Study Summary
This trial will study the effects of combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) with Constraint Induced Language Therapy (CILT) in subjects with chronic aphasia. The primary outcome measure will be change from baseline in the Western Aphasia Battery Aphasia Quotient at 6 months after the end of TMS treatment.
Treatment Effectiveness
Effectiveness Progress
Study Objectives
1 Primary · 1 Secondary · Reporting Duration: 6-months post-treatment
Trial Safety
Safety Progress
Trial Design
2 Treatment Groups
Active TMS
1 of 2
Sham TMS
1 of 2
Active Control
Non-Treatment Group
83 Total Participants · 2 Treatment Groups
Primary Treatment: Active TMS · Has Placebo Group · Phase 2
Trial Logistics
Trial Timeline
Who is running the clinical trial?
Eligibility Criteria
Age 18 - 80 · All Participants · 3 Total Inclusion Criteria
Mark “Yes” if the following statements are true for you:- Nicholas, Linda E., and Robert H. Brookshire. 1993. “A System for Quantifying the Informativeness and Efficiency of the Connected Speech of Adults with Aphasia”. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. American Speech Language Hearing Association. doi:10.1044/jshr.3602.338.
- Thiel, Alexander, Alexander Hartmann, Ilona Rubi-Fessen, Carole Anglade, Lutz Kracht, Nora Weiduschat, Josef Kessler, Thomas Rommel, and Wolf-Dieter Heiss. 2013. “Effects of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation on Language Networks and Recovery in Early Poststroke Aphasia”. Stroke. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). doi:10.1161/strokeaha.111.000574.
- Pulvermüller, Friedemann, Bettina Neininger, Thomas Elbert, Bettina Mohr, Brigitte Rockstroh, Peter Koebbel, and Edward Taub. 2001. “Constraint-induced Therapy of Chronic Aphasia After Stroke”. Stroke. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). doi:10.1161/01.str.32.7.1621.
- Avenanti, A., M. Coccia, E. Ladavas, L. Provinciali, and M. G. Ceravolo. 2012. “Low-frequency Rtms Promotes Use-dependent Motor Plasticity in Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Trial”. Neurology. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182436558.
- Martin, Paula I., Margaret A. Naeser, Michael Ho, Ethan Treglia, Elina Kaplan, Errol H. Baker, and Alvaro Pascual-Leone. 2009. “Research with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Aphasia”. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1007/s11910-009-0067-9.
- Seniów, Joanna, Konrad Waldowski, Marcin Leśniak, Szczepan Iwański, Wojciech Czepiel, and Anna Członkowska. 2013. “Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Speech and Language Training in Early Aphasia Rehabilitation: A Randomized Double-blind Controlled Pilot Study”. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation. Informa UK Limited. doi:10.1310/tsr2003-250.
- Meinzer, Marcus, Amy D. Rodriguez, and Leslie J. Gonzalez Rothi. 2012. “First Decade of Research on Constrained-induced Treatment Approaches for Aphasia Rehabilitation”. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2011.06.040.
- Medina, Jared, Catherine Norise, Olufunsho Faseyitan, H. Branch Coslett, Peter E. Turkeltaub, and Roy H. Hamilton. 2012. “Finding the Right Words: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Improves Discourse Productivity in Non-fluent Aphasia After Stroke”. Aphasiology. Informa UK Limited. doi:10.1080/02687038.2012.710316.
- Naeser, Margaret A., Paula I. Martin, Hugo Theoret, Masahito Kobayashi, Felipe Fregni, Marjorie Nicholas, Jose M. Tormos, Megan S. Steven, Errol H. Baker, and Alvaro Pascual-Leone. 2011. “TMS Suppression of Right Pars Triangularis, but Not Pars Opercularis, Improves Naming in Aphasia”. Brain and Language. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2011.07.005.
- MAHER, LYNN M., DIANE KENDALL, JENNIFER A. SWEARENGIN, AMY RODRIGUEZ, SUSAN A. LEON, KARYN PINGEL, AUDREY HOLLAND, and LESLIE J. GONZALEZ ROTHI. 2006. “A Pilot Study of Use-dependent Learning in the Context of Constraint Induced Language Therapy”. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. Cambridge University Press (CUP). doi:10.1017/s1355617706061029.
