Study Summary
This trial tests how feedback and spacing can help 4 kids learn and remember words better.
- Language Disorder
- Hearing Loss
Treatment Effectiveness
Effectiveness Progress
Study Objectives
2 Primary · 4 Secondary · Reporting Duration: End of intervention. The intervention ends when the participant achieves >75% accuracy 3 sessions in a row (up to 6 months).
Trial Safety
Safety Progress
Trial Design
4 Treatment Groups
Contrast A
1 of 4
Contrast B
1 of 4
Contrast C
1 of 4
Contrast D
1 of 4
Experimental Treatment
16 Total Participants · 4 Treatment Groups
Primary Treatment: Contrast A · No Placebo Group · N/A
Trial Logistics
Trial Timeline
Who is running the clinical trial?
Eligibility Criteria
Age 5 - 8 · All Participants · 3 Total Inclusion Criteria
Mark “Yes” if the following statements are true for you:- Geers AE, Mitchell CM, Warner-Czyz A, Wang NY, Eisenberg LS; CDaCI Investigative Team. Early Sign Language Exposure and Cochlear Implantation Benefits. Pediatrics. 2017 Jul;140(1). pii: e20163489. doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-3489. Epub 2017 Jun 12.
- Knouse, L. E., Rawson, K. A., Vaughn, K. E., & Dunlosky, J. (2016). Does Testing Improve Learning for college students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? Clinical Psychological Science, 4(1), 136-143.
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- Brennan-Jones CG, White J, Rush RW, Law J. Auditory-verbal therapy for promoting spoken language development in children with permanent hearing impairments. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Mar 12;(3):CD010100. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010100.pub2. Review.
- Lund E. Vocabulary Knowledge of Children With Cochlear Implants: A Meta-Analysis. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2016 Apr;21(2):107-21. doi: 10.1093/deafed/env060. Epub 2015 Dec 27. Review.
- McDaniel J, Benítez-Barrera CR, Soares AC, Vargas A, Camarata S. Bilingual Versus Monolingual Vocabulary Instruction for Bilingual Children with Hearing Loss. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2019 Apr 1;24(2):142-160. doi: 10.1093/deafed/eny042.
- Reimer, C. K. (2019). The effect of retrieval practice on vocabulary learning for children who are deaf or hard of hearing.
- Ruben RJ. Language development in the pediatric cochlear implant patient. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2018 Apr 19;3(3):209-213. doi: 10.1002/lio2.156. eCollection 2018 Jun. Review.
- Antia SD, Lederberg AR, Easterbrooks S, Schick B, Branum-Martin L, Connor CM, Webb MY. Language and Reading Progress of Young Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2020 May 30;25(3):334-350. doi: 10.1093/deafed/enz050. Review.
- Leonard LB, Karpicke J, Deevy P, Weber C, Christ S, Haebig E, Souto S, Kueser JB, Krok W. Retrieval-Based Word Learning in Young Typically Developing Children and Children With Developmental Language Disorder I: The Benefits of Repeated Retrieval. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2019 Apr 15;62(4):932-943. doi: 10.1044/2018_JSLHR-L-18-0070.
- Nittrouer S, Lowenstein JH, Antonelli J. Parental Language Input to Children With Hearing Loss: Does It Matter in the End? J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2019 Dec 13;63(1):234-258. doi: 10.1044/2019_JSLHR-19-00123. Print 2020 Jan 22.
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- Bobzien, J. L., Richels, C., Schwartz, K., Raver, S. A., Hester, P., & Morin, L. (2015). Using repeated reading and explicit instruction to teach vocabulary to preschoolers with hearing loss. Infants & Young Children, 28(3), 262-280.
- Boons T, De Raeve L, Langereis M, Peeraer L, Wouters J, van Wieringen A. Expressive vocabulary, morphology, syntax and narrative skills in profoundly deaf children after early cochlear implantation. Res Dev Disabil. 2013 Jun;34(6):2008-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.03.003. Epub 2013 Apr 11.
