Exercise + Ketone Supplement for Parkinson's Disease

(CYCLE Trial)

Overseen By Austin Luker, BS

Age: 18+

Sex: Any

Trial Phase: Academic

Sponsor: University of Michigan

Disqualifiers: Cardiac disease, Rheumatoid arthritis, Dementia, others

Compensation: Varies

Number of Visits: 5

Duration: 2-6 weeks

20 Participants Needed

Trial Summary

Do I have to stop taking my current medications for the trial?

The trial protocol does not specify whether you need to stop taking your current medications.

What data supports the idea that Exercise + Ketone Supplement for Parkinson's Disease is an effective treatment?

The available research shows that combining exercise with ketone supplements can be beneficial for people with Parkinson's Disease. One study found that a ketone ester drink improved endurance exercise performance in individuals with Parkinson's. Another study on rodents showed that ketone supplements improved motor performance, suggesting potential benefits for humans. Additionally, a study on a ketone diet indicated improvements in physical and cognitive performance in rats, which could be promising for treating Parkinson's. However, it's important to note that some studies, like one involving professional cyclists, showed that ketone supplements could impair performance, indicating that the effects might vary depending on the context. ^{1 2 3 4 5}

What safety data exists for exercise and ketone supplements in Parkinson's treatment?

The safety data for exercise and ketone supplements, particularly in the context of Parkinson's treatment, is limited but provides some insights. Studies on exogenous ketone supplements in rodents show improved motor performance, suggesting potential benefits. In humans, ketone salts and monoesters have been tested in cyclists, showing altered metabolic responses and increased cardiorespiratory stress during exercise. However, gastrointestinal symptoms and impaired performance were noted in some cases. These findings indicate that while ketone supplements can induce nutritional ketosis and affect exercise metabolism, they may also cause side effects like gut discomfort and increased perceived exertion. More research is needed to fully understand their safety and efficacy in Parkinson's treatment. ^{2 4 6 7 8}

Is the treatment of exercise and ketone supplements promising for Parkinson's disease?

Yes, the combination of exercise and ketone supplements shows promise for Parkinson's disease. Research suggests that ketone supplements can improve endurance and motor performance, which are beneficial for people with Parkinson's. These supplements have been shown to enhance physical performance in both humans and animal models, potentially helping to manage symptoms of the disease. ^{1 2 3 5 9}

What is the purpose of this trial?

The main purpose of this study is to assess changes in exercise capacity in people with Parkinson's disease before and after an exercise training program with ketone ester supplementation.

Research Team

Chatkaew Pongmala, PhD

Principal Investigator

University of Michigan

Eligibility Criteria

This trial is for individuals with Parkinson's Disease who can safely perform exercises like cycling. It's not suitable for those with recent heart issues, uncontrolled diabetes, pregnancy, severe dementia, or conditions that make exercise unsafe such as significant pain or active rheumatoid arthritis.

Inclusion Criteria

I have been diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease.

Exclusion Criteria

I have heart or lung problems that affect my ability to exercise.

I experience severe symptoms like dizziness or pain that prevent me from exercising safely.

My diabetes is not well-managed.

Timeline

Screening

Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial

2-4 weeks

Treatment

Participants undergo exercise training with either ketone ester or placebo electrolyte beverage for 5 or 12 sessions

2-6 weeks

5-12 visits (in-person)

Follow-up

Participants are monitored for changes in VO2 max and endurance after the intervention

4 weeks

Treatment Details

Interventions

• Cycling Intervention
• Electrolyte Beverage
• Ketone Ester Beverage

Trial Overview The study aims to see if a ketone ester beverage improves muscle strength and cardiovascular response when combined with an exercise program (cycling) in people with Parkinson's compared to just exercising while taking an electrolyte beverage.

Participant Groups

Group I: 5-Session Ketone Ester Beverage & Exercise Experimental Treatment 2 Interventions

Participants will consume ketone ester (KE) beverage, consisting of 2 scoops (=25 g C8-KE) of Qitone Pro-Ketone Powder™ and electrolyte solution diluted in water, before each of 5 1-hour sessions of aerobic exercise.

Group II: 12-Session Ketone Ester Beverage & Exercise Experimental Treatment 2 Interventions

Participants will consume ketone ester (KE) beverage, consisting of 2 scoops (=25 g C8-KE) of Qitone Pro-Ketone Powder™ and electrolyte solution diluted in water, before each of 12 1-hour sessions of aerobic exercise.

Group III: 5-Session Electrolyte Beverage & Exercise Placebo Group 2 Interventions

Participants will consume placebo electrolyte (EL) beverage, consisting of an electrolyte solution diluted in water, before each of 5 1-hour sessions of aerobic exercise

Group IV: 12-Session Electrolyte Beverage & Exercise Placebo Group 2 Interventions

Participants will consume placebo electrolyte (EL) beverage, consisting of an electrolyte solution diluted in water, before each of 12 1-hour sessions of aerobic exercise

Who Is Running the Clinical Trial?

University of Michigan

Lead Sponsor

Trials

1,891

Recruited

6,458,000+

Findings from Research

In a study involving 14 patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease, a ketone ester drink improved their ability to sustain an 80 rpm cycling cadence by 24%, suggesting enhanced endurance performance.

