Weight Loss for Obesity

Overseen By Sophia Bowen

Age: 18+

Sex: Any

Trial Phase: Academic

Sponsor: University of Colorado, Denver

Must not be taking: Hormone replacements, blood thinners

Disqualifiers: Diabetes, Thyroid disease, Lung disease, others

No Placebo Group All trial participants will receive the active study treatment (no placebo)

Compensation: Varies

Number of Visits: 2

Duration: 12 weeks

70 Participants Needed

What You Need to Know Before You Apply

What is the purpose of this trial?

This trial aims to explore how weight loss affects certain molecules in the body that may cause muscle problems in people with obesity. Researchers seek to determine if weight loss can reduce these molecules, which lead to muscle insulin resistance (when muscles don’t use insulin properly) and inflammation. Participants will follow a 12-week diet plan using low-calorie meal replacement shakes, and researchers will compare their results with those who do not lose weight. Ideal candidates are generally healthy adults with a BMI (a measure of body fat) between 30-40 who exercise less than an hour a week. As an unphased trial, this study offers participants the opportunity to contribute to groundbreaking research on obesity and muscle health.

Will I have to stop taking my current medications?

The trial requires that you do not take hormone replacement drugs, blood thinners, or thiazoladinediones. If you are on these medications, you would need to stop taking them to participate.

Is there any evidence suggesting that this trial's treatments are likely to be safe?

Research shows that meal replacement shakes for weight loss are generally safe for most people. Studies indicate that these shakes can help people lose weight and body fat without causing major side effects. For instance, one study found that low-calorie meal replacements not only aid in weight loss but also help maintain muscle. Additionally, using meal replacements for a large portion of daily calories proves more effective for weight loss than regular diets.

These findings suggest that low-calorie meal replacement shakes offer a well-tolerated method for managing weight. Participants in previous studies reported few negative effects, making this a promising option for those seeking to lose weight safely. ^{1 2 3 4 5}

Why are researchers excited about this trial?

Researchers are excited about the use of low-calorie meal replacement shakes for weight loss in obesity because they offer a structured and simplified approach to calorie reduction. Unlike traditional diets that require careful meal planning and portion control, these shakes provide a consistent and controlled calorie intake, potentially making it easier for individuals to adhere to their diet. Additionally, meal replacement shakes can offer balanced nutrition, ensuring that users still receive essential nutrients while reducing their caloric intake. This approach could be particularly beneficial for those who struggle with meal preparation or managing their daily calorie count.

What evidence suggests that this diet might be an effective treatment for obesity?

Research has shown that meal replacement diets can aid in weight loss. One study found that participants using meal replacements lost more weight than those consuming regular meals. Specifically, about 43.7% of participants in that study lost at least 10% of their body weight. Another study demonstrated that these diets can reduce body fat without harming overall health. In this trial, participants in the "Diet Weight Loss" arm will use low-calorie meal replacement shakes, which could effectively help people with obesity lose weight and improve their health. ^{1 2 4 5 6}

Are You a Good Fit for This Trial?

This trial is for generally healthy men and women aged 18-70 with obesity (BMI between 30-40) who exercise less than one hour per week. It includes both pre or postmenopausal individuals. People who don't meet these criteria cannot participate.

Inclusion Criteria

BMI between 30-40

Less than 1 hour of exercise per week

I am a woman who may or may not have gone through menopause.

Exclusion Criteria

Pregnant or breastfeeding

I have a history of lung disease.

Active use of nicotine

Timeline for a Trial Participant

Screening

Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial

2-4 weeks

1 visit (in-person)

Treatment

Participants undergo a 12-week dietary intervention for weight loss using low calorie meal replacement shakes

12 weeks

Weekly check-ins (virtual or in-person)

Follow-up

Participants are monitored for changes in muscle strength, insulin sensitivity, IMAT content, body weight, and muscle mass after the intervention

4 weeks

1 visit (in-person)

What Are the Treatments Tested in This Trial?

Interventions

• Diet

Trial Overview The study investigates how a diet-induced weight loss over a period of 12 weeks affects the molecular signaling in muscle fat tissue, which may influence muscle strength and insulin sensitivity in obese individuals.

How Is the Trial Designed?

Group I: Diet Weight Loss Experimental Treatment 1 Intervention

Low calorie meal replacement shakes

Group II: Delayed Intervention Active Control 1 Intervention

Normal feeding

Who Is Running the Clinical Trial?

