Facial pain is a common chronic complaint and can affect the quality of life of an individual. Treatment is typically symptom-based, with a focus on pain and avoiding exacerbating conditions. The American Dental Association lists common treatments for facial pain and their effectiveness. If oral medication, dental procedures and other non-invasive techniques are not effective, more invasive, non-specific procedures may be helpful.\n
Facial pain is common (about 45% in this survey) but its underlying cause is not always identifiable. Painful temporomandibular joint may be one of its cause; it is likely common in bruxism. Pain in lower facial and neck area is more likely due to cervical spondylosis. Pain in the upper facial region is more likely due to degenerative nasolacrimal duct blockage.
This review suggests that facial pain is the most common symptom of the chronic inflammatory process that causes a condition now called giant cell arteritis. Symptoms other than headache can be used to help establish the diagnosis.
Treatment for facial pain must be based on a patient's history and physical examination to identify any other pathology. The nature of a sore or muscle trigger can help to direct treatment. A muscle trigger of facial pain may require surgical division. Triggers are best treated with a combination of NSAIDs and paracetamol (acetaminophen).
Around 2.5 million people in the United States will have facial pain in 2019. More than half a million will be under 50 years old.
A history of previous head or neck trauma and symptoms of facial nerve dysfunction, including a sense of weakness of a side of the face, decreased movement of a tongue, and weakness or numbness of an affected muscle are some of the signs of facial pain. Most importantly, facial pain can be a physical manifestation of psychological issues, such as PTSD or anxiety. The treatment of facial pain and associated symptoms should be done in collaboration with a psychiatrist and a plastic surgeon.
Clinical research guidelines have been developed in the past decade, but most of the recent studies have included less people. Additional research, using larger sample sizes, is needed. To provide evidence-based care, healthcare providers should incorporate clinical research, not only based on research to guide decision making, but the latest research with the largest population of people possible.
For people with chronic non-infective facial pain, the 1% lidocaine and 0.4% methylprednisolone injections showed a significant benefit for pain and tender point detection, but there was very low incidence of numbness.
The average reported age of facial pain diagnosis is 55 with a wide age distribution and is greater than in the general population. In the United States, there is no national mean reported age of diagnosing facial pain among adults.
A trigger point injection in addition to the routine injections in the same spot is as effective as the routine injection in reducing pain and improving function at immediate and short-term followup.
These data suggest that TRM is rare and most commonly related to adverse events and is often less than 1% for both a single TR and multiple TRs (2 or more) injection. TRM is not due solely to injection.
In a recent study, findings of this study do not support the occurrence of facial pain as an inherited trait. In a recent study, findings support the contention that facial pain may have a psychological and non-genetic origin.