Quit Line Referral Support for Smoking

Age: 18+

Sex: Any

Trial Phase: Academic

Sponsor: University of Wisconsin, Madison

Disqualifiers: Children under 18, language barriers

No Placebo Group All trial participants will receive the active study treatment (no placebo)

Compensation: Varies

Number of Visits: Unknown

233 Participants Needed

Trial Summary

What is the purpose of this trial?

The goal of this clinical trial is to understand how the Salvation Army staff can help people who use tobacco learn about and connect with no-cost treatments to help cut down or quit smoking. Researchers will gather information about the thoughts and experiences of people who smoke tobacco and receive services at the Salvation Army, as well as the experiences of the staff offering support to help treat tobacco use.

Do I need to stop taking my current medications to join the trial?

The trial information does not specify whether you need to stop taking your current medications. It focuses on helping people quit smoking, so it's best to ask the study team for more details.

What data supports the effectiveness of the treatment Cognitive-Motivational Feedback, Consumer Incentives for Immediate Referral to a Tobacco Quit Line, Staff Tobacco Quit Line Referral Implementation Support for smoking cessation?

Research shows that personalized feedback can double the rate of continuous smoking abstinence, and financial incentives can improve recruitment and cessation outcomes, especially among low-income smokers. These findings suggest that combining feedback and incentives can effectively support smoking cessation efforts. ^{1 2 3 4 5}

Is the Quit Line Referral Support for Smoking safe for humans?

The research articles reviewed do not provide specific safety data for Quit Line Referral Support for Smoking or its related interventions. They focus on the effectiveness of financial incentives and referral methods for smoking cessation. ^{1 3 5 6 7}

How is the Quit Line Referral Support for Smoking treatment different from other smoking cessation treatments?

This treatment is unique because it combines cognitive-motivational feedback, consumer incentives, and staff support to encourage immediate referral to a tobacco quit line, which is not commonly used in standard smoking cessation programs. The use of financial incentives and personalized feedback aims to enhance engagement and success rates among smokers, particularly those from low-income backgrounds. ^{1 3 8 9 10}

Research Team

Danielle McCarthy, PhD

Principal Investigator

University of Wisconsin, Madison

Eligibility Criteria

This trial is for adults over 18 who are involved with the Salvation Army, either receiving or providing social services, and can communicate in English, Spanish, or another language with interpreter support. It's not open to children under 18 or those unable to speak a common language.

Inclusion Criteria

Involved in the management, delivery, or receipt of social services at a participating Salvation Army site, or a member of the University of Wisconsin-Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention Outreach Team supporting Wisconsin Tobacco Quit Line implementation

Exclusion Criteria

I cannot communicate in the same language as the study team or an available interpreter.

I am under 18 years old.

Timeline

Screening

Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial

2-4 weeks

Implementation Planning

Planning and preparation for implementing strategies to connect consumers with the Wisconsin Tobacco Quit Line

3 months

Implementation

Pilot testing and refining enhanced implementation support and incentive strategies at Salvation Army sites

18 months

Ongoing support and training sessions

Follow-up

Participants are monitored for effectiveness of the implementation strategies and tobacco use outcomes

6 months

Treatment Details

Interventions

• Cognitive-Motivational Feedback
• Consumer Incentives for Immediate Referral to a Tobacco Quit Line
• Staff Tobacco Quit Line Referral Implementation Support

Trial Overview The study tests how effective different methods are at helping tobacco users quit. This includes cognitive-motivational feedback, staff training on referring people to a Tobacco Quit Line, and offering incentives for immediate referrals.

Participant Groups

Group I: Incentivized Immediate Wisconsin Tobacco Quit Line (WTQL) Referral Experimental Treatment 3 Interventions

In this experimental condition, Salvation Army personnel will implement an incentive strategy designed to encourage Salvation Army consumers to accept immediate referral to the WTQL. The incentive strategy will be adapted by Salvation Army personnel to fit in the local context, and staff will receive training and ongoing support in implementation of the incentive strategy. The modest incentives will be added in a staggered manner across the 2 Salvation Army sites participating in this pilot trial, after at least 3 months of implementing WTQL referral without consumer incentives for immediate calls.