University of Colorado, Denver

Lead Sponsor

Trials

1,842

Recruited

3,028,000+

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)

Collaborator

Trials

2,513

Recruited

4,366,000+

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Collaborator

Trials

2,896

Recruited

8,053,000+

Published Research Related to This Trial

A systematic review of 32 trials found that moderate calorie restriction leads to an average weight loss of about 5 kg after one year, making it the most effective dietary intervention for obesity.

Combining dieting with increased physical activity and active support, such as behavioral therapy, significantly enhances weight loss outcomes, with participants losing around 7 kg after one year when spousal support is included.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Obesity: weight loss without drugs: a balanced diet avoiding high-calorie foods, plus exercise. [2007]

Lower-calorie diets consistently lead to greater short-term weight loss (less than 6 months) compared to higher-calorie diets, but this advantage tends to diminish over the long term (beyond 12 months).

While different macronutrient compositions (like low-carb vs. low-fat) may show short-term benefits, there are few significant long-term differences in weight loss, highlighting the importance of dietary adherence for sustained results.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dietary interventions for obesity: clinical and mechanistic findings. Chao, AM., Quigley, KM., Wadden, TA.[2022]

Weight reduction is crucial for managing obesity and its related conditions like diabetes and hypertension, and both high-carbohydrate/low-fat and higher-protein/low-carbohydrate diets can lead to fat loss if calorie intake is sufficiently low.

For bariatric patients, low-calorie diets, protein-sparing modified fasts, and modified-carbohydrate diets are the most effective for compliance and long-term weight maintenance.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

The diet prescription for obesity. What works? Holtmeier, KB., Seim, HC.[2005]

In a study involving 53 overweight patients, those following a healthy eating diet lost an average of 6.0 kg over 12 weeks, which was significantly more than the 4.2 kg lost by those on an energy prescription diet.

Both dietary approaches resulted in clinically significant weight loss, but the healthy eating diet proved to be more effective, suggesting the need for further research to confirm these findings.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Controlled clinical trial of two weight reducing diets in a NHS hospital dietetic outpatient clinic: a pilot study. Taylor, F., Irons, L., Finn, P., et al.[2007]

In a study involving 53 overweight patients, those following a healthy eating diet lost an average of 6.0 kg over 12 weeks, which was significantly more than the 4.2 kg lost by those on an energy prescription diet.

Both dietary approaches resulted in clinically significant weight loss, but the healthy eating diet proved to be more effective, suggesting the need for further research to confirm these findings.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Controlled clinical trial of two weight reducing diets in a NHS hospital dietetic outpatient clinic - a pilot study. Taylor, FC., Irons, LJ., Finn, P., et al.[2019]

A total of 25 anti-obesity medications were withdrawn between 1964 and 2009, primarily due to adverse reactions related to their effects on monoamine neurotransmitters, with 80% of withdrawals supported by case reports.

The most common reasons for withdrawal included psychiatric disturbances, cardiotoxicity, and drug dependence, raising concerns about the safety of using medications that target neurotransmitters for obesity management.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Post-marketing withdrawal of anti-obesity medicinal products because of adverse drug reactions: a systematic review. Onakpoya, IJ., Heneghan, CJ., Aronson, JK.[2022]

Weight loss supplements in the U.S. are not regulated as drugs by the FDA, which means they undergo minimal testing for safety and efficacy, leading to potential risks for consumers.

Healthcare providers need to be aware of the lack of evidence supporting the effectiveness of these supplements and advocate for better regulatory oversight to protect consumers from unproven and possibly harmful products.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dietary supplements and alternative therapies for obesity: A Perspective from The Obesity Society's Clinical Committee. Kidambi, S., Batsis, JA., Donahoo, WT., et al.[2021]

A study analyzing 66 reports of adverse reactions to dietary supplements for weight control found that 64% of these reactions were serious, indicating significant safety concerns associated with their use.

The most commonly affected systems included the cardiovascular (26%) and gastrointestinal (17%) systems, highlighting the potential risks of self-medicating with these herbal products.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Suspected adverse reactions associated with herbal products used for weight loss: spontaneous reports from the Italian Phytovigilance System. Mazzanti, G., Vitalone, A., Da Cas, R., et al.[2021]

Diet and exercise alone have not proven effective for sustained weight loss in most obese individuals, while surgical interventions can lead to prolonged weight loss but may result in rebound weight gain over time.

