25 Participants Needed

Dairy vs Carbs vs Water for Bone Health and Inflammation

(BIONEX Trial)

AR
EC
Overseen ByEmily C Fraschetti, MSc

Trial Summary

What is the purpose of this trial?

This trial tests if drinking milk, Greek yogurt, a sugary drink, or water after exercise can improve bone health and reduce inflammation in healthy young adults. The study will measure changes in indicators related to bones and inflammation. The goal is to find out if these simple dietary changes can help keep bones strong and reduce body swelling. Milk has been shown in various studies to promote bone formation and prevent bone loss.

Will I have to stop taking my current medications?

The trial requires that participants are not on any medication related to a chronic condition, so you may need to stop such medications to participate.

What data supports the effectiveness of the treatment Carbohydrate (Maltodextrin powder mixed with water), Maltodextrin, Glucidex, Maldrin, Fibersol 2(E), GLUCODRY, Instant Stellar, Lycatab, MALDEX, MALTODEXTRIN (EP IMPURITY), MALTODEXTRIN (EP MONOGRAPH), MALTODEXTRIN (II), MALTODEXTRIN (MART.), Maldex 15, Maltodextrin(n-2), Maltrin, STAR-DRI, Greek yogurt, Yogurt, Greek-style yogurt, Strained yogurt, High-Intensity Exercise, High-Intensity Interval Training, HIIT, Sprint Interval Training, SIT, High-Intensity Interval Exercise, HIIE, Skim Milk, Non-fat milk, Fat-free milk, Low-fat milk, Light milk, Water, Watermelon Juice, Citrulline-rich Watermelon Juice?

Research shows that milk consumption may reduce bone resorption (breakdown) after exercise compared to carbohydrate drinks like maltodextrin, suggesting milk might be more beneficial for bone health. Additionally, exercise and dairy intake have been shown to improve bone mineralization, although the specific effects of maltodextrin on bone health are not highlighted in the studies.12345

Is high-intensity interval training (HIIT) safe for bone health and inflammation?

HIIT is generally well-tolerated and may offer health benefits, but long-term high-intensity training could negatively affect bone health, as seen in mice studies. More research is needed to fully understand its safety, especially in older adults.678910

How does the treatment of high-intensity exercise combined with dairy consumption differ from other treatments for bone health and inflammation?

This treatment is unique because it combines high-intensity exercise with dairy consumption, which may help reduce bone resorption (breakdown) and inflammation after exercise. Unlike other treatments, this approach uses the nutritional benefits of milk to potentially modulate the body's response to exercise, offering a novel way to support bone health and manage inflammation.211121314

Research Team

AR

Andrea R Josse, PhD

Principal Investigator

York University

Eligibility Criteria

This trial is for healthy young adults aged 18-30 with a normal BMI who are low to moderately active. Participants must either be on birth control or have regular menstrual cycles, and not be taking medication for chronic conditions. They should not have allergies to dairy protein, lactose intolerance, or smoke regularly.

Inclusion Criteria

I am between 18 and 30 years old.
You are physically active either rarely or a few times per week.
You do not have any allergy to dairy protein or lactose intolerance.
See 3 more

Exclusion Criteria

I have a long-term illness, inflammation, or an auto-immune disease.
You smoke cigarettes, use e-cigarettes (like vapes), or use cannabis regularly.

Timeline

Screening

Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial

2-4 weeks

Treatment

Participants complete 4 different acute exercise and nutritional supplement trials, each separated by 2-4 weeks

16 weeks
Multiple visits for each exercise and supplement trial

Follow-up

Participants are monitored for bone turnover, inflammatory markers, muscle soreness, and performance post-exercise

