Effects of Tobacco Flavoring and Liquid Composition on Vaping Topography for Tobacco-Related Cancer

Overseen By Richard O'Connor

Age: 18 - 65

Sex: Any

Trial Phase: Academic

Sponsor: Roswell Park Cancer Institute

Must not be taking: Nasal sprays, antihistamines

Disqualifiers: Pregnancy, COVID-19, allergies, others

No Placebo Group All trial participants will receive the active study treatment (no placebo)

Approved in 4 Jurisdictions This treatment is already approved in other countries

Compensation: Varies

Number of Visits: 7

Duration: 7 sessions over 3 months

What You Need to Know Before You Apply

What is the purpose of this trial?

This trial explores how different tobacco flavors and nicotine compositions affect vaping behavior. Researchers aim to understand how these factors might influence vaping habits and potential health risks. Participants use various flavored and nicotine-based vape liquids to observe changes in puffing patterns. Ideal participants vape daily and do not regularly use other tobacco products. As an unphased study, this trial allows participants to contribute to important research on vaping behaviors and health impacts.

Will I have to stop taking my current medications?

The trial requires that you do not take medications known to interfere with taste or smell, such as certain nasal sprays, nasal antihistamines, decongestants, antibiotics, and medications containing zinc.

What prior data suggests that vaping is safe for human use?

Research has shown that e-cigarettes, used for vaping, often contain fewer harmful chemicals than regular cigarettes, potentially making them less toxic. However, vaping still carries risks. Studies suggest that people who use both e-cigarettes and regular cigarettes might face a higher risk of lung cancer than those who only smoke regular cigarettes. Additionally, the nicotine in e-cigarettes can be highly addictive.

No tobacco product, including e-cigarettes, is considered safe. Vaping is linked to bodily signs that could indicate a higher risk of cancer. Therefore, while vaping may be less harmful than smoking traditional cigarettes, it is not without risks. ^{1 2 3 4 5}

Why are researchers excited about this trial?

Researchers are excited about this trial because it explores how different flavors and liquid compositions in vaping can influence how people vape, which might impact the risk of developing tobacco-related cancers. Traditional treatments for tobacco-related cancer generally focus on surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy after cancer has developed. This study is unique because it investigates whether adjusting vaping habits can reduce cancer risk before it starts. By examining the role of flavors and nicotine levels, researchers hope to uncover insights into safer vaping practices and potentially develop guidelines to lower cancer risk.

What evidence suggests that this trial's treatments could be effective for tobacco-related cancer?

Research has shown that e-cigarettes, or vapes, usually contain fewer harmful chemicals than regular cigarettes. Studies indicate they have fewer toxic substances and are less likely to damage cells. However, using both regular cigarettes and e-cigarettes can increase the risk of lung cancer. Some evidence suggests that vaping may cause DNA damage and inflammation, early signs of cancer development. While vaping might be less harmful than smoking regular cigarettes, it still poses health risks that should be considered. Participants in this trial will explore the effects of different tobacco flavors and nicotine formulations on vaping behavior and potential health impacts. ^{1 3 6 7 8}

Who Is on the Research Team?

Richard O'Connor

Principal Investigator

Roswell Park

Are You a Good Fit for This Trial?

This trial is for daily vapers of nicotine products who don't use other tobacco items and consider themselves in good health. Women able to have children must test negative for pregnancy. Participants need to understand the study's experimental aspect and sign a consent form.

Inclusion Criteria

Women of childbearing potential must be willing to provide a urine sample and test negative prior to receiving any study-related products/procedures

Participant must understand the investigational nature of this study and sign an independent ethics committee/institutional review board approved written informed consent form prior to receiving any study related procedure

Current daily vapers of products containing nicotine

Exclusion Criteria

Active untreated seasonal allergies that would interfere with smell or taste procedures

I have noticed changes in my taste or smell.

Pregnant or nursing female participants

Timeline for a Trial Participant

Screening

Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial

2-4 weeks

Treatment

Participants undergo vaping sessions with different tobacco flavor and nicotine formulations, including saliva and optional oral cell and rinse sample collections

7 sessions over 3 months

7 visits (in-person)

Follow-up

Participants are monitored for safety and effectiveness after treatment

4 weeks

What Are the Treatments Tested in This Trial?

