Diabetes

Honolulu, HI

138 Diabetes Trials near Honolulu, HI

Power is an online platform that helps thousands of Diabetes patients discover FDA-reviewed trials every day. Every trial we feature meets safety and ethical standards, giving patients an easy way to discover promising new treatments in the research stage.

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No Placebo
Highly Paid
Stay on Current Meds
Pivotal Trials (Near Approval)
Breakthrough Medication
As adults with type 2 diabetes age, they are increasingly vulnerable to treatment-related hypoglycemia and its related complications (including hospitalization and death). This study proposes to evaluate, in a randomized clinical trial, a strategy of expanded advance care planning to support older adults in value-aligned re-assessment of diabetes treatment regimens with their primary care team. If the aims of this project are achieved and incidence of clinically-significant hypoglycemia is reduced, this Prepare for Your Diabetes web-based patient educational care strategy could be scaled and applied in a wide variety of healthcare settings and chronic conditions in which evolving risks, benefits, and consequences of treatment require re-assessment with age.
No Placebo Group

Trial Details

Trial Status:Active Not Recruiting
Trial Phase:Unphased
Age:75+

600 Participants Needed

CNP-103 for Type 1 Diabetes

Walnut Creek, California
This study is a Phase 1b/2a First-in-Human (FIH) clinical trial to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics (PD), and efficacy of multiple ascending doses of CNP-103. The approximately 208-day study consists of a Screening Period (28 days), Treatment Period (90 days), and Post-Dose Evaluations (90 days).

Trial Details

Trial Status:Recruiting
Trial Phase:Phase 1, 2
Age:12 - 35

72 Participants Needed

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the RIGHTEST Continuous Monitoring (CGM) System in adult population with diabetes mellitus.
No Placebo Group

Trial Details

Trial Status:Not Yet Recruiting
Trial Phase:Unphased

150 Participants Needed

Semaglutide for Diabetic Eye Disease

Walnut Creek, California
This study will look at the long-term effects of semaglutide (active medicine) on diabetic eye disease when compared to placebo (dummy medicine). The study will be performed in people with type 2 diabetes. Participants will either get semaglutide or placebo in addition to their diabetes medicines - which treatment the participant gets is decided by chance. Participants will inject the study medicine using a pen-injector. The medicine must be injected in a skin fold in the stomach, thigh or upper arm once a week. The study will last for 5 years.
Pivotal Trial (Near Approval)

Trial Details

Trial Status:Active Not Recruiting
Trial Phase:Phase 3

1500 Participants Needed

The main purpose of this study is to assess the dose-response relationship of maridebart cafraglutide on glucose control compared with placebo.

Trial Details

Trial Status:Active Not Recruiting
Trial Phase:Phase 2

409 Participants Needed

NNC0519-0130 for Type 2 Diabetes

Walnut Creek, California
This study will look at how well a new medicine called NNC0519-0130 helps people with type 2 diabetes lower their blood sugar and body weight. The study will test up to 7 different doses of NNC0519-0130. Which treatment participant will get is decided by chance. Participants will take 1-3 injections once a week. The study medicine will be injected under skin with a thin needle in the stomach, thigh, or upper arm. The study will last for about 40 weeks.

Trial Details

Trial Status:Recruiting
Trial Phase:Phase 2

288 Participants Needed

Luna System for Diabetes

Walnut Creek, California
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of a wearable insulin pump on blood sugar levels during sleep. The study device works with continuous glucose monitors (CGM) to calculate and deliver rapid-acting insulin doses during sleep. The study device does not replace long-acting, correction, or mealtime insulin. The study will involve applying the study device before bed for a period of 13 weeks. The overall study length is approximately 17 weeks. The study aims to evaluate whether the study device is safe and if it lowers blood sugar levels in people who have consistently high blood sugar during sleep and at wake.
No Placebo Group

Trial Details

Trial Status:Recruiting
Trial Phase:Unphased

120 Participants Needed

The main purpose of this study is to investigate efficacy and safety of three doses of petrelintide versus placebo in participants with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Trial Details

Trial Status:Recruiting
Trial Phase:Phase 2

216 Participants Needed

CSL300 for Kidney Failure

Salinas, California
This trial is testing CSL300, a new treatment, to see if it helps people with heart disease or diabetes who are on dialysis. The study aims to find the right dose and check if it improves heart health by reducing inflammation.
Pivotal Trial (Near Approval)

