This trial is evaluating whether Treatment will improve 1 primary outcome in patients with Prenatal Stress. Measurement will happen over the course of 4 Years of age.
This trial requires 600 total participants across 2 different treatment groups
This trial involves 2 different treatments. Treatment is the primary treatment being studied. Participants will all receive the same treatment. Some patients will receive a placebo treatment. The treatments being tested are in Phase 1 and are in the first stage of evaluation with people.
Participation is compensated
You will be compensated for participating in this trial.
[Prenatal maternal stress in a rodent model that resembles human pregnancy] may affect the function of the neonatal brain. Given the limited data regarding the effects of maternal prenatal stress on subsequent neonatal development of rodent model systems, future investigations in other species will be of high utility to further our understanding of these effects.
Recent findings, only a mere 2.7% of US adults reported receiving prenatal stress during pregnancy. However, when taking into account the actual number of stress episodes experienced during a person's lifetime, up to 20% of US adults could be considered to have had some level of prenatal stress in their lives. These percentages may be underestimated, given the paucity of prenatal stress research and the subjective nature of the stress response. Future research assessing the association between prenatal stress exposure and pregnancy outcomes should make more effort in collecting more precise measurement of prenatal stress, and more stringent controls for potential confounding variables.
Prenatal stress is a global phenomenon with different underlying causes, consequences, and treatments within different geographic areas. The challenge to developing a international guideline is the heterogeneity of the underlying causes, consequences, and treatments among and between geographic regions.
Although a significant association of maternal stress with the developing fetus was not found, an adverse effect of stress on developing fetal heart rate was.
Prenatal stress may be a risk factor for subsequent mood disorders. Prenatal stress and depressive symptoms have strong negative associations in pregnancy and in the puerperium indicating prenatal stress-prenatal depression interactions.
Maternal stress hormones (sympathetic and hormonal) rise during gestation. These changes affect the fetus and may be harmful to the infant. Stress does not result in detectable changes in prenatal neurobiology and the fetal environment does not change or have long-term consequences in the infant as originally described.\n
Few studies assessed PNS in pregnancy, and they did not observe a direct correlation to birth defects. Additional epidemiologic, experimental, and clinical studies are needed to confirm PNS's role.
This is a contentious issue as [a pregnant woman's health can be damaged due to prenatal stress] and many studies are done proving that pregnancy is better. However, from this study, it can be concluded that [a pregnant woman's health may be deteriorating due to prenatal stress] that it is approximately 1/3 of pregnancy from a woman over 30, and it is nearly equal between a woman in their 30s and 40s. [Note: A pregnant woman whose age is 1/3 over the average of the age of a pregnant woman will have approximately 1/2 of their pregnancies when pregnant at age 24].
Prenatal stress appears to be associated with increased risk for ADHD and antisocial behavior through effects on the HPA axis and monoamine oxidase activity. A significant association was also demonstrated between postnatal maternal stress and ADHD and antisocial behavior in the toddler group.
[While most treatments have a defined goal, it is unclear what we can measure in treatments to ensure that different therapies result in similar outcomes. Treatment effectiveness must be measured in more than a few outcomes to provide effective evidence of their efficacy] post-surgical outcomes are very poorly measured in trials examining treatments for most conditions, and outcome data are seldom as easily accessible as in some medical conditions, such as in ALS. In the long-term, some treatments may provide more durable remission for patients with certain conditions. Many trials, even those with high outcomes, may omit one or more aspects of outcomes.
Women are advised to consult a gynaecologist or midwife about all their worries or worries. They will also be encouraged to attend appointments with their General Practitioner. All these measures help to create a supportive community where women can be monitored and reassured. If there is a significant need for specific counselling, [in addition to being able to speak to a counsellor, women could also contact Power for support.
The majority of the studies that have looked into prenatal stress and subsequent effects were conducted on rodent models. It will likely be impossible to extrapolate directly to humans since they are more susceptible to stress during pregnancy and after birth. However, we can infer that prenatal stress may be a factor in development of chronic diseases such as asthma and type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Research on non-human primates has been conducted extensively, but as a result of ethical concerns, more research is needed on the effects that prenatal stress has in more sensitive species such as humans. In addition, more research is needed to determine the potential long-term effects and potential protective and/or protective factors that occur during pregnancy.