Adaptive Rowing Exercise for Spinal Cord Injury

Overseen By Elizabeth Regan

Age: 18+

Sex: Any

Trial Phase: Academic

Sponsor: University of South Carolina

Disqualifiers: Pressure wounds, Pain with rowing

No Placebo Group All trial participants will receive the active study treatment (no placebo)

Approved in 2 Jurisdictions This treatment is already approved in other countries

Compensation: Varies

Number of Visits: 2

15 Participants Needed

What You Need to Know Before You Apply

What is the purpose of this trial?

This trial tests a new adaptive rowing machine designed for people with spinal cord injuries. Researchers aim to assess the intensity of the exercise, the assistance users need for setup and use, and their satisfaction with the experience. Participants will engage in a one-time session, rowing twice for 10-15 minutes each, with a break in between. The trial suits individuals who use a wheelchair, can row with their arms, and possess enough grip strength to hold the handle. Participants should not have current pressure wounds or experience pain while rowing. As an unphased trial, this study provides a unique opportunity to contribute to innovative exercise solutions for individuals with spinal cord injuries.

Will I have to stop taking my current medications?

The trial information does not specify whether you need to stop taking your current medications.

What prior data suggests that this adaptive rower is safe for people with spinal cord injury?

Research shows that adaptive rowing exercises are safe and well-tolerated for people with spinal cord injuries. Studies have found that special rowing equipment designed for wheelchairs is both feasible and acceptable for users. This type of exercise has been tested over several weeks, and participants generally experienced no major side effects. The exercise aims to improve fitness and health, and evidence suggests it is a suitable and safe option for those with spinal cord injuries. ^{1 2 3 4 5}

Why are researchers excited about this trial?

Researchers are excited about adaptive rowing exercise for spinal cord injury because it offers a new way to promote physical activity and potentially improve mobility for individuals with this condition. Unlike traditional physical therapy or medication, this approach uses an adaptive rowing machine that can be tailored to each person's abilities, providing a more inclusive and engaging form of exercise. This method aims to improve cardiovascular health, muscle strength, and overall well-being in a way that is accessible and enjoyable, which could lead to better adherence and outcomes compared to standard rehabilitation exercises.

What evidence suggests that this adaptive rowing exercise is effective for spinal cord injury?

Research has shown that adaptive rowing exercises can benefit people with spinal cord injuries. In this trial, participants will engage in an exercise intervention using an adaptive rower. Studies have found that rowing modified for wheelchair users can improve fitness and health. Data from a six-week exercise program indicated that upper-body rowing is feasible and well-received by wheelchair users. An adapted rowing machine has been shown to help increase strength and endurance. This type of exercise supports overall health and may improve participants' quality of life. ^{1 2 3 6 7}

Are You a Good Fit for This Trial?

This trial is for individuals who use a wheelchair due to spinal cord injury and can perform the rowing motion with their arms. They must have sufficient grip strength (with or without assist straps) and be cleared to exercise by a questionnaire or physician. People with current pressure wounds or pain during rowing cannot participate.

Inclusion Criteria

I can hold onto a rower handle, with or without help from straps.

Are cleared to exercise through the electronic physical readiness questionnaire or physician release

I can perform the rowing motion with my arms.

Exclusion Criteria

I experience pain when I make a rowing motion.

I currently have pressure sores.

Timeline for a Trial Participant

Screening

Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial

1-2 weeks

Orientation and Training

Participants receive an orientation to the rowing machine and training in proper rowing technique and use of the rate of perceived exertion scale.

1 visit

1 visit (in-person)

Exercise Intervention

Participants complete a one-time exercise session with two adaptive rower bouts, including steady state and interval rowing plans.

1 session

1 visit (in-person)

Follow-up

Participants are monitored for any discomfort or pain two days post intervention.

2 days

What Are the Treatments Tested in This Trial?

Interventions

• Adaptive Rowing Exercise

Trial Overview The study tests an adaptive rower designed for people with spinal cord injuries. It evaluates how intense the workout is, what help they need to set up and use it, and their satisfaction levels. Participants will do two short exercise sessions on this equipment.

How Is the Trial Designed?

Group I: Single Group Intervention Arm Experimental Treatment 1 Intervention

Exercise intervention with adaptive rower

Who Is Running the Clinical Trial?

University of South Carolina

Lead Sponsor

Trials

233

Recruited

122,000+

Foundation for Physical Therapy, Inc.

Industry Sponsor

Trials

14

Recruited

510+

Published Research Related to This Trial

Upper-body rowing exercise for 12 weeks significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with spinal cord injury, as indicated by an increase in peak oxygen uptake from 15.1 to 17.5 mL/kg/min.

The exercise also led to an increase in resting brachial artery diameter, suggesting improved vascular health, although it had only modest effects on traditional cardiometabolic risk factors.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Rowing exercise increases cardiorespiratory fitness and brachial artery diameter but not traditional cardiometabolic risk factors in spinal cord-injured humans. Hansen, RK., Samani, A., Laessoe, U., et al.[2023]

The upper body rowing ergometer (UBRE) was validated for use in manual wheelchair users, showing comparable results to a standard arm cycle ergometer (ACE) during graded exercise tests.