The ketone ester also shifted metabolism away from carbohydrates, indicated by increased β-hydroxybutyrate levels, which may support its role as an adjunctive therapy to improve exercise outcomes in Parkinson's disease.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

A Ketone Ester Drink Enhances Endurance Exercise Performance in Parkinson's Disease. Norwitz, NG., Dearlove, DJ., Lu, M., et al.[2022]

Exogenous ketone supplements, particularly combinations with medium chain triglycerides (KEMCT), significantly improved motor performance in rodent models, indicating their potential as alternatives to ketogenic diets for enhancing motor function.

The effectiveness of these ketone supplements varied based on the type of rodent, the specific formulation used, and the duration of exposure, suggesting that personalized approaches may be necessary for optimal results.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Exogenous Ketone Supplements Improved Motor Performance in Preclinical Rodent Models. Ari, C., Murdun, C., Goldhagen, C., et al.[2021]

In a study involving seven volunteers with Parkinson's disease, five successfully followed a hyperketogenic diet for 28 days, which may help bypass defects in complex I activity associated with the disease.

All five participants showed improvements in their Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores during the diet, although the possibility of a placebo effect cannot be excluded.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Treatment of Parkinson disease with diet-induced hyperketonemia: a feasibility study. Vanitallie, TB., Nonas, C., Di Rocco, A., et al.[2022]

Ingestion of a 1,3-butanediol acetoacetate diester before a cycling time trial led to a 2% impairment in performance among 10 elite male cyclists, likely due to gut discomfort and increased perception of effort.

Despite increasing blood ketone levels significantly, the ketone diester negatively affected performance during a ~31 km time trial, suggesting that its use in a carbohydrate-fed state may not be beneficial for elite cyclists.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ketone Diester Ingestion Impairs Time-Trial Performance in Professional Cyclists. Leckey, JJ., Ross, ML., Quod, M., et al.[2022]

A novel ketone ester diet significantly increased blood ketone levels in rats while reducing cholesterol and triglycerides, suggesting a safe way to enhance energy efficiency without negative lipid effects.

Rats on this ketone diet showed improved physical performance, running 32% further on a treadmill, and enhanced cognitive function, completing maze tests 38% faster, indicating potential benefits for treating metabolic disorders in humans.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Novel ketone diet enhances physical and cognitive performance. Murray, AJ., Knight, NS., Cole, MA., et al.[2021]

Ingestion of β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) salts before exercise successfully induced nutritional ketosis in trained cyclists, with plasma βHB levels significantly elevated during and after exercise.

While βHB salts altered metabolic responses, such as increasing the respiratory exchange ratio (RER), they did not impact lactate levels, perceived exertion, or exercise efficiency, and gastrointestinal symptoms were reported in a majority of participants.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Effect of acute ingestion of β-hydroxybutyrate salts on the response to graded exercise in trained cyclists. Evans, M., Patchett, E., Nally, R., et al.[2022]

Ingesting a large dose of ketone monoester (600 mg/kg body mass) significantly increased plasma β-hydroxybutyrate levels and markers of cardiorespiratory stress (like ventilation and heart rate) during exercise in endurance-trained adults (n = 19).

Despite the increase in stress markers, the ketone supplementation did not improve performance in a subsequent time trial, indicating that while it affects physiological responses, it may not enhance exercise performance.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Increased cardiorespiratory stress during submaximal cycling after ketone monoester ingestion in endurance-trained adults. McCarthy, DG., Bostad, W., Powley, FJ., et al.[2022]

Ketone body supplements are gaining popularity among athletes as a potential fuel source during endurance exercise, but their effectiveness in enhancing performance remains unconvincing based on current evidence.

The sports supplementation industry, including ketone supplements, is poorly regulated, leading to concerns about inaccurate label claims and the need for objective validation of their ingredients and performance benefits.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ketone body supplement label claims: what supplement has been supplemented? Da Costa, D., Bangalee, V., Subban, K., et al.[2023]

A study involving 13 recreationally active men found that coingesting ketone salts with caffeine, taurine, and leucine (KCT) significantly improved 20-km cycling performance compared to a carbohydrate placebo, indicating enhanced endurance benefits from this combination.

The KCT supplementation led to greater average power output during the cycling trial compared to both caffeine-free ketone salts and the carbohydrate placebo, suggesting that caffeine plays a key role in maximizing the performance benefits of this multi-ingredient supplement.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Acute Ketone Salts-Caffeine-Taurine-Leucine Supplementation but not Ketone Salts-Taurine-Leucine, Improves Endurance Cycling Performance. Quinones, MD., Lemon, PWR.[2022]

References

1. Switzerland pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

A Ketone Ester Drink Enhances Endurance Exercise Performance in Parkinson's Disease. [2022]

2. Switzerland pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Exogenous Ketone Supplements Improved Motor Performance in Preclinical Rodent Models. [2021]

3. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Treatment of Parkinson disease with diet-induced hyperketonemia: a feasibility study. [2022]

4. Switzerland pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ketone Diester Ingestion Impairs Time-Trial Performance in Professional Cyclists. [2022]

5. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Novel ketone diet enhances physical and cognitive performance. [2021]

6. England pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Effect of acute ingestion of β-hydroxybutyrate salts on the response to graded exercise in trained cyclists. [2022]

7. Canada pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Increased cardiorespiratory stress during submaximal cycling after ketone monoester ingestion in endurance-trained adults. [2022]

8. South Africa pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ketone body supplement label claims: what supplement has been supplemented? [2023]

9. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Acute Ketone Salts-Caffeine-Taurine-Leucine Supplementation but not Ketone Salts-Taurine-Leucine, Improves Endurance Cycling Performance. [2022]