Hydration Solutions for Improved Hydration

Overseen By Jackie Pence, PhD

Age: 18+

Sex: Any

Trial Phase: Academic

Sponsor: University of Memphis

Must not be taking: SGLT2 inhibitors, Laxatives, Diuretics, others

Disqualifiers: Cardiac, Renal, Hepatic, Endocrine, others

No Placebo Group All trial participants will receive the active study treatment (no placebo)

Compensation: Varies

Number of Visits: 3

Duration: 1 day per visit

29 Participants Needed

Trial Summary

What is the purpose of this trial?

The present study will assess the effects of two different hydration solutions compared to water on hydration measures. It will follow the same approach as used by Maughan and colleagues (2016) to measure the fluid balance (the difference between the amount of water consumed and passed as urine) and beverage hydration index (the relative amount of urine passed after consumption of a drink compared to water) including time in positive fluid balance. Additionally, hydration status will be assessed with mood and digestive health questionnaires and blood pressure urine electrolyte concentrations, specific gravity, and osmolality determinations. The two oral rehydration solutions (Berry Propel Fitness Water and Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate) will be compared to the control (Smart Water). The purpose is to assess whether the changes in beverage composition improve the BHI above water alone for both treatments, with an hypothesized greater improvement in BHI observed with the Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate, due to the addition of carbohydrate.

Will I have to stop taking my current medications?

Participants cannot take medications that may alter fluid retention or electrolyte levels, such as certain diabetes medications, laxatives, diuretics, and others. A nurse practitioner will review medications to determine eligibility.

Is the hydration treatment generally safe for humans?

The research does not provide specific safety data for the hydration treatment under the names mentioned, but studies on similar berry-based drinks suggest they are generally safe and have beneficial antioxidant properties. ^{1 2 3 4 5}

How does the treatment in the Hydration Solutions for Improved Hydration trial differ from other hydration treatments?

The treatment in this trial is unique because it combines natural fruit components with added electrolytes, carbohydrates, prebiotic fiber, and protein to improve hydration and nutrient delivery after exercise, while maintaining a favorable taste and stability. This approach contrasts with typical hydration solutions that may not include such a comprehensive blend of natural ingredients and nutrients. ^{1 6 7 8 9}

Research Team

Richard J Bloomer, PhD

Principal Investigator

University of Memphis

Eligibility Criteria

This trial is for individuals interested in participating in a study to compare the effectiveness of different hydration solutions. There are no specific eligibility criteria provided, so it may be open to healthy adults willing to follow the study protocol.

Inclusion Criteria

Body mass index (BMI) <35 kg/m2 (not morbidly obese)

Cannot have a sensitivity or be allergic to any components of the study product they will be excluded

Cannot be enrolled in another clinical study within 30 days of the first study visit

Timeline

Screening

Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial

1-2 weeks

Treatment

Participants consume assigned hydration solutions and undergo various measurements including fluid balance, urine analysis, and questionnaires

1 day per visit

3 visits (in-person)

Follow-up

Participants are monitored for safety and effectiveness after treatment

1 week

Treatment Details

Interventions

• Berry Propel Fitness Water
• Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate
• Smart Water

Trial Overview The trial is testing Berry Propel Fitness Water and Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate against Smart Water to see which keeps you hydrated longer. It measures how much water your body retains and checks your mood, digestive health, blood pressure, and urine properties.

Participant Groups

Group I: Smart, Propel, Essentia Experimental Treatment 3 Interventions

Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order state in arm title) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.

Group II: Smart, Essentia, Propel Experimental Treatment 3 Interventions

Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order state in arm title) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.

Group III: Propel, Smart, Essentia Experimental Treatment 3 Interventions

Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order state in arm title) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.

Group IV: Propel, Essentia, Smart Experimental Treatment 3 Interventions

Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order state in arm title) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.

Group V: Essentia, Smart, Propel Experimental Treatment 3 Interventions

Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order state in arm title) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.

Group VI: Essentia, Propel, Smart Active Control 3 Interventions

Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order state in arm title) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.

Who Is Running the Clinical Trial?

University of Memphis

Lead Sponsor

Trials

73

Recruited

12,000+

Findings from Research

The study successfully developed fruit-based recovery drinks that maintain optimal osmolality levels (388 to 607 mOsm/kg) while incorporating essential nutrients like protein, prebiotics, and electrolytes, making them effective for hydration and recovery after exercise.

All tested drinks exhibited satisfactory sensory qualities, indicating that it is possible to create palatable recovery beverages that are both nutritious and hydrating, addressing a common challenge in sports nutrition.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Designing Functional Fruit-Based Recovery Drinks in Powder Form That Contain Electrolytes, Peptides, Carbohydrates and Prebiotic Fiber Taking into Account Each Component's Osmolality. Sadowska, A., Świderski, F., Kulik, K., et al.[2021]

Increased intake of berries high in anthocyanins, particularly freeze-dried strawberries, is associated with a significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, which is beneficial for cardiovascular health.

