominal discomfort
- Blood/mucus in your stool
If any of these effects persist or worsen while taking either medication, you should contact your doctor immediately.
What are the most common side effects for Kristalose?
Kristalose, like other laxatives, can lead to certain side effects:
- Bloating or gas
- Stomach cramps
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Increased thirst
- Dizziness or fainting While it is not common, some people may experience severe diarrhea which could result in weight loss. In rare cases, persistent usage of Kristalose may cause muscle cramps due to electrolyte imbalance. As with any medication, if you notice unusual symptoms like confusion or a fast heartbeat after taking Kristalose consult your healthcare professional immediately.
Are there any potential serious side effects for Kristalose?
While Kristalose is generally well-tolerated, it can cause certain side effects in some individuals. Serious reactions are rare but may include:
- Signs of allergic reaction - hives, itching, fever, swollen glands
- Difficulty breathing or swelling in your face or throat
- Severe stomach/abdominal pain that doesn't go away
- Unusual changes in mood or behavior such as confusion
- Irregular heartbeat that feels too fast or too slow
- Dehydration symptoms - feeling very thirsty or hot, heavy sweating, hot and dry skin
Consult a healthcare professional immediately if you experience any of these symptoms after taking Kristalose.
Contraindications for Miralax and Kristalose?
Both Miralax and Kristalose, as with all laxatives, can potentially exacerbate symptoms of digestive issues in some individuals. If you notice your condition worsening or experience severe side effects such as bloody stools, severe diarrhea, or persistent stomach/abdominal pain after taking these medications, please seek immediate medical attention.
Neither Miralax nor Kristalose should be taken if you are suffering from certain conditions like bowel obstruction or kidney disease without consulting a healthcare professional. Always inform your physician about any medication or health supplements you are currently taking; this includes disclosing any history of kidney problems which may prevent the safe use of laxatives like Miralax and Kristalose. Furthermore, prolonged usage of these drugs should be avoided unless advised by the doctor since it might lead to dependence on laxatives for normal bowel movements.
How much do Miralax and Kristalose cost?
For the brand-name versions of these drugs:
- The price for a bottle of MiraLAX (238 g, which provides about 14 doses), averages around $24. This works out to about $1.70 per dose/day.
- A box containing 30 packets of Kristalose (10 g each) costs approximately $120, translating to roughly $4 per daily dose.
Thus, if you're taking one daily dose, brand-name MiraLax is less expensive on a per-day treatment basis than Kristalose. However, it's important to remember that cost should not be your primary consideration in determining which laxative is best suited for you; other factors such as efficacy and side effects are equally important.
As for generic versions — Polyethylene Glycol 3350 (the active ingredient in Miralax) and Lactulose (active ingredient in Kristalose):
- Generic Polyethylene Glycol can be had at a lower cost: A container with similar quantity as the branded version may range from $10 - $20 or approximately between $0.71 - $1.42/daily dose.
- On the other hand, generic Lactulose tends to retain high pricing due to fewer manufacturers producing this drug: Costs typically hover around the same price point as its branded counterpart or sometimes even higher.
In both cases though, prices can vary by pharmacy and location so it's always good practice to compare before making purchases.
Popularity of Miralax and Kristalose
Polyethylene glycol 3350, known by its brand name Miralax, was estimated to have been prescribed to about 6.3 million people in the US in 2020. This laxative accounted for approximately 15% of all prescriptions for constipation relief and maintenance of bowel regularity in the United States. It appears to be the most-common “osmotic” laxative (a class of drugs designed to help increase the amount of water in your intestines), with its usage generally increasing since it became available over-the-counter.
Lactulose, including brand versions such as Kristalose, was prescribed to around 2.8 million individuals in the USA during the same time period. In terms of prescription rates within this category of medication, lactulose accounts for just under a third at around 30%. Lactulose has remained fairly steady over recent years despite being an older drug on market compared to polyethylene glycol-based options like Miralax.
Conclusion
Both Miralax (polyethylene glycol 3350) and Kristalose (lactulose) are widely used in the treatment of constipation, with numerous clinical studies supporting their effectiveness over placebo. There may be instances where these drugs can be combined for increased efficacy, but this should always be under the careful supervision of a healthcare provider. They work differently to alleviate constipation; Miralax is an osmotic laxative that increases the amount of water in the intestinal tract to stimulate bowel movements, while Kristalose is a synthetic sugar that works by pulling water into the intestines which helps soften stools.
Both medications are available as generics, offering significant cost savings for patients who must pay out-of-pocket. Both Miralax and Kristalose may take some time to start working so patience might be required before effects become noticeable.
The side effect profile between both drugs is relatively similar - common ones include bloating, gas and diarrhea - although Kristalose has been associated more often with flatulence and abdominal cramping than Miralax. Patients should monitor any discomfort or symptoms when starting either medication and seek immediate medical assistance if they experience severe side effects such as persistent diarrhea or worsening stomach pain.