Trial Details

Trial Status:Recruiting
Trial Phase:Phase 2, 3

2310 Participants Needed

This trial tests CagriSema, a combination of semaglutide and cagrilintide, in people with type 2 diabetes. It aims to see if it can better manage blood sugar levels and reduce body weight by increasing insulin and reducing hunger. Semaglutide is known for lowering blood glucose levels and reducing appetite.
Pivotal Trial (Near Approval)

Trial Details

Trial Status:Active Not Recruiting
Trial Phase:Phase 3

2734 Participants Needed

BMF-219 for Type 1 Diabetes

Walnut Creek, California
This trial tests BMF-219, an oral medication that blocks a protein called menin, in people with Type 1 Diabetes. The goal is to see if it can help their insulin-producing cells work better and improve how their bodies handle sugar and fats.

Trial Details

Trial Status:Active Not Recruiting
Trial Phase:Phase 2

37 Participants Needed

This trial is designed to evaluate the effect of glucagon receptor antagonism by volagidemab (once weekly) on glucose recovery from hypoglycemia after treatment with glucagon in adults with type 1 diabetes. After informed consent, Screening procedures to establish subject eligibility will be performed within a period of 28 days. Approximately 24 subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on stable doses of insulin will be enrolled. After enrollment, subjects will undergo a baseline Hypoglycemia Recovery Procedure (with glucagon rescue). Subjects will then receive volagidemab subcutaneously (SC) once weekly for 6 weeks. At the end of the treatment phase, subjects will undergo a second Hypoglycemia Recovery Procedure. Subjects will be followed for 6 weeks after the last volagidemab dose with a final End-of-Study (EOS) visit during Week 12. The primary outcome will be the change in time to glucagon treatment success at Week 6 versus baseline.
No Placebo Group

Trial Details

Trial Status:Recruiting
Trial Phase:Phase 1

24 Participants Needed

This study is a 2-arm randomized trial of Augmented Initial Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) Care vs. Usual Initial T2D Care among adults (18-74 years) with newly diagnosed T2D who have risk factors (defined by age and diagnosis HbA1c value) for suboptimal early glycemic control. Augmented Initial T2D Care comprises the elements of usual care augmented by more proactive and intensive outreach from the diabetes care team. The study team will use electronic health record (EHR) data to assess between-arm differences in diabetes-related outcomes at 6- and 12 months.
No Placebo Group

Trial Details

Trial Status:Enrolling By Invitation
Trial Phase:Unphased

204 Participants Needed

The main purpose of this study is to assess efficacy and safety of orforglipron compared with oral semaglutide in participants with Type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycemic control with metformin.The study will last around 61 weeks.
No Placebo Group
Pivotal Trial (Near Approval)

Trial Details

Trial Status:Active Not Recruiting
Trial Phase:Phase 3

1576 Participants Needed

This study will look at how much CagriSema lowers blood sugar and body weight in people with type 2 diabetes. CagriSema is a new investigational medicine. Doctors cannot yet prescribe CagriSema. CagriSema will be compared to a medicine called tirzepatide. Doctors can prescribe tirzepatide in some countries. Participants will either receive CagriSema or tirzepatide. Which treatment the participant will receive is decided by chance. For each participant, the study will last for up to 1 year and 4 months.
No Placebo Group
Pivotal Trial (Near Approval)

Trial Details

Trial Status:Active Not Recruiting
Trial Phase:Phase 3

1023 Participants Needed

This trial is testing a new medication called orforglipron to help adults with type 2 diabetes who can't control their blood sugar with diet and exercise alone. The medication aims to improve how the body manages sugar levels.
Pivotal Trial (Near Approval)

Trial Details

Trial Status:Active Not Recruiting

520 Participants Needed

This is a multicenter, randomized 2-arm clinical trial of two lifestyle interventions varying in intensity and format, in 400 older African American and non-Hispanic whites at increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia in the East San Francisco Bay Area. The trial will include two lifestyle interventions that differ in intensity and format: 1. Aerobic Exercise (AEx) Intervention that involves aerobic activities with in-class walking workouts and tutorials and carried out at the East Oakland Sports Center (EOSC) and Tice Creek Fitness Center (TICE). 2. Dietary counseling to support adherence to the Mediterranean-Diet Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet to encourage increased consumption of berries, green leafy and other vegetables, whole grains, nuts, fish, poultry, beans and olive oil, and to reduce consumption of fried/fast foods, red meat, whole fat cheese, sweets, butter and trans-fat margarines.
No Placebo Group

