Hydroxychloroquine + FOLFIRI + Bevacizumab for Colorectal Cancer

Recruiting at 1 trial location

Overseen By Eric Chen, MD

Age: 18+

Sex: Any

Trial Phase: Phase 2

Sponsor: University Health Network, Toronto

Must not be taking: Steroids, Anticonvulsants

Disqualifiers: Pregnancy, Nursing, Concurrent malignancy, others

No Placebo Group All trial participants will receive the active study treatment (no placebo)

Prior Safety Data This treatment has passed at least one previous human trial

Breakthrough Therapy This drug has been fast-tracked for approval by the FDA given its high promise

Compensation: Varies

Number of Visits: 2

Duration: Up to 48 months

155 Participants Needed

Trial Summary

Do I have to stop taking my current medications for this trial?

The trial protocol does not specify if you need to stop taking your current medications. However, you cannot have received radiotherapy, chemotherapy, biological therapy, or investigational treatment less than four weeks before the first dose of the trial drugs.

Will I have to stop taking my current medications?

The trial information does not specify if you need to stop taking your current medications. However, if you have had recent treatments like chemotherapy or radiotherapy, you must wait at least four weeks before starting the trial.

What data supports the idea that Hydroxychloroquine + FOLFIRI + Bevacizumab for Colorectal Cancer is an effective treatment?

The available research shows that combining Bevacizumab with FOLFIRI (which includes drugs like 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan) improves outcomes for patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Specifically, it increases the time patients live without the cancer getting worse and overall survival time. Studies have shown that adding Bevacizumab to these chemotherapy regimens significantly improves the response rate and delays tumor progression. However, the research does not specifically mention Hydroxychloroquine in combination with these drugs for colorectal cancer, so its effectiveness in this combination is not directly supported by the data provided. ^{1 2 3 4 5}

What data supports the effectiveness of the drug combination Hydroxychloroquine + FOLFIRI + Bevacizumab for colorectal cancer?

Research shows that Bevacizumab, when combined with FOLFIRI (a chemotherapy regimen including 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan), significantly improves survival and slows disease progression in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. This combination has been shown to be more effective than using 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin alone. ^{1 2 3 4 5}

What safety data is available for the treatment of Hydroxychloroquine + FOLFIRI + Bevacizumab in colorectal cancer?

The safety data for Bevacizumab, when used in combination with chemotherapy for colorectal cancer, indicates that it is generally well-tolerated. Common adverse effects include hypertension, proteinuria, arterial thrombosis, effects on wound healing, bleeding, and gastrointestinal perforation. These side effects are mostly mild to moderate and manageable, though some, like GI perforations and arterial thrombosis, occur less frequently. Bevacizumab-based chemotherapy has been shown to lower risks of dermatological and renal adverse events but increases cardiovascular risks such as hypertension and arrhythmia. Overall, Bevacizumab is considered a suitable adjunct to standard chemotherapy in colorectal cancer treatment. ^{6 7 8 9 10}

Is the combination of Hydroxychloroquine, FOLFIRI, and Bevacizumab safe for treating colorectal cancer?

Bevacizumab, when used with chemotherapy for colorectal cancer, is generally well-tolerated but can cause side effects like high blood pressure, protein in urine, and rare serious events like bleeding or gastrointestinal issues. The combination with FOLFIRI has shown manageable side effects, with some risk of cardiovascular issues. ^{6 7 8 9 10}

Is the drug combination of Bevacizumab, Fluorouracil, Hydroxychloroquine, Irinotecan, and Leucovorin promising for colorectal cancer?

Yes, the combination of these drugs, especially with Bevacizumab, has shown promise in treating metastatic colorectal cancer by improving treatment effectiveness when added to chemotherapy. ^{8 11 12 13 14}

What makes the Hydroxychloroquine + FOLFIRI + Bevacizumab treatment unique for colorectal cancer?

This treatment is unique because it combines hydroxychloroquine, which is typically used for conditions like malaria and autoimmune diseases, with a standard chemotherapy regimen (FOLFIRI) and bevacizumab, a drug that inhibits blood vessel growth in tumors. This combination aims to enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy by potentially disrupting cancer cell survival mechanisms. ^{8 11 12 13 14}

What is the purpose of this trial?