Group II: Enhanced Wisconsin Tobacco Quit Line (WTQL) Referral Implementation Support Experimental Treatment 2 Interventions

Both participating sites in this pilot study will be in this experimental enhanced implementation support arm to help us iteratively enhance the feasibility, acceptability, and sustainability of implementation strategies to support WTQL referral in these sites. Salvation Army personnel at participating sites will receive implementation training and ongoing support to help enhance the fit of WTQL referral in their workflows, culture, and climate, and to enhance staff readiness to connect the consumers they serve with the WTQL. No consumer incentives for connecting with the Quit Line immediately by phone will be offered in this arm so it can serve as active comparator condition for the incentivized arm described below.

Who Is Running the Clinical Trial?

University of Wisconsin, Madison

Lead Sponsor

Trials

1,249

Recruited

3,255,000+

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Collaborator

Trials

2,896

Recruited

8,053,000+

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Collaborator

Trials

14,080

Recruited

41,180,000+

Findings from Research

A study involving 1,217 participants found that personalized feedback significantly improved smoking cessation rates, with continuous abstinence at 3 and 12 months being twice as high in the feedback group compared to others.

In contrast, while a financial incentive increased the use of self-help materials, it did not improve cessation rates and was linked to higher relapse rates among those who quit.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Evaluation of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation interventions with a self-help smoking cessation program. Curry, SJ., Wagner, EH., Grothaus, LC.[2019]

A study involving 5200 Medicaid smokers showed that financial incentives significantly increased re-engagement in quitline services, with a dose-response effect observed; higher incentives led to higher re-engagement rates.

Mailed letters were more effective than phone calls for re-engagement, and the likelihood of re-engaging decreased as time since initial enrollment increased, highlighting the importance of timely interventions for smokers.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Re-engagement of Low-Income Smokers in Quitline Services: Effects of Incentives and Method of Contact. Cummins, SE., Kirby, CA., Wong, S., et al.[2023]

In a study involving 35 smokers, those who were more dependent on nicotine (smoking within 5 minutes of waking) required a higher financial incentive to quit, highlighting the varying motivations among smokers.

The use of a willingness-to-accept (WTA) auction led to a 45% quit rate among participants who won the auction, compared to only 20% for those who did not win, suggesting that tailored financial incentives can significantly enhance smoking cessation success.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Going Once, Going Twice: Using Willingness-to-Accept Auctions to Promote Smoking Cessation. Quisenberry, AJ., Shaw, S., Ferketich, AK., et al.[2021]

A pay-for-performance program significantly increased the rate of referrals to tobacco quitline services, with intervention clinics referring 11.4% of smokers compared to only 4.2% in usual care clinics, based on a study involving 49 clinics.

The program was particularly effective in clinics that had previously been less engaged in quality improvement, demonstrating that financial incentives can enhance clinician referral rates to evidence-based smoking cessation resources.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

A randomized trial of a pay-for-performance program targeting clinician referral to a state tobacco quitline. An, LC., Bluhm, JH., Foldes, SS., et al.[2022]

References

1. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Practice-based referrals to a tobacco cessation quit line: assessing the impact of comparative feedback vs general reminders. [2022]

2. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Evaluation of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation interventions with a self-help smoking cessation program. [2019]

3. England pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Re-engagement of Low-Income Smokers in Quitline Services: Effects of Incentives and Method of Contact. [2023]

4. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

A randomized controlled trial of financial incentives to low income pregnant women to engage in smoking cessation treatment: Effects on post-birth abstinence. [2019]

5. England pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Give It Up For Baby: outcomes and factors influencing uptake of a pilot smoking cessation incentive scheme for pregnant women. [2021]

6. England pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Effects of large financial incentives on motivation to quit smoking and on cigarette dependence. [2023]

7. England pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Going Once, Going Twice: Using Willingness-to-Accept Auctions to Promote Smoking Cessation. [2021]

8. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

A randomized, controlled trial of adding expired carbon monoxide feedback to brief stop smoking advice: evaluation of cognitive and behavioral effects. [2022]

9. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

A randomized trial of a pay-for-performance program targeting clinician referral to a state tobacco quitline. [2022]

10. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Does offering more support calls to smokers influence quit success? [2015]