Trial Details

Trial Status:Recruiting
Trial Phase:Unphased
Age:60+

400 Participants Needed

CT-868 for Type 1 Diabetes

Concord, California
This trial is testing a new treatment called CT-868 to see if it helps overweight and obese adults with Type 1 Diabetes control their blood sugar better. Participants will continue their regular insulin therapy and receive either CT-868 or another treatment. The goal is to find out if CT-868 can make blood sugar levels more stable.

Trial Details

Trial Status:Active Not Recruiting
Trial Phase:Phase 2

111 Participants Needed

The goal of ADELANTE is to determine whether a multi-level intervention to improve household food insecurity and glycemic control is effective for Latino patients with diabetes. Specifically, ADELANTE aims to 1. determine whether weekly household food delivery plus an intensive lifestyle intervention is more effective than usual care for improving glycemic control (HbA1c) at 6 months, 2. examine the effects of the multi-level intervention on = household food insecurity, dietary behaviors, and psychosocial outcomes, and 3. assess the future potential for implementation and dissemination of this multi-level intervention in primary care settings.
No Placebo Group

Trial Details

Trial Status:Recruiting
Trial Phase:Unphased

360 Participants Needed

Orforglipron for Obesity

San Ramon, California
The purpose of this Master Protocol is to support two studies to see how well and how safely orforglipron works compared to placebo in participants who have obesity or overweight with or without type 2 diabetes. Participants will be screened for about 4 weeks, after which they will enroll into either J2A-MC-GZP1, NCT06972459 (do not have type 2 diabetes) or J2A-MC-GZP2, NCT06972472 (have type 2 diabetes).
Pivotal Trial (Near Approval)

Trial Details

Trial Status:Recruiting
Trial Phase:Phase 3

1200 Participants Needed

Why Other Patients Applied

"Looking for better ways to manage my diabetes, high blood pressure and overall health. Hoping to improve my health all together in order to have a better life & to enjoy my children & grandchildren."

OK
Diabetes PatientAge: 66

"I have struggled with weight management after having bariatric surgery over 5 years ago and have regained what I have lost. I'm looking to participate in a trial that can help me get my life back under control."

IJ
Diabetes PatientAge: 25

"I've been in pain for years. It's been crippling and has massively impacted my life. I want to be free. Diabetes changed everything at 15. Diabetic Type 1 for 20 years. SEVERE Peripheral Neuropathy onset 7-8 years in. Have been living with it since. Have tried every drug, everything. Gaba, lyrica, all opioids, electrical current therapy, massages, acupuncture, cupping, everything. Currently taking low dose of duloxetine, have an insulin pump but its not good enough. Want to try a cutting-edge med."

YN
Diabetes PatientAge: 35

"I have already lost part of a leg to an infection. I want to try to get this horrific condition under control and get back to my life. It's taken enough."

WY
Diabetes PatientAge: 40

"Years ago, Metformin didn't help. I'm currently on Rybelsus & Farxiga. Not doing me much good. My insurance won't cover any of the injectables. Excited to try something new."

QL
Diabetes PatientAge: 71
The main purpose of this study is to see how orforglipron, compared with placebo, helps improve glycemic control in participants with obesity or with overweight and type 2 diabetes. This trial is part of the master protocol study J2A-MC-GZPO. Participation in the study will last about 18 months.
Pivotal Trial (Near Approval)

Trial Details

Trial Status:Recruiting
Trial Phase:Phase 3

600 Participants Needed

This trial is testing a new medicine called CagriSema to see if it can reduce kidney damage in people with chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and who are overweight or obese. The study will compare CagriSema to two other medicines.