- Barwood, Caroline H.S., Bruce E. Murdoch, Brooke-Mai Whelan, David Lloyd, Stephan Riek, John D. O’Sullivan, Alan Coulthard, and Andrew Wong. 2012. “Improved Receptive and Expressive Language Abilities in Nonfluent Aphasic Stroke Patients After Application of Rtms: An Open Protocol Case Series”. Brain Stimulation. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.brs.2011.03.005.
- Kindler, Jochen, Rahel Schumacher, Dario Cazzoli, Klemens Gutbrod, Monica Koenig, Thomas Nyffeler, Thomas Dierks, and René M. Müri. 2012. “Theta Burst Stimulation over the Right Broca's Homologue Induces Improvement of Naming in Aphasic Patients”. Stroke. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). doi:10.1161/strokeaha.111.647503.
- Martin, Paula I., Ethan Treglia, Margaret A. Naeser, Michael D. Ho, Errol H. Baker, Elizabeth G. Martin, Shahid Bashir, and Alvaro Pascual-Leone. 2014. “Language Improvements After TMS Plus Modified CILT: Pilot, Open-protocol Study with Two, Chronic Nonfluent Aphasia Cases”. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience. IOS Press. doi:10.3233/rnn-130365.
- NAESER, M, P MARTIN, M NICHOLAS, E BAKER, H SEEKINS, M KOBAYASHI, H THEORET, F FREGNI, J MARIATORMOS, and J KURLAND. 2005. “Improved Picture Naming in Chronic Aphasia After TMS to Part of Right Broca?s Area: An Open-protocol Study”. Brain and Language. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2004.08.004.
- Shewan, Cynthia M., and Andrew Kertesz. 1980. “Reliability and Validity Characteristics of the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB)”. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders. American Speech Language Hearing Association. doi:10.1044/jshd.4503.308.
- Barwood, Caroline H.S., Bruce E. Murdoch, Stephan Riek, John D. O'Sullivan, Andrew Wong, David Lloyd, and Alan Coulthard. 2013. “Long Term Language Recovery Subsequent to Low Frequency Rtms in Chronic Non-fluent Aphasia”. Edited by Roger Ll. Wood. Neurorehabilitation. IOS Press. doi:10.3233/nre-130915.
- Hamilton, Roy H., Linda Sanders, Jennifer Benson, Olufunsho Faseyitan, Catherine Norise, Margaret Naeser, Paula Martin, and H. Branch Coslett. 2010. “Stimulating Conversation: Enhancement of Elicited Propositional Speech in a Patient with Chronic Non-fluent Aphasia Following Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation”. Brain and Language. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2010.01.001.
- Kakuda, Wataru, Masahiro Abo, Ryo Momosaki, and Azusa Morooka. 2011. “Therapeutic Application of 6-hz-primed Low-frequency Rtms Combined with Intensive Speech Therapy for Post-stroke Aphasia”. Brain Injury. Informa UK Limited. doi:10.3109/02699052.2011.608212.
- Kakuda, Wataru, Masahiro Abo, Go Uruma, Nobuyoshi Kaito, and Motoi Watanabe. 2010. “Low-frequency Rtms with Language Therapy over a 3-month Period for Sensory-dominant Aphasia: Case Series of Two Post-stroke Japanese Patients”. Brain Injury. Informa UK Limited. doi:10.3109/02699052.2010.494587.
- Naeser, Margaret A., Paula I. Martin, Kristine Lundgren, Reva Klein, Jerome Kaplan, Ethan Treglia, Michael Ho, Marjorie Nicholas, Miguel Alonso, and Alvaro Pascual-Leone. 2010. “Improved Language in a Chronic Nonfluent Aphasia Patient After Treatment with CPAP and TMS”. Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). doi:10.1097/wnn.0b013e3181bf2d20.
- Szaflarski, Jerzy P., Jennifer Vannest, Steve W. Wu, Mark W. DiFrancesco, Christi Banks, and Donald L. Gilbert. 2011. “Same”. Medical Science Monitor. International Scientific Information, Inc.. doi:10.12659/msm.881446.