After a 12-week intervention, participants using the UBRE increased their peak exercise power and duration, suggesting that rowing exercises may enhance shoulder muscle balance and reduce the risk of shoulder injuries, which are common in this population.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

An exercise trial targeting posterior shoulder strength in manual wheelchair users: pilot results and lessons learned. Troy, KL., Munce, TA., Longworth, JA.[2015]

In a study involving 10 individuals with thoracic spinal cord injury, 30 sessions of kayak ergometer training over 10 weeks led to significant improvements in various functional tests, including a 14% increase in sit-and-reach distance and a 10% improvement in bench transfers.

The training was safe, with no reported shoulder pain or other issues, and participants expressed positive experiences, suggesting that kayak ergometer training is a beneficial activity for enhancing mobility in individuals with spinal cord injuries.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Effects of kayak ergometer training on motor performance in paraplegics. Bjerkefors, A., Thorstensson, A.[2022]

A 12-week upper-body rowing exercise program significantly improved aerobic fitness in individuals with spinal cord injury, with participants maintaining these fitness gains at a 6-month follow-up.

The improvements in peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) and power output (POpeak) were sustained over the 6-month period, indicating the long-term benefits of this exercise intervention, while traditional cardiometabolic risk factors showed no significant changes.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Impact of upper-body ergometer rowing exercise on aerobic fitness and cardiometabolic disease risk in individuals with spinal cord injury: A 6-month follow-up study. Hansen, RK., Laessoe, U., Samani, A., et al.[2023]

Wheelchair users find exercise important for improving their physical and mental health, but face barriers due to a lack of accessible equipment; both the adaptive rowing ergometer (aROW) and arm crank ergometer (ACE) were found to be highly usable.

The aROW was perceived as more enjoyable and effective for cardiovascular exercise compared to the ACE, suggesting that its implementation in community gyms could enhance exercise participation and promote inclusion for wheelchair users.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Exploring exercise participation and the usability of the adaptive rower and arm crank ergometer through wheelchair users' perspectives. Wong, RN., Stewart, AL., Sawatzky, B., et al.[2022]

The adapted rower (aROW) and adapted skier (aSKI) machines were found to be highly usable and effective for providing cardiovascular workouts for wheelchair users, based on feedback from six participants who trialed the equipment.

While both machines were similarly rated for usability, participants reported more setup challenges with the aROW, and preferred instructional videos over written materials, indicating areas for improvement in user support.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Accessible exercise for wheelchair users: comparing the usability of two adapted exercise machines. Anderson, E., Baker, A., Borisoff, J., et al.[2023]

A 12-week progressive functional electric stimulation (FES) rowing training program significantly improved peak functional aerobic power in individuals with spinal cord injury, with peak oxygen consumption increasing by 11.2% and rowing distance by 25%.

The ROWSTIM II device was found to be safe and well-accepted by participants, demonstrating that FES-assisted rowing is an effective training method for enhancing aerobic capacity in this population.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Functional electric stimulation-assisted rowing: Increasing cardiovascular fitness through functional electric stimulation rowing training in persons with spinal cord injury. Wheeler, GD., Andrews, B., Lederer, R., et al.[2019]

Citations

1. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9054742/

Wheelchair-modified ergometer rowing exercise in ... Data from six weeks of exercise on the REMW suggests that upper-body rowing is a feasible and acceptable exercise modality for wheelchair users with SCI.

2. vbn.aau.dk vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/483635425/13436_3_merged_1650360781_accepted.pdf

Wheelchair-modified ergometer rowing exercise in ... Wheelchair-modified ergometer rowing exercise in individuals with spinal cord injury ... exercise on fitness and health of adults with spinal cord injury ...

3. clinicaltrials.gov clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05959837

Usability of the Adapted Rower for People With Spinal ... The goal of this clinical trial is to examine usability of a locally built adaptive rower for people with spinal cord injury using an established and tested ...

4. scispace.com scispace.com/pdf/wheelchair-modified-ergometer-rowing-exercise-in-individuals-3f6ykn7w.pdf

wheelchair-modified-ergometer-rowing-exercise-in- ... Wheelchair-modified ergometer rowing exercise in individuals with spinal cord injury ... fitness and health of adults with spinal cord injury ...

5. bmjopen.bmj.com bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/10/e040727

Effect of wheelchair-modified rowing exercise on ... The primary objective of this study is to determine the effects of 12 weeks of wheelchair user-modified upper-body rowing on both traditional (insulin ...

6. vbn.aau.dk vbn.aau.dk/files/483635425/13436_3_merged_1650360781_accepted.pdf

Wheelchair-modified ergometer rowing exercise in ... Wheelchair-modified ergometer rowing exercise in individuals with spinal cord injury ... exercise on fitness and health of adults with spinal cord injury ...

7. nature.com nature.com/articles/s41393-022-00757-2

Acute physiological comparison of sub-maximal exercise ... The objective of this study was to assess the oxygen uptake during exercise using the Adapted ROWing machine (AROW) compared to the more commonly used Arm ...