Trial Details

Trial Status:Active Not Recruiting
Trial Phase:Phase 2

618 Participants Needed

This trial is testing foselutoclax, a new drug, in patients with Diabetic Macular Edema who haven't responded to other treatments. The drug works by blocking a protein to reduce eye swelling and improve vision.
No Placebo Group
Prior Safety Data

Trial Details

Trial Status:Active Not Recruiting
Trial Phase:Phase 2

52 Participants Needed

The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to compare the effect of receiving 6 months of monetary support for healthy food through a food delivery platform on change in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus with glycemic control that is above target level. The main study aims are to: 1. To evaluate whether providing monthly financial support for home-delivered healthy food vs. only free food delivery through the Instacart platform reduces glycosylated hemoglobin levels within 6 months among Medi-Cal-insured Kaiser Permanente adult members with diabetes mellitus and suboptimal glycemic control. 2. To evaluate whether providing monthly financial support for home-delivered healthy food vs. only free food delivery through the Instacart platform reduces medical resource utilization within 6 months among Medi-Cal-insured Kaiser Permanente adult members with diabetes mellitus and suboptimal glycemic control.
No Placebo Group
Pivotal Trial (Near Approval)

Trial Details

Trial Status:Recruiting
Trial Phase:Phase 3

1100 Participants Needed

The study is examining the health effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) intervention and medically tailored meals within home visiting. A large study is proposed that will include nearly a thousand pregnant or recently pregnant adults with recent GDM and who are from different regions and backgrounds. Two treatment approaches are compared, and both are in home visiting. One treatment group is receiving enhanced lifestyle support for GDM along with meals, and the other is receiving just the enhanced lifestyle support. The study will examine whether these interventions help reduce diabetes and pre-diabetes through 12 months postpartum, as well as other health factors like weight and blood pressure.
No Placebo Group

Trial Details

Trial Status:Not Yet Recruiting
Trial Phase:Unphased
Sex:Female

978 Participants Needed

StandUPTV App for Sedentary Lifestyle

San Luis Obispo, California
Our goal in this study is to further refine StandUPTV, an application designed to reduce SST in adults in our first study (ASU IRB # STUDY00012109), for the StandUPTV Habits program. This program aims to establish a non-sedentary habit triggered by an alert from the StandUPTV application after participants engage in approximately 30 minutes of SST in the evening.
No Placebo Group

Trial Details

Trial Status:Recruiting
Trial Phase:Unphased
Age:23 - 64

48 Participants Needed

This clinical trial aims to learn if increasing water intake for five days can lower blood glucose in healthy, free-living individuals. The main question it aims to answer is whether increasing water intake will reduce daily blood glucose. Researchers will compare blood glucose when drinking adequate water to when the same individuals drink a low amount of water to see if blood glucose differs with water intake. Participants will be asked to drink a prescribed volume of water over two weeks while wearing a continuous glucose monitor and collecting two urine voids throughout each day.
No Placebo Group

Trial Details

Trial Status:Enrolling By Invitation
Trial Phase:Unphased
Age:18 - 55

20 Participants Needed

CIN-102 for Gastroparesis

Mission Hills, California
The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate if the study drug CIN-102 (deudomperidone) can help reduce the symptoms associated with diabetic gastroparesis in adult patients. The main questions it aims to answer are: * To evaluate the efficacy of CIN-102 on symptoms of gastroparesis when given to patients with diabetic gastroparesis compared to a placebo * To evaluate the safety and tolerability of CIN-102 when given to patients with diabetic gastroparesis compared to a placebo Participants will go through the following schedule: * Screening period (1-2 visits) * Lead-in period (1 visit) * Will complete a Gastric Emptying Breath Test (GEBT) * Will complete daily diary and other Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) as described in the protocol to assess eligibility for continued study participation * 12-week treatment period (7 visits) * Study drug taken twice daily by mouth * Will complete daily diaries and other PROs as described in protocol * 1 week follow-up (1 visit) Researchers will compare the effects of the following treatments: * Drug- CIN-102 Dose 1 or 2 * Drug- Placebo

Trial Details

Trial Status:Recruiting
Trial Phase:Phase 2

288 Participants Needed

This study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of ertugliflozin (MK-8835) in pediatric participants with T2DM on metformin with/without insulin. The primary hypothesis of the study is that the addition of ertugliflozin reduces hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) more than the addition of placebo after 24 weeks of treatment.
Pivotal Trial (Near Approval)

