Beverages for Cognitive Function

JH
MC
Overseen ByMadeline Comeau, MS
Age: 18+
Sex: Any
Trial Phase: Academic
Sponsor: USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center
No Placebo GroupAll trial participants will receive the active study treatment (no placebo)

What You Need to Know Before You Apply

What is the purpose of this trial?

This trial aims to explore how drinking milk or juice affects thinking and memory by examining the link between blood sugar levels and cognitive function. Participants will consume either milk (Beverage One) or a fruit drink (Beverage Two) and then complete a cognitive test on paper. It suits individuals who are generally healthy, have no food allergies, and are not following any special diet. As an unphased trial, this study provides an opportunity to contribute to scientific understanding without the constraints of traditional clinical trial phases.

Do I need to stop my current medications for the trial?

The trial information does not specify whether you need to stop taking your current medications.

Is there any evidence suggesting that this trial's treatments are likely to be safe?

Research shows that milk is generally safe for most people. Studies have found that drinking milk can improve thinking skills and support brain health, especially in older adults. Some research suggests that milk without the protein A1 β-casein might enhance brain function even more. Overall, milk is well-tolerated, and no major safety concerns have been reported.

Studies have also examined the safety of juice. Drinking 100% fruit juice is linked to brain benefits and is usually considered safe. Research indicates it can boost brain function and improve health in other ways. No major safety issues have been reported with drinking juice in moderation.

Both milk and juice are common in many diets and are generally safe for most people.12345

Why are researchers excited about this trial?

Researchers are excited about the trial involving milk and juice because these everyday beverages might offer a simple, accessible way to boost cognitive function. Unlike traditional methods, which may rely on supplements or medications, this approach explores how common drinks can impact brain performance. The idea is that by consuming milk or a fruit drink, participants might show changes in cognitive abilities during assessments. This trial could potentially reveal an easy and natural method to enhance mental performance using ingredients found in most households.

What evidence suggests that this trial's beverages could be effective for cognitive function?

This trial will compare the effects of two beverages on cognitive function. Participants in one arm will consume milk, while those in another will consume fruit juice, before completing a cognitive assessment.

Research has shown mixed results regarding milk's impact on brain function. Some studies suggest that regular milk consumption might increase the risk of memory problems, while others find no significant effect. There is no clear evidence that milk consistently helps or harms thinking abilities.

In contrast, studies on fruit juice appear more promising. Many studies report that drinking fruit and vegetable juices may support better brain function. Some research found significant benefits for memory and attention with juice consumption. Although not every study agrees, a trend suggests that juice might benefit brain health.678910

Who Is on the Research Team?

JH

Julie Hess, PhD

Principal Investigator

USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center

Are You a Good Fit for This Trial?

This trial is for individuals with a body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 29.9 who don't have chronic diseases, food allergies, or intolerances. Participants should not be pregnant, breastfeeding, on a special diet, or planning to start one.

Inclusion Criteria

Healthy weight to overweight (BMI 18.5-29.9 kg/m2)
No food allergies or food intolerances
Non-pregnant and non-lactating
See 3 more

Exclusion Criteria

Pregnant or lactating
My BMI is 30 or higher.
Currently dieting or planning to follow a special diet

Timeline for a Trial Participant

Screening

Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial

1-2 weeks

Intervention

Participants consume a beverage and complete a cognitive assessment

1 day
1 visit (in-person)

Follow-up

Participants are monitored for safety and effectiveness after treatment

1 week

What Are the Treatments Tested in This Trial?

Interventions

  • Beverage One (Milk)
  • Beverage Two (Juice)
Trial Overview The study explores how drinking two different beverages—milk and juice—affects blood sugar levels and cognitive functions like memory and attention.
How Is the Trial Designed?
2Treatment groups
Experimental Treatment
Group I: Beverage Two (Juice)Experimental Treatment1 Intervention
Group II: Beverage One (Milk)Experimental Treatment1 Intervention

Find a Clinic Near You

Who Is Running the Clinical Trial?

USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center

Lead Sponsor

Trials
60
Recruited
5,300+

Published Research Related to This Trial

A systematic review of 1 randomized controlled trial and 7 cohort studies found insufficient evidence to support a clear link between milk or dairy intake and cognitive decline or disorders in adults, indicating that more rigorous research is needed.
The only notable finding was from a small RCT (n=38) suggesting a marginal improvement in spatial working memory for those on a high dairy diet, but overall, the studies showed large variability and methodological issues, leading to an insufficient strength of evidence regarding dairy's impact on cognitive health.
Role of milk and dairy intake in cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Lee, J., Fu, Z., Chung, M., et al.[2023]
In a study of 44 nondiabetic adults, those with higher fasting glucose levels showed improved attention after consuming water compared to juice shortly after ingestion, but performed better after juice at a later time point, indicating that the timing of beverage consumption affects cognitive performance.
Participants who experienced a greater increase in plasma glucose after consuming juice demonstrated better processing speed after milk compared to water at 30 minutes, suggesting that the glycemic response plays a role in cognitive function following different beverages.
Varying roles of glucoregulatory function measures in postprandial cognition following milk consumption.Anderson, JR., Maki, KC., Palacios, OM., et al.[2022]
In a study involving 84 children aged 8-12, those with higher fasting glucose levels showed improved cognitive performance, particularly in speed, after consuming 1% milk compared to apple juice.
The results indicated that milk may enhance cognitive speed in females, while juice could be more beneficial for accuracy, highlighting the influence of sex and glucoregulation on post-meal cognitive function.
Biological sex and glucoregulation modulate postprandial cognition following dairy milk and fruit juice in healthy school-age children.Anderson, JR., Gunstad, J., Updegraff, J., et al.[2021]

Citations

Effectiveness of dairy products to protect against cognitive ...In an Australian study with men only, regular consumption of milk increased the likelihood of cognitive impairment (MMSE < 24) 5 years later by 31% (30).
Dairy Intake and Risk of Cognitive Decline and DementiaOur results suggest that dairy might be associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline or dementia but that the relation seems nonlinear.
Associations between the Intake of Different Types of Dairy ...The results of the MSLS, where milk consumption was classified by fat content, do not suggest different associations with cognitive performance ...
Role of milk and dairy intake in cognitive function in older adultsOur meta-analysis of 3 cohort studies showed no significant association between milk intake and cognitive decline outcome.
Dairy Product Consumption and Changes in Cognitive ...Higher intakes of milk, in particular whole-fat milk, may be associated with a greater rate of cognitive decline. This is observed in a ...
Relation between dairy food intake and cognitive functionGreater intakes of milk or dairy products have been associated with better general cognitive function (Lee et al., 2001), and decreased likelihood for vascular ...
Milk free of A1 β-casein supports superior gains in ...Milk free of A1 β-casein supports superior gains in cognition and quality of life, relative to conventional milk, in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.
Comparative Effects of a2 Skim Milk on Mild Cognitive ...Living and social functions are reduced: activities of daily living (ADL) score ≤18;; Not meeting the diagnostic criteria for dementia (Diagnostic and ...
Milk Intake at Midlife and Cognitive Decline over 20 Years. ...We hypothesized that the effect of milk on cognitive function is through the effect of lactose on oxidative stress.
Can Milk Boost Cognition?The KU Medical Center research team found that adults aged 60-89 who drink three cups of dairy milk a day can boost their brains' levels of glutathione (GSH).
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