INO-A002 for Dengue

Dengue can be averted by implementing a comprehensive and effective disease prevention and control programme. The disease burden of dengue should be reduced further to allow for wider use of this control technique.

The manifestations of dengue can differ according to the immune competence of a patient. The symptoms can be grouped according to the four phases of dengue.\n

About 2.6 million people are found to have dengue antibodies yearly in the United States with no apparent differences between urban centers and their suburban and rural counterparts. Dengue vaccine is recommended to all age groups including children in the United States. Considering the recent dengue epidemic, it is important to implement a preventive program including vaccination as earlier as possible. It is also important to reinforce the proper laboratory technique for the detection of the dengue virus. Vaccines are available free of charge for any US citizen and there are several manufacturers in the US ready to sell them. The Centers for Disease Control, United States Department of Health and Human Services and state governments are also actively committed to offering free vaccination to the public in the US.

A large proportion of dengue patients (69%) were not receiving any treatment. The most common treatment among those patients that received any treatment was topical paracetamol, followed by antibiotics. Of the patients evaluated in this survey, more than half (57.6%) of the dengue and 79.4% of the adenovirus positive patients required further evaluation for suspicion of coinfection with either influenza or HIV. Recent findings of this study highlight the need for increased awareness of both dengue and adenovirus among doctors.

There are many risk factors associated with contracting dengue. The majority of these risk factors are related to human behavior and socioeconomic factors. The disease has also been reported as a result of other environmental health risks. These include water sanitation, poverty, over-saturation of hospitals, overcrowded living areas, lack of proper housing, and an improper living environment all of which are in association with the disease.

The present study provides a novel mechanism of action of the drug against DENV infection through a novel antiviral mechanism, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach to treat DENV infection.

We describe an experience from South Eastern Brazil with the clinical management of dengue patients. Although the severity and mortality are extremely low in our study context, the clinical and laboratory characteristics of dengue are frequently similar with those of severe dengue. To decrease hospitalization and clinical severity of this disease to diminish its impact on the community and on private health care expenditure, prompt clinical suspicion of severe dengue is needed.

Ino-a002, at a dose of 5 g/day, resulted in a non-significant trend towards reduced dengue severity for all measured outcomes (EQ-5D score and VAS score).

Although the number of cases is relatively small, this study suggests that familial clustering is still present in dengue among families living in the area studied and that there may be a genetic component in some families to the presence of disease.

In terms of ino-a002's efficacy, the study demonstrated both in-and intergroup (yo-a002 vs placebo) statistically significant improvement in the majority of patients. Despite this observation, some patients were not in their'responder' range (yo-a002). This observation, as in other patients, suggests that patient response is in the 'interindividual' range. The data from this study strongly support the potential of ino-a002 for the treatment of milder forms of the disease with the presence and absence of other illnesses. However, the potential for patients to develop drug-induced hypophosphatemia is a concern and further testing is needed.