CPAP for Sleep Apnea Syndromes

OSA2 and snoring are highly heritable and run in families. The findings suggest that the OSA2 phenotype may be modulated by genes at two different loci.

The signs of obstructive [sleep apnea](https://www.withpower.com/clinical-trials/sleep-apnea) include snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, and the repetitive episodes of apneas and hypopneas. These signs are easily noticed by health professionals, however, patients often assume otherwise. Untreated sleep apnea can result in hypertension, sleep paralysis, and sleep disturbances that can worsen cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Every year, around 60 million Americans will meet diagnostic criteria for [sleep apnea](https://www.withpower.com/clinical-trials/sleep-apnea) syndrome (asthma with airflow obstruction and narcolepsy with excessive daytime sleepiness). About 11% of this population has severe sleep apnea and will seek treatment.

There are many possible causes of sleep deprivation that may lead to the development of sleep apnea. The mechanisms involve excessive muscular activities and poor jaw control. In particular, there are some environmental issues that may cause sleep apnea; such as a sudden change to the environment, excessive drinking, or shift work. In addition to these issues mentioned, there is a gene connection, and that is the biggest factor in these sleep apnea syndromes. At the end of the 20th century, the genetic issue was confirmed through various studies. The gene is called "obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea". The research showed that in the early years of my sleep studies, I did a lot of my work for 5 days each week.

Sleep apnea syndromes are usually unrecognized and usually remain asymptomatic despite significant morbidity. They can present as a range of complaints from insomnia to daytime somnolence to airway obstruction. Sleep testing can be performed in order to confirm the diagnosis and manage the airway and breathing disorders. We will discuss the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and available workup. We will discuss the clinical evaluation and diagnostics required to confirm the diagnosis of [sleep apnea](https://www.withpower.com/clinical-trials/sleep-apnea) and discuss its treatment options from lifestyle improvements to the use of continuous positive nasal airway pressure (CPAP).

Obstructive sleep apnea must be treated with continuous positive airway pressure or adenotonsillectomy to ameliorate CPAP's efficacy. CPAP does not appear to be effective for treating nasal congestion.

Treatment of OSA is highly individualized. Most patients take one or more medications. There are several different options of treatment including continuous positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP) and oral appliances. CPAP therapy has been effective for many years and was generally better tolerated than oral appliances in a large multicenter survey of sleep apnea patients.

The CPAP algorithm used in the United States has been modified to account for demographics and comorbidities of the patient population with therapeutic uses of CPAP.

There are no clinical trials or cohort studies to support the notion that cpap therapy does not prevent obstructive airway events in patients with sleep apnea syndrome and normal lung function.

Among the patients with moderate to severe OSA, both the male and female patients are less likely to be interested in clinical trials for CPAP. However, both cohorts are similarly interested in CPAP trials for OSA syndromes.

Subjects with OSA demonstrated improvement in subjective and objective markers of sleepiness. Cpap led to marked improvements in CPIS scores, subjective sleepiness, cognitive performance, and ESSD in OSA patients.