Abemaciclib for Urinary Bladder Cancer

There are many rare cancers that can present with urinary tract symptoms like hesitancy to urinate, pain, bladder outflow obstruction, or frequency. The presence of palpable masses on a bladder cystoscopy should prompt surgeons to exclude other bladder pathology.

Treatment for urinary [bladder cancer](https://www.withpower.com/clinical-trials/bladder-cancer) is currently dependent on the stage of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. There is currently no cure for urinary bladder cancer, therefore, treatments are focused on managing pain, as well as delaying the cancer further until the treatment of the cancer is not essential anymore. Because of the different treatments available to manage symptom relief, there is a wide range of treatments for pain management at the bedside. These treatments include intravesical instillations of chemotherapy and the use of alpha blockers. Other strategies include the administration of anti-cancer agents, such as cisplatin, 5-FU or paclitaxel. Some treatments are only used for patients who are already in the advanced stages of their cancer.

• Tumor size, multiplicity, metastases, and histological grade are all important factors that influence treatment choice. • The choice of radiation dose, chemotherapy regimen, and urology consultation should be determined based on tumor size, grade, metastasis, and treatment-related complications. • Prognosis is determined by many complicated factors, including age, disease stage, and baseline health. • Clinical trials and long-term follow-up are suggested in order to understand the effects of different treatment plans and to improve outcomes.

Currently, there is a 0,002% incidence of bladder cancer in the United States. In the past 10 years though (1996 to 2006) the incidence rate decreased by about 22%. These decreases may be partly attributable to declining use of cytological screening for urothelial carcinoma, urinary tract infections, and over-the-counter anticholinergics.

Dysuria (difficulty passing urine), hematuria (blood in the urine), and frequency (increased urination) are signs of bladder cancer. The presence of bladder tenderness also points to this diagnosis. These signs are present in up to 70% of cases. The presence of one or more of these signs does not by itself imply bladder cancer. Patients must be referred on the basis of the signs because many clinicians are unfamiliar with the symptoms of bladder cancer. The symptoms associated with bladder cancer are so many that clinicians need to work with multiple symptoms when diagnosing a urinary tract disorder. The signs and symptoms of urinary bladder disease are similar to those found in other illnesses and thus physicians with clinical experience in that body should be involved.

It is not clear whether this may be a hereditary condition or related to the amount of fluid in the bladder. Tobacco and alcohol seem to be significant causes in this group of patients. The association of the bladder cancer risk with smoking habits and drinking alcohol does not mean that the process leading to bladder cancer is caused by these substances. Tobacco and alcohol are known to cause damage to the urothelium that provides the urinary bladder with an ultrafiltering and barrier function. It remains for others to demonstrate whether bladder cancer can be prevented by quitting smoking and stopping alcohol consumption.

These data do not support the notion that urinary bladder cancer run in families. However, with our sample sizes limited, the absence of an effect might simply reflect sampling error.

More recent studies have shown that [bladder cancer](https://www.withpower.com/clinical-trials/bladder-cancer) tends to spread slowly (Figure 6, 7), but the time taken for the disease to progress differs. The 5-year survival rate for patients with localized cancer (< or=3 cm) is 60%. Patients with metastatic disease (< or =3 cm) have a 5-year survival rate of 42.5%. For patients with advanced disease (3 cm-T1a or T1b, or N x T-stage<2, but no regional lymph nodes involved), the prognosis is worse: the expected 5-year survival rate is 25%.

The safety profile of abemaciclib in women with breast cancer is similar to that of previously reported in combination trials with aromatase inhibitors. Data from a recent study, combined with recently published data showing significant antitumour activity of abemaciclib with minimal toxicity in women with advanced breast cancer, highlight the pivotal role of the E2 axis in breast cancer development and progression.

The average age at diagnosis of bladder cancer is 70, which is nearly 20 years earlier than in the 1950s. This trend, particularly among women, has been attributed to changes in lifestyles. An alternative explanation is that increased life expectancy following World War I and subsequent improvements in the health of people in some countries have led to an earlier onset of bladder cancer in later life.

There is no evidence for abemaciclib's use in combination with any other cancer therapies in the current or previous trials. Data from a recent study suggest that the use of abemaciclib may be contraindicated in patients treated with platinum-based doublet or combination chemotherapy.