Milk Nutrient Absorption for Nutrition

Age: 18+
Sex: Any
Trial Phase: Academic
Sponsor: Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Illinois Institute of Technology
No Placebo GroupAll trial participants will receive the active study treatment (no placebo)

What You Need to Know Before You Apply

What is the purpose of this trial?

This trial aims to compare how well the body absorbs important nutrients such as vitamin D, calcium, potassium, and magnesium from various types of milk, including cow's milk and plant-based alternatives like almond, soy, and oat milk. Participants will drink one type of milk for a week, after which nutrient absorption will be measured through blood samples. The study suits individuals in good health who do not smoke, have no major health issues, and are willing to avoid certain foods and supplements for a few weeks. As an unphased trial, it offers participants the chance to contribute to valuable nutritional research that could influence dietary recommendations.

Will I have to stop taking my current medications?

The trial requires participants to stop taking certain medications and supplements that could interfere with the study, such as multivitamins, vitamin D, and other dietary supplements. There is a specific 'washout' period (time without taking certain medications) of three weeks for multivitamins and three months for vitamin D supplements before starting the study.

Is there any evidence suggesting that this trial's treatments are likely to be safe?

Research has shown that dairy milk is generally safe to drink and provides important nutrients like calcium and vitamin D. Studies suggest that up to three servings of dairy products a day are well-tolerated and can help maintain bone health.

Soy milk is also popular, but it contains compounds that might affect calcium absorption. However, it is often enriched with calcium and vitamin D to enhance its nutritional value. Some individuals might experience allergies or reactions to certain compounds in soy milk.

Oat milk is usually enriched with calcium, but natural compounds in oats can influence calcium absorption. Proper processing, such as pasteurization, ensures its safety.

Almond milk is another option typically enriched with calcium and other nutrients. It is generally safe, though it naturally contains less protein compared to other milk types.

In summary, all these milk options are generally safe and well-tolerated for most people, especially when enriched. Checking labels for added nutrients and being aware of personal allergies or dietary needs is always advisable.12345

Why are researchers excited about this trial?

Researchers are excited about this trial because it explores how different types of milk — dairy, soy, oat, and almond — affect the absorption of key nutrients like calcium, magnesium, potassium, and vitamin D. Unlike standard options that might focus on pills or fortified foods, this trial looks at everyday beverages and their natural nutrient profiles. Each milk type offers a unique nutrient composition and potential health benefits, which could lead to new insights on optimizing nutrition through simple dietary changes. By comparing these diverse milk options, researchers hope to discover more efficient ways to deliver essential nutrients.

What evidence suggests that this trial's treatments could be effective for nutrient absorption?

This trial will compare nutrient absorption from different types of milk: dairy milk, soy milk, oat milk, and almond milk. Research has shown that dairy milk provides important nutrients like calcium, vitamin D, potassium, and magnesium. The body absorbs about 30–40% of the calcium in dairy milk, which supports bone health. Studies indicate that fortified soy milk allows similar calcium absorption levels as cow's milk and contains more vitamins B1, B6, and E. Oat milk, with its high protein content, may aid digestion and nutrient absorption. Fortified almond milk offers calcium and vitamin D but generally contains fewer nutrients than dairy milk. Each type of milk has unique benefits, so the best choice depends on individual nutritional needs. Participants in this trial will consume one of these milk types to assess nutrient absorption.26789

Who Is on the Research Team?

CP

Chelsea Preiss

Principal Investigator

Illinois Institute of Technology

Are You a Good Fit for This Trial?

Healthy adults with a BMI of 20-40 kg/m2 and weight ≥110 lbs, not on certain medications (like proton pump inhibitors or anti-inflammatory drugs), non-smokers, and not pregnant. Participants must avoid multivitamins and vitamin-D supplements for three weeks prior to the study, as well as vigorous activity, caffeine, and alcohol before visits.