The consumption of cranberries and freeze-dried berries also led to increases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels during 4-6 week interventions, suggesting a positive impact on metabolic syndrome risk factors.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Effects of Anthocyanin-rich Berries on the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Wilken, MR., Lambert, MNT., Christensen, CB., et al.[2022]

In a study involving 11 physically active participants, fluid replacement (either water or Gatorade) during 60 minutes of cycling did not significantly improve power output, perceived exertion, or heart rate compared to no fluid intake.

Both water and Gatorade led to increased body weight post-exercise compared to the no-fluid trial, but overall, fluid replacement did not enhance performance for normally hydrated individuals.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

The effect of fluid replacement on endurance performance. Bachle, L., Eckerson, J., Albertson, L., et al.[2016]

In a study with rats fed a high-fat and high-fructose diet for 18 weeks, berry-based beverages (strawberry, blueberry, and a blend) effectively prevented hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis by modulating key genes involved in fat metabolism.

The strawberry beverage was particularly effective, showing the greatest impact on reducing fatty acid synthesis and enhancing fat oxidation, although no significant changes were observed in body weight or insulin resistance.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Strawberry, Blueberry, and Strawberry-Blueberry Blend Beverages Prevent Hepatic Steatosis in Obese Rats by Modulating Key Genes Involved in Lipid Metabolism. Sotelo-González, AM., Reynoso-Camacho, R., Hernández-Calvillo, AK., et al.[2023]

The study developed new isotonic drinks using lemon juice and anthocyanin-rich berries, which showed significantly higher antioxidant and biological activity compared to commercial isotonic beverages.

The new blends, particularly those with maqui berries, not only had appealing colors for consumer acceptance but also demonstrated effective in vitro inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and lipase, suggesting potential health benefits.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

New isotonic drinks with antioxidant and biological capacities from berries (maqui, açaí and blackthorn) and lemon juice. Gironés-Vilaplana, A., Villaño, D., Moreno, DA., et al.[2016]

During 1 hour of paddling on a kayak ergometer, national flatwater kayakers experienced greater dehydration when rehydrating with water (1.10% dehydration) compared to Gatorade (0.72% dehydration), indicating that Gatorade is more effective for rehydration.

Athletes rehydrating with water reported higher perceived exertion and lost more body mass (0.70 kg) than those rehydrating with Gatorade (0.46 kg), suggesting that water alone may not be sufficient for optimal hydration during intense exercise.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dehydration rates and rehydration efficacy of water and sports drink during one hour of moderate intensity exercise in well-trained flatwater kayakers. Sun, JM., Chia, JK., Aziz, AR., et al.[2022]

In a study involving 12 physically active girls aged 9-12, flavored drinks, especially those with carbohydrates and sodium, increased voluntary fluid intake during exercise in the heat, with the highest intake observed with the carbohydrate and sodium drink (CNa).

Despite the increased intake with flavored drinks, the girls maintained hydration effectively with unflavored water, indicating that they could stay hydrated even without flavored options.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Voluntary drinking and hydration in non-acclimatized girls exercising in the heat. Wilk, B., Rivera-Brown, AM., Bar-Or, O.[2018]

In a study involving 14 middle-aged men, hydration with plain water or sports drinks did not improve work capacity during 90 minutes of indoor cycling compared to no liquid intake, indicating that hydration does not affect performance in this context.

Body temperature was found to be the most sensitive indicator of hydration status during exercise, with significant increases in body temperature, heart rate, and mean blood pressure observed when no liquids were consumed.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Acute physiological response to indoor cycling with and without hydration; case and self-control study. Ramos-Jiménez, A., Hernández-Torres, RP., Wall-Medrano, A., et al.[2013]

Gatorade was the only beverage among those tested that effectively restored hydration status after exercise-induced dehydration, while Apfelschorle, Evian, and San Benedetto mineral water left participants in a lower hydration state.

Despite common perceptions, many traditional rehydration drinks do not provide sufficient sodium to restore fluid balance after dehydration, highlighting the need for beverages with appropriate electrolyte compositions.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Rehydration after exercise in the heat: a comparison of 4 commonly used drinks. Shirreffs, SM., Aragon-Vargas, LF., Keil, M., et al.[2019]

References

1. Switzerland pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Designing Functional Fruit-Based Recovery Drinks in Powder Form That Contain Electrolytes, Peptides, Carbohydrates and Prebiotic Fiber Taking into Account Each Component's Osmolality. [2021]

2. Singapore pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Effects of Anthocyanin-rich Berries on the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. [2022]

3. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

The effect of fluid replacement on endurance performance. [2016]

4. Switzerland pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Strawberry, Blueberry, and Strawberry-Blueberry Blend Beverages Prevent Hepatic Steatosis in Obese Rats by Modulating Key Genes Involved in Lipid Metabolism. [2023]

5. England pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

New isotonic drinks with antioxidant and biological capacities from berries (maqui, açaí and blackthorn) and lemon juice. [2016]

6. Singapore pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dehydration rates and rehydration efficacy of water and sports drink during one hour of moderate intensity exercise in well-trained flatwater kayakers. [2022]

7. Germany pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Voluntary drinking and hydration in non-acclimatized girls exercising in the heat. [2018]

8. Spain pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Acute physiological response to indoor cycling with and without hydration; case and self-control study. [2013]

9. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Rehydration after exercise in the heat: a comparison of 4 commonly used drinks. [2019]