Trial Details

Trial Status:Active Not Recruiting
Trial Phase:Phase 3
Age:10 - 17

165 Participants Needed

IcoSema for Type 2 Diabetes

Sacramento, California
This trial will compare IcoSema, a new treatment combining two medicines, to insulin glargine in people with type 2 diabetes. The study targets those whose blood sugar isn't controlled by other oral medicines. IcoSema helps the body use sugar more effectively and reduces appetite to manage blood sugar levels. Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin commonly used with oral antidiabetic drugs to improve blood sugar control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
No Placebo Group
Pivotal Trial (Near Approval)

Trial Details

Trial Status:Active Not Recruiting
Trial Phase:Phase 3

474 Participants Needed

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Frequently Asked Questions

How much do Diabetes clinical trials in Honolulu, HI pay?

Each trial will compensate patients a different amount, but $50-100 for each visit is a fairly common range for Phase 2–4 trials (Phase 1 trials often pay substantially more). Further, most trials will cover the costs of a travel to-and-from the clinic.

How do Diabetes clinical trials in Honolulu, HI work?

After a researcher reviews your profile, they may choose to invite you in to a screening appointment, where they'll determine if you meet 100% of the eligibility requirements. If you do, you'll be sorted into one of the treatment groups, and receive your study drug. For some trials, there is a chance you'll receive a placebo. Across Diabetes trials in Honolulu, HI 30% of clinical trials have a placebo. Typically, you'll be required to check-in with the clinic every month or so. The average trial length in Honolulu, HI for Diabetes is 12 months.

How do I participate in a study as a "healthy volunteer"?

Not all studies recruit healthy volunteers: usually, Phase 1 studies do. Participating as a healthy volunteer means you will go to a research facility in Honolulu, HI several times over a few days or weeks to receive a dose of either the test treatment or a "placebo," which is a harmless substance that helps researchers compare results. You will have routine tests during these visits, and you'll be compensated for your time and travel, with the number of appointments and details varying by study.

What does the "phase" of a clinical trial mean?

The phase of a trial reveals what stage the drug is in to get approval for a specific condition. Phase 1 trials are the trials to collect safety data in humans. Phase 2 trials are those where the drug has some data showing safety in humans, but where further human data is needed on drug effectiveness. Phase 3 trials are in the final step before approval. The drug already has data showing both safety and effectiveness. As a general rule, Phase 3 trials are more promising than Phase 2, and Phase 2 trials are more promising than phase 1.

Do I need to be insured to participate in a Diabetes medical study in Honolulu, HI?

Clinical trials are almost always free to participants, and so do not require insurance. The only exception here are trials focused on cancer, because only a small part of the typical treatment plan is actually experimental. For these cancer trials, participants typically need insurance to cover all the non-experimental components.

What are the newest Diabetes clinical trials in Honolulu, HI?

Most recently, we added Health Interventions for Obesity During Pregnancy, Culturally Modified Diet for Type 2 Diabetes and Lifestyle Interventions for Gestational Diabetes to the Power online platform.

What is the best treatment for diabetes?

There isn’t one “best” therapy—think of diabetes care as two layers. First, everyone benefits from diabetes education, a balanced diet, regular activity, and routine monitoring. Second, medicines are chosen by diabetes type and other health issues: type 1 always needs insulin (preferably with a continuous glucose monitor or hybrid pump), while type 2 usually starts with metformin plus lifestyle changes and, if more help is needed, adds a GLP-1 or SGLT2 drug (especially when heart, kidney, or weight problems exist) before considering insulin. Work with your healthcare team to revisit these steps every few months so treatment keeps pace with your goals and any new health changes.

How much weight do you need to lose to reverse type 2 diabetes?

Most studies find that you need to shed about 10–15 % of your starting weight—roughly 15 kg (33 lb) for an average-sized adult—to give yourself the best shot at putting type-2 diabetes into remission (normal sugars without diabetes pills). The closer you are to diagnosis and the more weight you keep off—especially if you can pass the 15 kg mark—the higher the odds (up to 80 % in some trials), while smaller losses still improve blood sugar but rarely achieve full remission. Work with your healthcare team to choose a safe approach (intensive diet program, GLP-1 medications, or bariatric surgery) and to monitor that blood-sugar targets stay on track once the weight comes off.