Interventions

• Biospecimen Collection
• Questionnaire Administration
• Vaping

Trial Overview The study examines how tobacco flavoring and liquid composition, including lab-made or natural nicotine, affect vaping habits (topography). It aims to understand the impact on appeal, risk perception, and usage patterns which are crucial for assessing health risks.

How Is the Trial Designed?

Group I: Vaping - Experimental Treatment 3 Interventions

Description The order of directed and ad libitum bouts are randomized within participants at each session. SESSION 1: Participants puff their own brand liquid on study. SESSIONS 2-5: Participants puff 1 of 4 randomly assigned tobacco flavor formulations at each visit on study. SESSIONS 6-7: Participants puff 1 of 2 randomly assigned nicotine formulations at each visit on study. Participants also undergo collection of saliva samples and optionally undergo collection of oral cell and oral rinse samples throughout study.

Vaping is already approved in European Union, United States, Canada, Japan for the following indications:

Approved in European Union as E-Cigarettes for:

• Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation

Approved in United States as Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) for:

• Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation

Approved in Canada as Vaporizers for:

• Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation

Approved in Japan as E-Liquids for:

• Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation

Who Is Running the Clinical Trial?

Roswell Park Cancer Institute

Lead Sponsor

Trials

427

Recruited

40,500+

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Collaborator

Trials

14,080

Recruited

41,180,000+

Published Research Related to This Trial

A study using both 2D and 3D in vitro models found that aerosolized flavoured e-liquids from Vuse ePod do not increase toxicity compared to traditional cigarette smoke, suggesting a reduced health risk for users.

The research demonstrated that the cellular toxicity of flavoured e-cigarette products is over 95% lower than that of cigarette smoke, indicating that these products could be beneficial in tobacco harm reduction strategies.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

A contextualised e-cigarette testing strategy shows flavourings do not impact lung toxicity in vitro. Bishop, E., East, N., Miazzi, F., et al.[2023]

Over 1.5 years, there was a significant increase (156.4%) in the use of disposable devices with salt nicotine and no adjustable settings among frequent ENDS users, while the use of disposable pod/cartridges decreased by 15.2%.

Participants who switched from tank devices (which use freebase nicotine and have adjustable settings) to other device/liquid groupings reported higher nicotine concentrations and lower device power, indicating a trend towards stronger nicotine delivery with less powerful devices.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Transitions in device and liquid characteristic groupings among US adults frequently using electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) over three timepoints, 2020-2021. Nian, Q., Hardesty, JJ., Crespi, E., et al.[2023]

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), like e-cigarettes, have rapidly increased in use among both adults and youth, raising concerns about their potential to either help reduce smoking rates or inadvertently encourage tobacco use among non-smokers and former smokers.

The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) emphasize the need for more research on ENDS to understand their health impacts and recommend strict regulations, including childproof packaging and prohibiting youth-targeted marketing, to mitigate potential risks.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Electronic nicotine delivery systems: a policy statement from the American Association for Cancer Research and the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Brandon, TH., Goniewicz, ML., Hanna, NH., et al.[2022]

This study analyzed the aerosol from popular disposable e-cigarettes, Puff Bar and Air Bar, revealing harmful organic chemicals and metals that can lead to respiratory issues.

The estimated cancer risks from chromium and nickel in the e-cigarette aerosols were significantly higher than acceptable levels, highlighting serious health concerns associated with ENDS use.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Disposable E-Cigarettes and Associated Health Risks: An Experimental Study. Lin, HC., Buu, A., Su, WC.[2023]

A study of 1,179 adult ENDS users revealed that 87% of users favored five specific combinations of devices and liquids, with the most common being reusable devices with adjustable settings and a free-base nicotine liquid at 5.2 mg/mL.

The second most popular combination involved reusable devices with no adjustable settings and nicotine salt liquids in disposable pods at a much higher concentration of 49.4 mg/mL, highlighting significant variability in nicotine exposure among users.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Combinations of electronic nicotine delivery system device and liquid characteristics among U.S. adults. Cohen, JE., Hardesty, JJ., Nian, Q., et al.[2022]

A study involving 30 college-aged JUUL users found that preferred flavours significantly enhanced user satisfaction, enjoyment, and motivation to use the product compared to a classic tobacco flavour.