- Weiduschat, Nora, Alexander Thiel, Ilona Rubi-Fessen, Alexander Hartmann, Josef Kessler, Patrick Merl, Lutz Kracht, Thomas Rommel, and Wolf Dieter Heiss. 2011. “Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Aphasic Stroke”. Stroke. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). doi:10.1161/strokeaha.110.597864.
- Abo, Masahiro, Wataru Kakuda, Motoi Watanabe, Azusa Morooka, Katsuya Kawakami, and Atsushi Senoo. 2012. “Effectiveness of Low-frequency Rtms and Intensive Speech Therapy in Poststroke Patients with Aphasia: A Pilot Study Based on Evaluation by Fmri in Relation to Type of Aphasia”. European Neurology. S. Karger AG. doi:10.1159/000338773.
- Hara, Takatoshi, Masahiro Abo, Kentaro Kobayashi, Motoi Watanabe, Wataru Kakuda, and Atushi Senoo. 2015. “Effects of Low-frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Intensive Speech Therapy on Cerebral Blood Flow in Post-stroke Aphasia”. Translational Stroke Research. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1007/s12975-015-0417-7.
- Kakuda, Wataru, Masahiro Abo, Masato Shimizu, Jinichi Sasanuma, Takatsugu Okamoto, Aki Yokoi, Kensuke Taguchi, et al.. 2012. “A Multi-center Study on Low-frequency Rtms Combined with Intensive Occupational Therapy for Upper Limb Hemiparesis in Post-stroke Patients”. Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1186/1743-0003-9-4.
- Khedr, Eman M., Noha Abo El-Fetoh, Anwer M. Ali, Dina H. El-Hammady, Hosam Khalifa, Haisam Atta, and Ahmed A. Karim. 2014. “Dual-hemisphere Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Rehabilitation of Poststroke Aphasia”. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair. SAGE Publications. doi:10.1177/1545968314521009.
- Naeser, Margaret A., Paula I Martin, Marjorie Nicholas, Errol H. Baker, Heidi Seekins, Nancy Helm-Estabrooks, Carol Cayer-Meade, et al.. 2005. “Improved Naming After TMS Treatments in a Chronic, Global Aphasia Patient – Case Report”. Neurocase. Informa UK Limited. doi:10.1080/13554790590944663.
- Waldowski, Konrad, Joanna Seniów, Marcin Leśniak, Szczepan Iwański, and Anna Członkowska. 2012. “Effect of Low-frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Naming Abilities in Early-stroke Aphasic Patients: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind Sham-controlled Study”. The Scientific World Journal. Hindawi Limited. doi:10.1100/2012/518568.
- Goral, Mira, and Daniel Kempler. 2009. “Training Verb Production in Communicative Context: Evidence from a Person with Chronic Non‐fluent Aphasia”. Aphasiology. Informa UK Limited. doi:10.1080/02687030802235203.
- Martin, Paula, Margaret Naeser, Hugo Theoret, Jose Maria Tormos, Marjorie Nicholas, Jacquie Kurland, Felipe Fregni, Heidi Seekins, Karl Doron, and Alvaro Pascual-Leone. 2004. “Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Complementary Treatment for Aphasia”. Seminars in Speech and Language. Georg Thieme Verlag KG. doi:10.1055/s-2004-825654.
- Howard, D., & Patterson, K. E. (1992). The Pyramids and Palm Trees Test: A Test of Semantic Access from Words and Pictures. Thames Valley Test Company. Retrieved from books.google.com/books?id=dykONQAACAAJ
- Ruff, R. M. (1996). Ruff figural fluency test: professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources.
- Barthel, G., Meinzer, M., Djundja, D., & Rockstroh, B. (2008). Intensive language therapy in chronic aphasia: Which aspects contribute most? Aphasiology, 22(4), 408-421.
- Avenanti, A., M. Coccia, E. Ladavas, L. Provinciali, and M. G. Ceravolo. 2012. “Low-frequency Rtms Promotes Use-dependent Motor Plasticity in Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Trial”. Neurology. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182436558.