24 hours post-exercise for each trial

Treatment Details

Interventions

  • Carbohydrate (Maltodextrin powder mixed with water)
  • Greek yogurt
  • High-Intensity Exercise
  • Skim Milk
  • Water
Trial OverviewThe study is examining if consuming dairy products like Greek yogurt and skim milk can influence bone health and reduce inflammation after high-intensity exercise compared to just having a carbohydrate drink (maltodextrin powder in water) or plain water.
Participant Groups
4Treatment groups
Experimental Treatment
Active Control
Placebo Group
Group I: Exercise and Milk (Milk)Experimental Treatment2 Interventions
Participants will have a fasted baseline blood sample taken upon arrival to the lab. Then they will take part in a high-intensity exercise protocol, consisting of high-intensity interval cycling, resistance exercise, and plyometrics. Following exercise, participants will return to the lab for a 5min post-exercise blood sample, and then consume \~500ml plain skim milk (0% milk fat). An additional blood sample will be taken at 1h post-exercise, followed by an additional \~500ml of skim milk. Blood samples will also be taken at 4h and 24h post-exercise. Participants will also rate their muscle soreness and perform a jump height test at pre-exercise, 5min post-exercise, 4h and 24h post-exercise.
Group II: Exercise and Greek Yogurt (GY)Experimental Treatment2 Interventions
Participants will have a fasted baseline blood sample taken upon arrival to the lab. Then they will take part in a high-intensity exercise protocol, consisting of high-intensity interval cycling, resistance exercise, and plyometrics. Following exercise, participants will return to the lab for a 5min post-exercise blood sample, and then consume \~200g Greek yogurt (0% milk fat). An additional blood sample will be taken at 1h post-exercise, followed by an additional \~200g of Greek yogurt. Blood samples will also be taken at 4h and 24h post-exercise. Participants will also rate their muscle soreness and perform a jump height test at pre-exercise, 5min post-exercise, 4h and 24h post-exercise.
Group III: Exercise and Carbohydrate (CHO)Active Control2 Interventions
Participants will have a fasted baseline blood sample taken upon arrival to the lab. Then they will take part in a high-intensity exercise protocol, consisting of high-intensity interval cycling, resistance exercise, and plyometrics. Following exercise, participants will return to the lab for a 5min post-exercise blood sample, and then consume \~50g of maltodextrin mixed with water (\~500ml). An additional blood sample will be taken at 1h post-exercise, followed by an additional \~500ml of the maltodextrin drink. Blood samples will also be taken at 4h and 24h post-exercise. Participants will also rate their muscle soreness and perform a jump height test at pre-exercise, 5min post-exercise, 4h and 24h post-exercise.
Group IV: Exercise and Water (W)Placebo Group2 Interventions
Participants will have a fasted baseline blood sample taken upon arrival to the lab. Then they will take part in a high-intensity exercise protocol, consisting of high-intensity interval cycling, resistance exercise, and plyometrics. Following exercise, participants will return to the lab for a 5min post-exercise blood sample, and then consume \~500ml water. An additional blood sample will be taken at 1h post-exercise, followed by an additional \~500ml water. Blood samples will also be taken at 4h and 24h post-exercise. Participants will also rate their muscle soreness and perform a jump height test at pre-exercise, 5min post-exercise, 4h and 24h post-exercise.

Find a Clinic Near You

Who Is Running the Clinical Trial?

York University

Lead Sponsor

Trials
64
Recruited
521,000+

Findings from Research

Increasing dairy calcium intake does not enhance fat loss in overweight women when combined with resistance training and energy restriction, as both low and high calcium groups experienced similar reductions in fat mass.
However, higher dairy calcium intake significantly improved lumbar spine bone mineral density compared to a low-calcium diet, suggesting benefits for bone health in premenopausal overweight women.
Effects of calcium and resistance exercise on body composition in overweight premenopausal women.Thomas, DT., Wideman, L., Lovelady, CA.[2019]
In a study involving 13 healthy young women, consuming milk after exercise was found to significantly reduce the relative post-exercise bone resorption biomarker (CTX) compared to a carbohydrate control, suggesting that milk may help blunt the usual bone breakdown that occurs after intense physical activity.
While milk did not change the absolute levels of other bone biomarkers compared to the carbohydrate drink, it showed potential benefits in maintaining bone health by moderating the catabolic response to exercise.
Acute Effects of Milk vs. Carbohydrate on Bone Turnover Biomarkers Following Loading Exercise in Young Adult Females.Prowting, JL., Skelly, LE., Kurgan, N., et al.[2023]
A 12-week lifestyle intervention combining exercise training and nutritional counseling significantly reduced the increase in sclerostin levels after acute exercise in adolescent females with obesity, indicating a positive effect on bone metabolism.
The intervention also improved the OPG:RANKL ratio response to exercise, suggesting enhanced bone health, but higher dairy intake did not provide additional benefits in this context.
Twelve weeks of a diet and exercise intervention alters the acute bone response to exercise in adolescent females with overweight/obesity.Kurgan, N., Skelly, LE., Ludwa, IA., et al.[2023]

References

Effects of calcium and resistance exercise on body composition in overweight premenopausal women. [2019]
Acute Effects of Milk vs. Carbohydrate on Bone Turnover Biomarkers Following Loading Exercise in Young Adult Females. [2023]
Twelve weeks of a diet and exercise intervention alters the acute bone response to exercise in adolescent females with overweight/obesity. [2023]
Exercise for osteoporosis: how to navigate between overeagerness and defeatism. [2018]
A meta-analysis of dietary inflammatory index and bone health status. [2023]
Response of Bone Turnover Markers and Cytokines to High-Intensity Low-Impact Exercise. [2022]
Effects of high-intensity interval training in more or less active mice on biomechanical, biophysical and biochemical bone parameters. [2023]
Effectiveness of HIIE versus MICT in Improving Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Health and Disease: A Meta-analysis. [2023]
High-Intensity Interval Training in Older Adults: a Scoping Review. [2021]
10.United Statespubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Limited Effects of Endurance or Interval Training on Visceral Adipose Tissue and Systemic Inflammation in Sedentary Middle-Aged Men. [2018]
11.United Statespubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Dairy product intake decreases bone resorption following a 12-week diet and exercise intervention in overweight and obese adolescent girls. [2021]
The Acute Effects of Milk Consumption on Systemic Inflammation after Combined Resistance and Plyometric Exercise in Young Adult Females. [2022]
13.United Statespubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
The acute effects of dairy calcium intake on fat metabolism during exercise and endurance exercise performance. [2019]
Dietary inflammatory index and bone mineral density in Mexican population. [2022]