Despite both flavour conditions leading to increased nicotine levels, the preferred flavour resulted in a much higher likelihood of continued use, suggesting that restricting flavours could help reduce ENDS appeal among young users.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Effect of flavour manipulation on ENDS (JUUL) users' experiences, puffing behaviour and nicotine exposure among US college students. Vargas-Rivera, M., Ebrahimi Kalan, M., Ward-Peterson, M., et al.[2023]

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), like e-cigarettes, were introduced as a safer alternative for smokers, but their use has expanded to young people and non-smokers, raising concerns about unintended health risks.

The design and power of ENDS devices can significantly affect their safety, with higher power devices potentially being more hazardous, highlighting the need for ongoing research to understand the benefits and risks associated with these products.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Clearing the Haze: What Do We Still Need to Learn about Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems? Fucito, LM., Malinosky, H., Baldassarri, SR., et al.[2023]

In a study of 1,489 adult ENDS users, sweet flavors were the most popular, making up 76.2% of the flavors used, while menthol/mint and tobacco flavors were significantly less common.

Users of sweet-flavored liquids tended to use lower nicotine concentrations and higher wattages, suggesting that flavor choice influences device settings and potentially user behavior, which has important implications for regulatory policies.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Device and liquid characteristics used with sweet, menthol/mint, and tobacco ENDS liquid flavors: The population-based VAPER study. Crespi, E., Hardesty, JJ., Nian, Q., et al.[2023]

The study systematically assessed how different factors, such as e-cig brand, flavor, type, puffing patterns, and voltage, affect the emissions from electronic cigarettes, revealing a complex interaction that influences the health risks associated with their use.

High concentrations of particles (up to 10 million particles/cm3) and harmful substances, including organic compounds and combustion byproducts like benzene and toluene, were detected in e-cig emissions, highlighting potential health risks for users.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Assessing electronic cigarette emissions: linking physico-chemical properties to product brand, e-liquid flavoring additives, operational voltage and user puffing patterns. Zhao, J., Nelson, J., Dada, O., et al.[2023]

In 2018, an estimated 885 cases of liquid nicotine poisoning among children under 5 were treated in U.S. emergency departments, indicating a concerning trend in exposure.

The majority of these poisoning cases (90%) were treated and released, with ingestion being the most common route of exposure (99.4%), highlighting the need for increased public awareness and safety measures regarding liquid nicotine products.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) liquid nicotine exposure in young children presenting to US emergency departments, 2018. Chang, JT., Rostron, BL.[2022]

Citations

1. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4376316/

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (“E-Cigarettes”) Cigarette smoking is common among cancer patients and is associated with negative outcomes. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (“e-cigarettes”) are rapidly ...

2. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24898072/

Electronic nicotine delivery systems ("e-cigarettes") - PubMed Compared to tobacco cigarettes, available evidence suggests that e-cigarettes are often substantially lower in toxic content, cytotoxicity, ...

3. cancer.org cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/tobacco/e-cigarettes-vaping.html

E-cigarettes and Vaping | Health Risks of E- ... Recent research indicates that people who use both cigarettes and e-cigarettes have a higher risk of getting lung cancer than people who only use cigarettes.

4. nejm.org nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2308815

Electronic Nicotine-Delivery Systems for Smoking Cessation Few trials have systematically collected data on prespecified safety outcomes and confirmed them by reviewing participants' medical records.

5. aacrjournals.org aacrjournals.org/clincancerres/article/28/22/4861/710466/Electronic-Nicotine-Delivery-Systems-An-Updated

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: An Updated Policy ... While ENDS emit fewer carcinogens than combustible tobacco, preliminary evidence links ENDS use to DNA damage and inflammation, key steps in cancer development.

6. cdc.gov cdc.gov/tobacco/e-cigarettes/health-effects.html

Health Effects of Vaping | Smoking and Tobacco Use No tobacco products, including e-cigarettes, are safe. Most e-cigarettes contain nicotine, which is highly addictive and is a health danger for ...

7. cancercontrol.cancer.gov cancercontrol.cancer.gov/brp/tcrb/electronic-nicotine-delivery-systems

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Use NCI supports research to understand the potential impact of ENDS use on both individual and population health, as it relates to cancer control and prevention.

8. tobaccoinduceddiseases.org tobaccoinduceddiseases.org/Evidence-update-on-the-cancer-risk-of-vaping-e-cigarettes-A-systematic-review,192934,0,2.html

Evidence update on the cancer risk of vaping e-cigarettes There is substantial evidence that e-cigarette exposure is associated with biomarkers reflective of cancer disease risk.