- Hamilton, Roy H., Linda Sanders, Jennifer Benson, Olufunsho Faseyitan, Catherine Norise, Margaret Naeser, Paula Martin, and H. Branch Coslett. 2010. “Stimulating Conversation: Enhancement of Elicited Propositional Speech in a Patient with Chronic Non-fluent Aphasia Following Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation”. Brain and Language. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2010.01.001.
- Martin, Paula, Margaret Naeser, Hugo Theoret, Jose Maria Tormos, Marjorie Nicholas, Jacquie Kurland, Felipe Fregni, Heidi Seekins, Karl Doron, and Alvaro Pascual-Leone. 2004. “Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Complementary Treatment for Aphasia”. Seminars in Speech and Language. Georg Thieme Verlag KG. doi:10.1055/s-2004-825654.
- Medina, Jared, Catherine Norise, Olufunsho Faseyitan, H. Branch Coslett, Peter E. Turkeltaub, and Roy H. Hamilton. 2012. “Finding the Right Words: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Improves Discourse Productivity in Non-fluent Aphasia After Stroke”. Aphasiology. Informa UK Limited. doi:10.1080/02687038.2012.710316.
- Naeser, Margaret A., Paula I. Martin, Kristine Lundgren, Reva Klein, Jerome Kaplan, Ethan Treglia, Michael Ho, Marjorie Nicholas, Miguel Alonso, and Alvaro Pascual-Leone. 2010. “Improved Language in a Chronic Nonfluent Aphasia Patient After Treatment with CPAP and TMS”. Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). doi:10.1097/wnn.0b013e3181bf2d20.
- NAESER, M, P MARTIN, M NICHOLAS, E BAKER, H SEEKINS, M KOBAYASHI, H THEORET, F FREGNI, J MARIATORMOS, and J KURLAND. 2005. “Improved Picture Naming in Chronic Aphasia After TMS to Part of Right Broca?s Area: An Open-protocol Study”. Brain and Language. Elsevier BV. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2004.08.004.
- Nicholas LE, Brookshire RH. A system for quantifying the informativeness and efficiency of the connected speech of adults with aphasia. J Speech Hear Res. 1993 Apr;36(2):338-50. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3602.338.
- Seniow J, Waldowski K, Lesniak M, Iwanski S, Czepiel W, Czlonkowska A. Transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with speech and language training in early aphasia rehabilitation: a randomized double-blind controlled pilot study. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2013 May-Jun;20(3):250-61. doi: 10.1310/tsr2003-250.
- Shewan CM, Kertesz A. Reliability and validity characteristics of the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB). J Speech Hear Disord. 1980 Aug;45(3):308-24. doi: 10.1044/jshd.4503.308.
- Pulvermuller F, Neininger B, Elbert T, Mohr B, Rockstroh B, Koebbel P, Taub E. Constraint-induced therapy of chronic aphasia after stroke. Stroke. 2001 Jul;32(7):1621-6. doi: 10.1161/01.str.32.7.1621.
- Medina J, Norise C, Faseyitan O, Coslett HB, Turkeltaub PE, Hamilton RH. Finding the Right Words: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Improves Discourse Productivity in Non-fluent Aphasia After Stroke. Aphasiology. 2012 Sep 1;26(9):1153-1168. doi: 10.1080/02687038.2012.710316. Epub 2012 Aug 29.
- Martin PI, Naeser MA, Theoret H, Tormos JM, Nicholas M, Kurland J, Fregni F, Seekins H, Doron K, Pascual-Leone A. Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a complementary treatment for aphasia. Semin Speech Lang. 2004 May;25(2):181-91. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-825654.
- Naeser MA, Martin PI, Nicholas M, Baker EH, Seekins H, Helm-Estabrooks N, Cayer-Meade C, Kobayashi M, Theoret H, Fregni F, Tormos JM, Kurland J, Doron KW, Pascual-Leone A. Improved naming after TMS treatments in a chronic, global aphasia patient--case report. Neurocase. 2005 Jun;11(3):182-93. doi: 10.1080/13554790590944663.