- Leonard LB, Deevy P, Karpicke JD, Christ S, Weber C, Kueser JB, Haebig E. Adjective Learning in Young Typically Developing Children and Children With Developmental Language Disorder: A Retrieval-Based Approach. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2019 Dec 5;62(12):4433-4449. doi: 10.1044/2019_JSLHR-L-19-0221. Print 2019 Dec 18.
- Coyne JH, Borg JM, DeLuca J, Glass L, Sumowski JF. Retrieval practice as an effective memory strategy in children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015 Apr;96(4):742-5. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.09.022. Epub 2014 Oct 13.
- Jones, A. C., Wardlow, L., Pan, S. C., Zepeda, C., Heyman, G. D., Dunlosky, J., & Rickard, T. C. (2016). Beyond the rainbow: Retrieval practice leads to better spelling than does rainbow writing. Educational Psychology Review, 28(2), 385-400.
- Luckner JL, Cooke C. A summary of the vocabulary research with students who are deaf or hard of hearing. Am Ann Deaf. 2010 Spring;155(1):38-67. Review.
- McGregor KK, Gordon K, Eden N, Arbisi-Kelm T, Oleson J. Encoding Deficits Impede Word Learning and Memory in Adults With Developmental Language Disorders. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2017 Oct 17;60(10):2891-2905. doi: 10.1044/2017_JSLHR-L-17-0031. Erratum in: J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2018 May 17;61(5):1293.
- Roberts MY. Parent-Implemented Communication Treatment for Infants and Toddlers With Hearing Loss: A Randomized Pilot Trial. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2019 Jan 30;62(1):143-152. doi: 10.1044/2018_JSLHR-L-18-0079.
- Lehman M, Smith MA, Karpicke JD. Toward an episodic context account of retrieval-based learning: dissociating retrieval practice and elaboration. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2014 Nov;40(6):1787-94. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000012. Epub 2014 May 5.
- Karpicke JD, Blunt JR, Smith MA. Retrieval-Based Learning: Positive Effects of Retrieval Practice in Elementary School Children. Front Psychol. 2016 Mar 11;7:350. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00350. eCollection 2016.
- Kyle FE, Harris M. Longitudinal patterns of emerging literacy in beginning deaf and hearing readers. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2011 Summer;16(3):289-304. doi: 10.1093/deafed/enq069. Epub 2011 Feb 9.
- Goossens, N. A., Camp, G., Verkoeijen, P. P., & Tabbers, H. K. (2014). The effect of retrieval practice in primary school vocabulary learning. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 28(1), 135-142.
- Kaipa R, Danser ML. Efficacy of auditory-verbal therapy in children with hearing impairment: A systematic review from 1993 to 2015. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jul;86:124-34. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.04.033. Epub 2016 May 3. Review.
- Geers AE, Sedey AL. Language and verbal reasoning skills in adolescents with 10 or more years of cochlear implant experience. Ear Hear. 2011 Feb;32(1 Suppl):39S-48S. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0b013e3181fa41dc.
- Haebig E, Leonard LB, Deevy P, Karpicke J, Christ SL, Usler E, Kueser JB, Souto S, Krok W, Weber C. Retrieval-Based Word Learning in Young Typically Developing Children and Children With Development Language Disorder II: A Comparison of Retrieval Schedules. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2019 Apr 15;62(4):944-964. doi: 10.1044/2018_JSLHR-L-18-0071.
- Lund, E., & Douglas, W. M. (2016). Teaching vocabulary to preschool children with hearing loss. Exceptional Children, 0014402916651848.
- Marsh EJ, Fazio LK, Goswick AE. Memorial consequences of testing school-aged children. Memory. 2012;20(8):899-906. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2012.708757. Epub 2012 Aug 15.
- Carpenter SK. Cue strength as a moderator of the testing effect: the benefits of elaborative retrieval. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2009 Nov;35(6):1563-9. doi: 10.1037/a0017021.
- Karpicke, J. D., Blunt, J. R., Smith, M. A., & Karpicke, S. S. (2014). Retrieval-based learning: The need for guided retrieval in elementary school children. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 3(3), 198-206.
- Werfel KL. Emergent Literacy Skills in Preschool Children With Hearing Loss Who Use Spoken Language: Initial Findings From the Early Language and Literacy Acquisition (ELLA) Study. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch. 2017 Oct 5;48(4):249-259. doi: 10.1044/2017_LSHSS-17-0023.
