There is a need to reweigh the pros and cons of ablative techniques for oral cancer treatment, considering that most localised cases could survive without significant morbidity. The current results of the analysis should be considered carefully before applying these ablative techniques routinely. Long-term follow up studies are required on larger scale to confirm these results.
The signs of oral SCCs are nonspecific and often misdiagnosed. Many of them may be observed or experienced by any person in the community, but these can also occur in healthy individuals or individuals without any specific signs or symptoms and can be associated with premalignant lesions. If it is not clear that the lesion is premalignant or cancerous, careful surveillance of the area in which the lesion is located, especially the lips, is necessary for early detection of oral SCCs, so that it can be treated before it spreads to other regions. It is important to recognize the signs of oral SCCs and to consult a surgeon, a dentist and a periodontist.
Oral SCC often arises in areas of chronic oral disease, such as dental caries, periodontal pathoses, and tobacco use, and progresses slowly over several decades, while the overall risk of development is low. These factors should be monitored in patients with chronic oral disease for detection at an early stage and for appropriate medical or surgical management.
Approximately 3,350 new cases of OSCC are diagnosed each year on the overall population. Overall, the lifetime risk of OSCC appears to be 0.14%, but is higher among older men.
Because of the lack of national guidelines for oral cancer treatment, different centers may employ different treatments. A systematic collection of these treatments would be beneficial to patients in the decision of treatment. Therefore, clinicians should compile these data.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma may arise from several factors, some hereditary, others environmentally and social. Smoking is the most commonly cited cause of oral cancer, although in our experience it is less important than other risk factors.
Overall, 3.4% of patients in this study had oral SCC at the time of diagnosis of OLP. The occurrence of OSCC was significantly increased in the patients with multiple other comorbidities and smoking and alcohol consumption. We believe that routine use of a thorough oral examination is warranted in patients with multiple comorbidities, smokers, regular alcohol consumers, and those with early stages of OLP.
Although this study found NBTXR3 to be well tolerated and associated with significant improvements in QoL for patients with OSCC, larger trials are needed to determine the overall effect on cancer survival.
Although the exact pathogenesis is not known, it is widely accepted that cigarette smoking and ethanol are the primary risk factors for OSCC. In a recent study, findings of the current review also support previous findings that other exogenous agents, including excessive ultraviolet radiation and ionizing radiation, are also important. In the absence of strong epidemiological evidence to support these other risk factors, further studies are necessary to further evaluate whether they contribute to OSCC development.
Nbxr3 may be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, invasiveness, and differentiation in OSCC. Since Nbxr3 upregulation enhances proliferation, invasion, chemotherapy resistance, and survival of OSCC cells, it is a promising therapeutic target of OSCC.
Most side effects with nbtxr3 were mild and resolved. The most common side effect after treatment was diarrhea. No serious side effects with nbtxr3 were reported.
Because the nbtxr3 gene is a key to mammalian gene function, this gene has been one of the most investigated genes in vertebrates. The gene nbxr3 is one of the most extensively studied genes in vertebrates, with some studies that have explored the function of this gene in many tissues and conditions. This is because some of its variants seem to be associated with several diseases and syndromes. For example, humans with a specific set of single base substitution in this gene express the phenotype of multiple endocrine neoplasia Type 4 (MEN4), but not in other patients. Similarly, mice, rats, mice with a mutated gene encoding GPCR180 have different phenotypes as compared to normal mice.