This is a two arm, 2-center, Phase II, study of 5-FU, irinotecan, bevacizumab (FOLFIRI-beva) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Up to 155 patients will be screened for DTP-signature and up to 31 evaluable patients who are determined to be DTP-signature high will be treated with FOLFIRI-beva and HCQ. Patients will continue to receive treatments until evidence of disease progression, intolerable side effects, withdrawal of consent or death.

Research Team

Eric Chen, MD

Principal Investigator

Princess Margaret Cancer Centre

Eligibility Criteria

This trial is for adults with metastatic colorectal cancer that can't be surgically removed, have a specific DTP-high signature, and haven't had treatment for their metastatic disease yet. They should be in good physical condition (ECOG 0-1), not pregnant or nursing, without certain blood disorders or eye diseases, and must not have had major surgery recently.

Inclusion Criteria

I have never had a retinal disorder.

My condition is identified as high DTP-signature for HCQ treatment.

I am not pregnant.

Exclusion Criteria

I haven't had cancer treatment in the last 4-6 weeks or still have side effects.

My brain metastases are stable, and I haven't taken steroids or anticonvulsants for 3 months.

I am not pregnant or nursing.

Timeline

Screening

Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial

2-4 weeks

Treatment

Participants receive FOLFIRI-beva and HCQ until disease progression, intolerable side effects, withdrawal of consent, or death

Up to 48 months

Every 2 weeks (in-person)

Follow-up

Participants are monitored for safety and effectiveness after treatment

4 weeks

Treatment Details

Interventions

• Bevacizumab
• Fluorouracil
• Hydroxychloroquine
• Irinotecan
• Leucovorin

Trial Overview The study tests the combination of FOLFIRI-beva (5-FU, irinotecan, bevacizumab) with hydroxychloroquine on patients who haven't been treated before for their advanced colorectal cancer. It's a Phase II trial to see how well this combo works in those with high levels of a specific tumor marker called DTP-signature.

Participant Groups

Group I: High DTP-signature Experimental Treatment 5 Interventions

Take HCQ, 400 mg by mouth, twice daily. Receive FOLFIRI+bevacizumab (irinotecan 180 mg/m2, leucovorin 400 mg/m2, 5-FU 2400 mg/m2 over 46 - 48 hours, bevacizumab 5 mg/kg), intravenously, every 2 weeks

Group II: Low DTP-signature Active Control 4 Interventions

Receive FOLFIRI+bevacizumab (irinotecan 180 mg/m2, leucovorin 400 mg/m2, 5-FU 2400 mg/m2 over 46 - 48 hours, bevacizumab 5 mg/kg), intravenously, every 2 weeks

Bevacizumab is already approved in European Union, United States, Japan, Canada for the following indications:

Approved in European Union as Avastin for:

• Colorectal cancer
• Breast cancer
• Non-small cell lung cancer
• Renal cell carcinoma
• Ovarian cancer

Approved in United States as Avastin for:

• Colorectal cancer
• Non-small cell lung cancer
• Glioblastoma
• Renal cell carcinoma
• Cervical cancer
• Ovarian cancer

Approved in Japan as Avastin for:

• Colorectal cancer
• Non-small cell lung cancer
• Breast cancer
• Renal cell carcinoma
• Ovarian cancer

Approved in Canada as Avastin for:

• Colorectal cancer
• Non-small cell lung cancer
• Breast cancer
• Renal cell carcinoma
• Ovarian cancer

Who Is Running the Clinical Trial?

University Health Network, Toronto

Lead Sponsor

Trials

1,555

Recruited

526,000+

Findings from Research

In a phase IV trial involving 209 treatment-naïve patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, the combination of bevacizumab and FOLFIRI resulted in a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 11.1 months and a median overall survival (OS) of 22.2 months, demonstrating its efficacy as a first-line treatment.

The treatment was generally well-tolerated, with most adverse events being mild (grade 1/2), while serious side effects like neutropenia and venous thromboembolic events occurred in over 10% of patients, indicating manageable safety concerns.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Phase IV study of bevacizumab in combination with infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) in first-line metastatic colorectal cancer. Sobrero, A., Ackland, S., Clarke, S., et al.[2022]

The treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in Serbia has improved significantly over the past decade, with combination therapies like 5-FU/LV with oxaliplatin or irinotecan showing better efficacy than 5-FU/LV alone.