The authors propose a new framework for evaluating medical devices aimed at treating obesity, focusing on a benefit-risk assessment to guide the development and approval of these devices, which was discussed at an FDA workshop and advisory panel.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Benefit-risk paradigm for clinical trial design of obesity devices: FDA proposal. Lerner, H., Whang, J., Nipper, R.[2021]

In a study of 397 obese individuals at a university outpatient weight loss clinic, it was found that those with higher initial body weights had unrealistic expectations for weight loss, often desiring losses 2 to 3 times greater than the recommended 5% to 10%.

The study revealed that initial body weight was the strongest predictor of patients' evaluations of their treatment outcomes, indicating a therapeutic challenge where even successful weight loss may be perceived as disappointing by heavier patients.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Obese patients' perceptions of treatment outcomes and the factors that influence them. Foster, GD., Wadden, TA., Phelan, S., et al.[2022]

Low-fat diets in obese patients result in modest weight loss of 3-4 kg over 3 years, while calorie-controlled diets show better outcomes with 6-7 kg weight loss at 4 years, although long-term data is limited.

Bariatric surgery, such as gastric bypass, can lead to significant weight loss (up to 25% over 10 years) and reduce mortality and comorbidities, but it carries risks of nutritional deficiencies and gastrointestinal issues.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dietary treatment for obesity. Clifton, PM.[2022]

A review of the first 50 websites on 'weight loss diets' revealed that only 3 provided reliable dietary advice, while most promoted questionable supplements and slimming aids.

Many websites failed to address the potential dangers of extreme diets, such as very low calorie diets, which could pose serious health risks to users.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Slimming on the Internet. Miles, J., Petrie, C., Steel, M.[2020]

Current dietary treatments for obesity primarily focus on reducing caloric intake based on the assumption that obese individuals eat too much, which has shown limited long-term effectiveness, with an average maximum weight loss of only 8.5%.

The success of these interventions is largely influenced by the initial weight of the participants, suggesting that the approach needs reevaluation to consider the quality of food intake rather than just quantity, and to improve the overall effectiveness of obesity treatments.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dietary treatments of obesity. Bennett, W.[2019]

In an 18-month study involving 101 overweight participants, those on a moderate-fat Mediterranean diet lost an average of 4.1 kg, while those on a low-fat diet gained weight, highlighting the effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet for weight loss.

The moderate-fat diet not only resulted in better weight loss outcomes but also had higher adherence rates, with 54% of participants sticking with the diet compared to only 20% in the low-fat group, suggesting it may be a more sustainable option for long-term weight management.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

A randomized controlled trial of a moderate-fat, low-energy diet compared with a low fat, low-energy diet for weight loss in overweight adults. McManus, K., Antinoro, L., Sacks, F.[2022]

In a review of 50 weight-loss studies from the 1980s, participants typically lost an average of 12.8 pounds during a 13-week program but regained about 4.3 pounds in the following 6.5 months, indicating limited long-term efficacy of dieting techniques.

Only one study assessed improvements in physical health during weight loss, and very few participants transitioned from clinical to nonclinical obesity levels, suggesting that traditional dieting methods may not effectively address obesity as a health issue.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Outcomes of weight-loss programs. Cogan, JC., Rothblum, ED.[2006]

Citations

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Efficacy of Meal Replacement Products on Weight and ... The results indicate that meal replacement products can significantly reduce weight and body fat percentage without affecting metabolic health.

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The latest evidence and clinical guidelines for use of meal ... The proportion of participants who achieved ≥10% weight loss was 43.7% and 21.7% for TDR and the food-based diet, respectively. The TEMPO study ...

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The Effect of Meal Replacement on Weight Loss According ... Meal replacement (MR) diets, especially with ≥60% of daily energy intake, show a greater effect on weight loss compared to food-based diets.

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Protein-enriched intermittent meal replacement combined ... IMR, when combined with MICT, is a viable strategy for short-term weight loss in overweight women, offering improved fat reduction and metabolic benefits ...

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A low-calorie meal replacement improves body composition ... In this research, we examined the effectiveness of a low-calorie dinner meal replacement for shift workers struggling with overweight or obesity ...

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A low-calorie meal replacement improves body composition ... Calorie-controlled meal replacements, particularly high-protein variants, offer a safe and effective weight management solution, preserving lean ...