Can diabetics still get Ozempic?

Yes—if you have type-2 diabetes and meet NICE criteria (poor glucose control despite other drugs, or need for weight loss/heart-protection), your GP or diabetes nurse can still prescribe Ozempic; it is not used for type-1 diabetes, pregnancy, or in children. The practical hurdle is the current UK supply shortage, so existing users should order repeats early and stay in touch with their pharmacist, while new patients may need to start a similar medicine (e.g., dulaglutide) until stock returns.

When will oral insulin be available?

No insulin pill has been approved yet. The most advanced candidates (such as insulin tregopil and ORMD-0801) are still redesigning or preparing large Phase 3 studies, and newer “chocolate-capsule” nano-formulations have not even begun human trials until at least 2025. If upcoming studies succeed, regulatory review and manufacturing mean that everyday prescription use is unlikely before the late-2020s at the earliest.

Why is type 2 diabetes not curable?

Type 2 diabetes isn’t considered curable because its root problems—body-wide insulin resistance and gradual loss of insulin-producing β-cells—can return whenever weight or lifestyle slips, and adult β-cells don’t fully regrow once lost. Big, sustained weight loss (through diet, bariatric surgery, or powerful medications) can put the disease into remission for years, but the underlying susceptibility remains, which is why regular follow-up and healthy habits must continue even when blood sugar is normal.

Can I stop taking metformin when my sugar is back to normal?

Normal readings don’t necessarily mean diabetes is cured; for many people the numbers stay normal only because metformin is on board, and stopping it without a plan can let sugars creep back up. Talk with your clinician about whether you truly meet “remission” criteria (HbA1c < 6.5 % for at least 6 months, stable weight, good kidney function); if so, you can try a monitored dose-reduction, check home glucose and repeat labs in 3 months, and restart the drug promptly if levels rise. In short, never quit metformin on your own—make it a shared, step-by-step decision that includes a taper and clear follow-up.

Can a person fully recover from diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes cannot presently be cured; people need lifelong insulin. In type 2 diabetes, some individuals—especially soon after diagnosis—can achieve remission (normal blood-sugar readings without diabetes medicines) through substantial, sustained weight loss or bariatric surgery, but the underlying tendency can return, so regular check-ups remain essential. So while you may control or even “switch off” type 2 diabetes for a time, no form of diabetes is considered permanently gone.

Which country has the cure for diabetes?

No country has an approved, take-home “cure” for diabetes; the Chinese cell-therapy result you may have seen was a one-patient, early-stage experiment that still needs larger trials and regulatory review. Worldwide teams—from China to the United States, Canada, Europe and beyond—are testing stem-cell implants, gene editing and immune therapies, but for now the proven way to stay healthy is tight glucose monitoring, modern medications (e.g., metformin, GLP-1 or insulin) and lifestyle changes, with bariatric surgery offering remission for some people with type 2 diabetes. Stay alert for peer-reviewed trial results and discuss any experimental option with your diabetes specialist before pursuing treatment abroad.

What is the record trial for diabetes?

RECORD (Rosiglitazone Evaluated for Cardiac Outcomes and Regulation of Glycaemia in Diabetes) was a 5-year study of 4,458 adults with type 2 diabetes that compared adding rosiglitazone to metformin or a sulfonylurea versus the standard metformin-plus-sulfonylurea combination. It showed no overall difference in cardiovascular deaths or hospitalisations (hazard ratio 0.99), but rosiglitazone roughly doubled the risk of heart-failure events and increased bone fractures; these safety concerns, rather than glucose control, ultimately led regulators and doctors to curb use of the drug.

What is the A1C goal for a 70 year old?

For a 70-year-old who already has diabetes, guidelines use a sliding scale: aim below about 7–7.5 % if the person is otherwise healthy and independent, below 8 % if they have multiple illnesses or mild functional decline, and up to 8.5 % if they are frail or in long-term care—these higher limits reduce the risk of dangerous low-blood-sugar episodes. If the 70-year-old is only being screened, the usual cut-offs still apply (normal < 5.7 %, pre-diabetes 5.7-6.4 %, diabetes ≥ 6.5 % confirmed). Work with the healthcare team to choose the target that balances day-to-day safety with long-term benefit.

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