Sequential therapy using FOLFIRI and FOLFOX has been identified as the most effective treatment strategy, outperforming other two-drug combinations and demonstrating comparable effectiveness to existing therapies in terms of time to progression.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Systemic treatment of colorectal cancer in Serbia: what have we done and what can we offer in the new century? Popov, I.[2019]

In a study of 14 patients with advanced colorectal cancer who had previously undergone chemotherapy, the combination of bevacizumab with FOLFIRI showed a response rate of 28.5%, with one complete response and three partial responses, indicating its potential efficacy in this heavily treated population.

The treatment was generally well tolerated, with manageable side effects; serious complications like hypertension, bowel perforation, or thromboembolic events were not observed, suggesting a favorable safety profile for this regimen.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bevacizumab plus infusional 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin and irinotecan for advanced colorectal cancer that progressed after oxaliplatin and irinotecan chemotherapy: a pilot study. Kwon, HC., Oh, SY., Lee, S., et al.[2022]

Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets VEGF, significantly improves response rates, time to tumor progression, and overall survival in patients with advanced colorectal cancer when added to fluorouracil-based chemotherapy regimens, based on two clinical trials.

While bevacizumab shows efficacy in treating advanced colorectal cancer, it is associated with serious safety concerns, including thromboembolic events, hypertension, hemorrhage, and gastrointestinal perforation, highlighting the need for careful monitoring and further studies comparing its effectiveness with other chemotherapy options.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bevacizumab for advanced colorectal cancer. Hadj Tahar, A.[2013]

In a study of 49 metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with bevacizumab and FOLFIRI-3, 22.4% achieved a partial response and 53.1% had stable disease, indicating that this combination can be effective after previous chemotherapy failures.

The treatment resulted in a median progression-free survival of 7 months and overall survival of 13 months, with manageable adverse events, suggesting that while there are risks, the therapy can be a viable option for patients who have exhausted other treatments.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bevacizumab plus FOLFIRI-3 in chemotherapy-refractory patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in the era of biotherapies. Ghiringhelli, F., Vincent, J., Guiu, B., et al.[2021]

In a meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials involving 3178 patients, the combination of bevacizumab (BEV) with the FOLFOX regimen significantly improved the objective response rate and cancer control rate compared to FOLFOX alone.

However, this combination treatment was associated with a higher incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reactions, indicating a trade-off between increased efficacy and potential side effects.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

The efficacy and safety of bevacizumab combined with FOLFOX regimen in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Zhang, H., You, J., Liu, W., et al.[2023]

Bevacizumab (Avastin) effectively targets VEGF to inhibit tumor angiogenesis, showing a safety profile that includes mostly mild to moderate side effects such as hypertension and proteinuria, which are manageable in clinical settings.

The side effects associated with bevacizumab, including rare but serious events like gastrointestinal perforation and arterial thrombosis, do not typically exacerbate the toxicity of standard chemotherapy, making it a suitable adjunct treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Managing patients treated with bevacizumab combination therapy. Gordon, MS., Cunningham, D.[2015]

In a study of 1,401 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, adding bevacizumab to first-line oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) from 8.0 months to 9.4 months compared to placebo.

While overall survival was longer in the bevacizumab group (21.3 months vs. 19.9 months), this difference was not statistically significant, indicating that while bevacizumab helps delay disease progression, it may not necessarily extend overall survival.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bevacizumab in Combination With Oxaliplatin-Based Chemotherapy As First-Line Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Randomized Phase III Study. Saltz, LB., Clarke, S., Díaz-Rubio, E., et al.[2023]

In a study of six patients with unresectable colorectal cancer treated with bevacizumab, the combination chemotherapy was well-tolerated, with most adverse drug reactions being grade 2 or less.

Only one patient experienced grade 3 neutropenia, and there were no specific adverse effects directly related to bevacizumab, suggesting it can be safely used in combination with chemotherapy for this condition.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

[A clinical experience in treatment with bevacizumab for unresectable colorectal cancer]. Fujimoto, T., Yoshimatsu, K., Yokomizo, H., et al.[2016]

In patients with unresectable RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer, first-line bevacizumab-based chemotherapy significantly reduces the risk of dermatological and renal adverse events, but increases the risk of cardiovascular issues like hypertension and arrhythmia.