Inclusion Criteria

I can follow the study's requirements, including diet changes, taking treatments, and attending all visits.
I can avoid hard exercise, caffeine, and alcohol for 24 hours before and during the study visit.
I can keep up with my normal physical activities.
See 6 more

Exclusion Criteria

Has a known intolerance or sensitivity to any ingredients in the study products
I have been taking Vitamin D supplements regularly for the last 3 months.
I haven't used prebiotics, probiotics, drugs for gut movement, or laxatives in the last month.
See 24 more

Timeline for a Trial Participant

Screening

Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial

1 day
1 visit (in-person)

Pre-study

Participants learn how to participate in the trial and schedule their study visits

30 minutes
1 visit (in-person)

Treatment

Participants consume assigned milk or PBMA and undergo blood and urine sampling

1 week
3 visits (in-person)

Follow-up

Participants are monitored for nutrient absorption and safety after treatment

1 week
2 visits (in-person)

What Are the Treatments Tested in This Trial?

Interventions

  • Calcium
  • Magnesium
  • Potassium
  • Vitamin D
Trial Overview The trial is testing how well nutrients like vitamin D, calcium, potassium, and magnesium are absorbed from cow's milk compared to almond, soy, and oat milks in healthy subjects. Blood samples will be taken after consumption over one week to measure nutrient absorption.
How Is the Trial Designed?
4Treatment groups
Active Control
Group I: Dairy MilkActive Control1 Intervention
Group II: Soy MilkActive Control1 Intervention
Group III: Oat MilkActive Control1 Intervention
Group IV: Almond MilkActive Control1 Intervention

Find a Clinic Near You

Who Is Running the Clinical Trial?

Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Illinois Institute of Technology

Lead Sponsor

Trials
55
Recruited
3,000+

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Collaborator

Trials
184
Recruited
1,553,000+

Published Research Related to This Trial

A study comparing calcium absorption in 15 young and 20 elderly women found that soluble calcium citrate and calcium gluconolactate-carbonate are better absorbed than solid calcium citrate, indicating they may be more effective for treating osteoporosis.
Both young and elderly women showed similar absorption patterns, with soluble forms leading to greater increases in plasma calcium and urinary calcium excretion, suggesting that these forms could be beneficial for improving calcium intake in older adults.
Comparative study of the intestinal absorption of three salts of calcium in young and elderly women.Praet, JP., Peretz, A., Mets, T., et al.[2018]

Citations

Dairy and Plant-Based Milks: Implications for Nutrition and ...Dairy is considered a good source for three of five nutrients of concern identified in the 2020–2025 US Dietary Guidelines: calcium, potassium, and vitamin D [ ...
International Analysis of the Nutritional Content and a ...For the beverages that were vitamin D fortified, almond and coconut beverages had the lowest content of vitamin D, while pea protein had the ...
Almond Milk: Nutrition and Health BenefitsFortified almond milk is a good source of calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin E, low in calories and carbohydrates. While almond milk can be a ...
Plant-based milk substitutes: Bioactive compounds, ...Folate, vitamin C, D, and K have an impact on calcium absorption, and probiotics support vitamin synthesis and promote calcium absorption (Dubey & Matel, 2018).
Comparison of nutritional composition between plant- ...Compared with milk, the plant-based drinks contained lower amounts of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, zinc, sulfur, iodine, and chloride. No ...
EWG's Food Scores | Good & Gather Plant Based ...ALMONDMILK (FILTERED WATER, ALMONDS), CONTAINS LESS THAN 2% OF CALCIUM CARBONATE, DIPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE, SEA SALT, GELLAN GUM, SUNFLOWER LECITHIN, NATURAL ...
Assessing the Nutrient Content of Plant-Based Milk ...Fortification of plant-based milk with calcium may reduce vitamin D bioaccessibility: an in vitro digestion study. J Agric Food Chem. 2021; 69:4223-4233.
The Nutritional Pros & Cons of Popular Plant Based MilksAlmond milk is also rich in other nutrients like calcium, magnesium, and potassium. While almond milk naturally has lower protein content ...
Draft Guidance for IndustryLabeling of Plant-Based Milk ...Although calcium and vitamin D are important across the lifespan, calcium and vitamin D are critically needed ... Among these names are “soy milk” and “almond ...
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