- Ruben RJ. Language development in the pediatric cochlear implant patient. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2018 Apr 19;3(3):209-213. doi: 10.1002/lio2.156. eCollection 2018 Jun.
- Fritz CO, Morris PE, Nolan D, Singleton J. Expanding retrieval practice: an effective aid to preschool children's learning. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2007 Jul;60(7):991-1004. doi: 10.1080/17470210600823595.
- Kaipa R, Danser ML. Efficacy of auditory-verbal therapy in children with hearing impairment: A systematic review from 1993 to 2015. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jul;86:124-34. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.04.033. Epub 2016 May 3.
- Lund E. Vocabulary Knowledge of Children With Cochlear Implants: A Meta-Analysis. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2016 Apr;21(2):107-21. doi: 10.1093/deafed/env060. Epub 2015 Dec 27.
- Luckner JL, Cooke C. A summary of the vocabulary research with students who are deaf or hard of hearing. Am Ann Deaf. 2010 Spring;155(1):38-67. doi: 10.1353/aad.0.0129.
- McDaniel J, Benitez-Barrera CR, Soares AC, Vargas A, Camarata S. Bilingual Versus Monolingual Vocabulary Instruction for Bilingual Children with Hearing Loss. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2019 Apr 1;24(2):142-160. doi: 10.1093/deafed/eny042.
- McGregor KK, Gordon K, Eden N, Arbisi-Kelm T, Oleson J. Encoding Deficits Impede Word Learning and Memory in Adults With Developmental Language Disorders. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2017 Oct 17;60(10):2891-2905. doi: 10.1044/2017_JSLHR-L-17-0031. Erratum In: J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2018 May 17;61(5):1293.
- Geers AE, Mitchell CM, Warner-Czyz A, Wang NY, Eisenberg LS; CDaCI Investigative Team. Early Sign Language Exposure and Cochlear Implantation Benefits. Pediatrics. 2017 Jul;140(1):e20163489. doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-3489. Epub 2017 Jun 12.
- Brennan-Jones CG, White J, Rush RW, Law J. Auditory-verbal therapy for promoting spoken language development in children with permanent hearing impairments. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Mar 12;(3):CD010100. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010100.pub2.
- Antia SD, Lederberg AR, Easterbrooks S, Schick B, Branum-Martin L, Connor CM, Webb MY. Language and Reading Progress of Young Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2020 May 30;25(3):334-350. doi: 10.1093/deafed/enz050.
- Jena McDaniel 2023. "Retrieval Practice for Word Learning for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children". ClinicalTrials.gov. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05512000.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is this research recruiting participants currently?
"Clinicaltrials.gov confirms that this research study, which was open to the public on December 1st 2022, is presently enrolling individuals in need of treatment. The trial has been recently updated as of December 8th 2022." - Anonymous Online Contributor
How many participants have been recruited to this experiment?
"Affirmative, the information on clinicaltrials.gov suggests that this investigation is actively endeavoring to recruit participants. This trial was first announced on December 1st 2022 and has been edited most recently on December 8th 2022. At present, it requires 16 patients at one site of enrollment." - Anonymous Online Contributor
What improvements are investigators hoping to observe from this clinical trial?
"The primary assessment of this research will take place at the completion of the intervention, which is when a participant attains an accuracy rate surpassing 75% after three consecutive sessions (spanning up to 6 months). Secondary outcomes include Semantic Retention (evaluated by percent accuracy labeling associated semantic information), Semantic Acquisition (measured via percent accuracy in correctly labelling target objects) and Identifying Retention (assessed through accurate identification of words receptively)." - Anonymous Online Contributor
Is it feasible to join this investigation?
"Candidates who hope to be included in the trial must demonstrate hearing impairment and satisfy age requirements (between 5-8). Around 16 patients are expected to join this clinical study." - Anonymous Online Contributor
Is participation in this research endeavor restricted to those of a certain age?
"This medical trial is recruiting participants aged 5 to 8. Additionally, there are 73 trials for minors and 137 studies with seniors as the eligible demographic." - Anonymous Online Contributor