Conversely, cetuximab-based chemotherapy is associated with a higher incidence of dermatological and renal adverse events, particularly rashes and electrolyte disorders, highlighting the need for careful selection of targeted therapies based on safety profiles.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Tolerability on Serious Adverse Events of First-Line Bevacizumab and Cetuximab for RAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Han, YN., Choi, YJ., Rhie, SJ.[2022]

In a study of 107 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, the combination of irinotecan plus bevacizumab showed similar efficacy to FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab, with median progression-free survival of 6.4 months versus 5.8 months, and overall survival of 16.6 months versus 16.5 months, respectively.

Omitting fluorouracil from the FOLFIRI regimen resulted in fewer adverse events, such as nausea and neutropenia, suggesting that irinotecan plus bevacizumab may be a safer second-line treatment option for patients who are refractory to fluoropyrimidines.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Impact of omitting fluorouracil from FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab as second-line chemotherapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Matsubara, Y., Masuishi, T., Ogata, T., et al.[2023]

The combination of FOLFOXIRI and bevacizumab demonstrated a promising progression-free survival (PFS) rate of 74% at 10 months in patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer, based on a phase 2 study involving 57 patients.

The treatment was found to be safe, with no unexpected adverse events reported, although common serious side effects included neutropenia and hypertension, indicating that while effective, careful monitoring for these side effects is necessary.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bevacizumab with FOLFOXIRI (irinotecan, oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and folinate) as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: a phase 2 trial. Masi, G., Loupakis, F., Salvatore, L., et al.[2022]

The FOLFOXIRI-Bev chemotherapy regimen shows a high overall response rate of 69% in patients with initially unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer, based on a systematic review of 11 studies involving 889 patients.

This treatment leads to significant surgical conversion rates, with approximately 39.1% of patients becoming eligible for surgery and 28.1% achieving R0 resection, indicating its potential to improve outcomes for these patients.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

FOLFOXIRI Plus Bevacizumab as Conversion Therapy for Patients With Initially Unresectable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis. Tomasello, G., Petrelli, F., Ghidini, M., et al.[2022]

In a study involving 1,401 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, adding bevacizumab to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) from 8.0 months to 9.4 months compared to placebo.

While overall survival was slightly better in the bevacizumab group (21.3 months vs. 19.9 months), this difference was not statistically significant, and the response rates were similar between the two groups.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomized phase III study. Saltz, LB., Clarke, S., Díaz-Rubio, E., et al.[2023]

References

1. Switzerland pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Phase IV study of bevacizumab in combination with infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) in first-line metastatic colorectal cancer. [2022]

2. Serbia pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Systemic treatment of colorectal cancer in Serbia: what have we done and what can we offer in the new century? [2019]

3. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bevacizumab plus infusional 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin and irinotecan for advanced colorectal cancer that progressed after oxaliplatin and irinotecan chemotherapy: a pilot study. [2022]

4. Canada pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bevacizumab for advanced colorectal cancer. [2013]

5. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bevacizumab plus FOLFIRI-3 in chemotherapy-refractory patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in the era of biotherapies. [2021]

6. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

The efficacy and safety of bevacizumab combined with FOLFOX regimen in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. [2023]

7. Switzerland pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Managing patients treated with bevacizumab combination therapy. [2015]

8. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bevacizumab in Combination With Oxaliplatin-Based Chemotherapy As First-Line Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Randomized Phase III Study. [2023]

9. Japan pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

[A clinical experience in treatment with bevacizumab for unresectable colorectal cancer]. [2016]

10. Switzerland pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Tolerability on Serious Adverse Events of First-Line Bevacizumab and Cetuximab for RAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. [2022]

11. Germany pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Impact of omitting fluorouracil from FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab as second-line chemotherapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. [2023]

12. England pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bevacizumab with FOLFOXIRI (irinotecan, oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and folinate) as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: a phase 2 trial. [2022]

13. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

FOLFOXIRI Plus Bevacizumab as Conversion Therapy for Patients With Initially Unresectable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis. [2022]

14. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomized phase III study. [2023]