- Goral M, Kempler D. TRAINING VERB PRODUCTION IN COMMUNICATIVE CONTEXT: EVIDENCE FROM A PERSON WITH CHRONIC NON-FLUENT APHASIA. Aphasiology. 2009 Dec 12;23(12):1383-1397. doi: 10.1080/02687030802235203.
- Kindler J, Schumacher R, Cazzoli D, Gutbrod K, Koenig M, Nyffeler T, Dierks T, Muri RM. Theta burst stimulation over the right Broca's homologue induces improvement of naming in aphasic patients. Stroke. 2012 Aug;43(8):2175-9. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.647503. Epub 2012 May 10.
- Hamilton RH, Sanders L, Benson J, Faseyitan O, Norise C, Naeser M, Martin P, Coslett HB. Stimulating conversation: enhancement of elicited propositional speech in a patient with chronic non-fluent aphasia following transcranial magnetic stimulation. Brain Lang. 2010 Apr;113(1):45-50. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2010.01.001. Epub 2010 Feb 16. Erratum In: Brain Lang.2010 May;113(2):101.
- Waldowski K, Seniow J, Lesniak M, Iwanski S, Czlonkowska A. Effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on naming abilities in early-stroke aphasic patients: a prospective, randomized, double-blind sham-controlled study. ScientificWorldJournal. 2012;2012:518568. doi: 10.1100/2012/518568. Epub 2012 Nov 20.
- Naeser MA, Martin PI, Nicholas M, Baker EH, Seekins H, Kobayashi M, Theoret H, Fregni F, Maria-Tormos J, Kurland J, Doron KW, Pascual-Leone A. Improved picture naming in chronic aphasia after TMS to part of right Broca's area: an open-protocol study. Brain Lang. 2005 Apr;93(1):95-105. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2004.08.004.
- Meinzer M, Rodriguez AD, Gonzalez Rothi LJ. First decade of research on constrained-induced treatment approaches for aphasia rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012 Jan;93(1 Suppl):S35-45. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.06.040.
- Szaflarski JP, Vannest J, Wu SW, DiFrancesco MW, Banks C, Gilbert DL. Excitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation induces improvements in chronic post-stroke aphasia. Med Sci Monit. 2011 Feb 25;17(3):CR132-9. doi: 10.12659/msm.881446.
- Maher LM, Kendall D, Swearengin JA, Rodriguez A, Leon SA, Pingel K, Holland A, Rothi LJ. A pilot study of use-dependent learning in the context of Constraint Induced Language Therapy. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2006 Nov;12(6):843-52. doi: 10.1017/S1355617706061029.
- Martin PI, Naeser MA, Ho M, Treglia E, Kaplan E, Baker EH, Pascual-Leone A. Research with transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of aphasia. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2009 Nov;9(6):451-8. doi: 10.1007/s11910-009-0067-9.
- H. Branch Coslett 2019. "Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Constraint Induced Language Therapy for Chronic Aphasia". ClinicalTrials.gov. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03651700.
Frequently Asked Questions
May I join the research endeavor?
"Eligibility requirements for this medical trial state that participants must be diagnosed with aphasia and between the ages of 18-80. A maximum of 83 patients may join the study." - Anonymous Online Contributor
Has Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation been validated by the FDA?
"As this is a Phase 2 Clinical Trial, with minimal evidence for efficacy and some data to support safety, our team at Power has assigned Active TMS a score of 2." - Anonymous Online Contributor
Is the age of consent sufficient to qualify for enrollment in this research?
"This research is looking for participants who are aged 18 years and above, but below 80." - Anonymous Online Contributor
How many participants are being accepted into this research endeavor?
"Affirmative. Clinicaltrials.gov data suggests that participant recruitment for this medical trial, which commenced on March 28th 2019, is ongoing. This project seeks 83 test subjects from a single site." - Anonymous Online Contributor
Are there any remaining vacancies in this experiment for participants?
"The clinicaltrials.gov website shows that this research is currently recruiting participants. The trial was initially launched on March 28th 2019 and its details were recently updated on August 15th 2022." - Anonymous Online Contributor