20 Participants Needed

Timing of Resistance Exercise for Insulin Sensitivity

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No Placebo GroupAll trial participants will receive the active study treatment (no placebo)

Trial Summary

What is the purpose of this trial?

The primary aim of this study is to evaluate if a single bout of AM vs PM resistance exercise has different effects on insulin sensitivity and sleep. A randomized cross-over trial be used to compare resistance exercise at two different times of the day. Each condition will take place in a laboratory setting. Each condition will consist of exercise, overnight sleep, and oral glucose tolerance tests the following day. The AM exercise will occur \~1.5 hours after habitual wake, and PM exercise will occur \~11 hours after habitual wake. After a 2-6 week washout, participants will complete the other condition. The hypothesis is that PM exercise will be more beneficial than AM exercise in improving insulin sensitivity. This study could identify if there is a better time of day to perform resistance exercise to decrease risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Do I have to stop taking my current medications for the trial?

The trial does not specify if you need to stop taking your current medications. However, if you are on weight loss medication or medications that affect energy balance, you may not be eligible to participate.

What data supports the effectiveness of the treatment Resistance Exercise Timing for improving insulin sensitivity?

Research shows that resistance exercise can improve insulin sensitivity, especially when performed at high intensity and with multiple sets. This suggests that the timing of resistance exercise could be important for enhancing insulin sensitivity, as different exercise protocols have shown varying levels of effectiveness.12345

Is resistance exercise timing safe for humans?

Resistance exercise, including different timing and intensity protocols, is generally safe for humans and can improve insulin sensitivity, especially in those with impaired fasting glucose. However, extreme exercise that causes muscle damage can negatively affect insulin sensitivity.23678

How does the timing of resistance exercise improve insulin sensitivity compared to other treatments?

The timing of resistance exercise is unique because it focuses on when the exercise is performed to enhance insulin sensitivity, unlike other treatments that may not consider timing as a factor. This approach can lead to improved blood sugar control by optimizing the body's response to insulin after exercise.2791011

Eligibility Criteria

This trial is for men and women aged 50-74 with a BMI of at least 25 but less than 45, who are generally healthy but not very active. They shouldn't have major health issues like uncontrolled heart or lung diseases, recent cancer treatment, untreated thyroid problems, or a history of eating disorders or weight loss surgery.

Inclusion Criteria

I am 50-74 years old, overweight but not obese, with stable weight and not very active.

Exclusion Criteria

I have received cancer treatment within the last 5 years.
HbA1c >6.5%
Current or recent history (past 2 years) of eating disorder
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Timeline

Screening

Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial

2-4 weeks

AM Resistance Exercise

Participants perform resistance exercise in the morning, approximately 1.5 hours after habitual wake time, followed by overnight sleep and oral glucose tolerance tests the next day

1 day
1 visit (in-person)

Washout

A washout period between the AM and PM exercise conditions

2-6 weeks

PM Resistance Exercise

Participants perform resistance exercise in the evening, approximately 11 hours after habitual wake time, followed by overnight sleep and oral glucose tolerance tests the next day

1 day
1 visit (in-person)

Follow-up

Participants are monitored for safety and effectiveness after treatment

4 weeks

Treatment Details

Interventions

  • Resistance Exercise Timing
Trial OverviewThe study is testing if doing resistance exercises in the morning (AM) versus evening (PM) affects insulin sensitivity and sleep differently. Participants will do workouts once in the AM and once in the PM on separate days with weeks apart to see which timing might help reduce Type 2 Diabetes risk more effectively.
Participant Groups
2Treatment groups
Experimental Treatment
Group I: PM Resistance ExerciseExperimental Treatment1 Intervention
Resistance Exercise intervention taking place in the PM
Group II: AM Resistance ExerciseExperimental Treatment1 Intervention
Resistance Exercise intervention taking place in the AM

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Who Is Running the Clinical Trial?

University of Utah

Lead Sponsor

Trials
1,169
Recruited
1,623,000+

Findings from Research

Resistance training significantly improved insulin sensitivity in nonobese patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), with a 48% increase in glucose disposal rate after 4-6 weeks of training.
The resistance training program also led to a 16% increase in quadriceps strength, but did not affect maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), indicating that resistance training can enhance muscle strength and metabolic health without necessarily improving cardiovascular fitness.
Resistance training improves insulin sensitivity in NIDDM subjects without altering maximal oxygen uptake.Ishii, T., Yamakita, T., Sato, T., et al.[2022]
In a study involving 14 physically active individuals with type 1 diabetes, a single session of strenuous resistance exercise did not significantly change insulin sensitivity compared to a non-exercise control group.
Insulin sensitivity was measured using a precise technique before exercise and at 12 and 36 hours after, showing no significant differences over time or between the groups.
Insulin-sensitivity response to a single bout of resistive exercise in type 1 diabetes mellitus.Jimenez, C., Santiago, M., Sitler, M., et al.[2019]
Progressive resistance exercise is a safe and effective form of exercise for improving glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes, resulting in a small but clinically significant reduction in HbA1c levels by 0.3%.
This type of exercise significantly enhances muscle strength compared to both aerobic exercise and no exercise, making it a valuable addition to diabetes management strategies.
Progressive resistance exercise improves glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.Irvine, C., Taylor, NF.[2022]

References

Resistance training improves insulin sensitivity in NIDDM subjects without altering maximal oxygen uptake. [2022]
Effects of intensity and volume on insulin sensitivity during acute bouts of resistance training. [2022]
Insulin sensitivity in response to a single resistance exercise session in apparently healthy individuals. [2021]
No sustained effect of aerobic or resistance training on insulin sensitivity in nonobese, healthy older women. [2019]
Insulin Sensitivity Following Exercise Interventions: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Outcomes Among Healthy Adults. [2021]
Insulin-sensitivity response to a single bout of resistive exercise in type 1 diabetes mellitus. [2019]
Relationships with physical activity. [2013]
Progressive resistance exercise improves glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. [2022]
Comparable Effects of Brief Resistance Exercise and Isotime Sprint Interval Exercise on Glucose Homeostasis in Men. [2019]
Insulin sensitivity not modulated 24 to 78 h after acute resistance exercise in type 2 diabetes patients. [2013]
11.United Statespubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Altered insulin response to an acute bout of exercise in pediatric obesity. [2021]