Resistance Exercise Effort for Type 2 Diabetes

Overseen By Flavio De Castro Magalhaes, PhD

Age: 18+

Sex: Any

Trial Phase: Academic

Sponsor: University of New Mexico

Must not be taking: Oral contraceptives

Disqualifiers: Renal failure, Liver disease, Hypertension, others

No Placebo Group All trial participants will receive the active study treatment (no placebo)

Compensation: Varies

Number of Visits: 3

15 Participants Needed

Trial Summary

What is the purpose of this trial?

The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the degree of effort during a resistance exercise session on blood glucose levels in individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Do individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus need to perform resistance exercise with a high degree of effort for their blood glucose to improve? * How do they feel (their enjoyment, discomfort) after the sessions with different degrees of effort? Participants will perform 3 situations separated by at least 4 days, after being familiarized with all exercises and procedures: * One control day, when they will not exercise; * A high-effort resistance exercise session; * A low-effort resistance exercise session Researchers will measure blood glucose levels and psychological responses after these situations to see if the effort was important for the improvement of their blood glucose and how effort affected the way they felt after each situation.

Will I have to stop taking my current medications?

The trial protocol does not specify whether you need to stop taking your current medications. However, if you are using oral hypoglycemic drugs, you must have been on them for at least 6 months to participate.

What data supports the effectiveness of this treatment for type 2 diabetes?

Research shows that resistance exercise, whether high-intensity or low-intensity, can help improve blood sugar control and muscle strength in people with type 2 diabetes. Studies have found that both home-based and gym-based resistance training can reduce HbA1c levels, which is a measure of long-term blood sugar control. ^{1 2 3 4 5}

Is resistance exercise safe for people with type 2 diabetes?

Resistance exercise is generally considered safe for people with type 2 diabetes, and it can improve muscle strength and metabolic health. However, high-intensity resistance training should be approached with caution, especially for those with other health issues, and it's best to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new exercise program. ^{1 2 6 7 8}

How is the Resistance Exercise Effort treatment unique for type 2 diabetes?

This treatment is unique because it focuses on resistance exercise, which can improve blood sugar control and muscle strength without medication. Unlike standard treatments that often rely on drugs, this approach uses physical activity to manage diabetes, offering a non-pharmacological option with potential benefits for overall health and metabolic function. ^{2 6 7 9 10}

Research Team

Flavio De Castro Magalhaes, PhD

Principal Investigator

Assistant Professor

Eligibility Criteria

This trial is for individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes who are interested in how different levels of effort during resistance exercise affect their blood glucose. Participants should be familiar with the exercises and able to commit to multiple sessions.

Inclusion Criteria

I have prediabetes or type 2 diabetes based on my blood sugar or A1c levels.

Exclusion Criteria

Being pregnant or trying to become pregnant during the course of the study

Prisoners

I have kidney failure.

Timeline

Screening

Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial

2-4 weeks

Familiarization

Participants are familiarized with all exercises and procedures

1 week

Exercise Sessions

Participants perform three different sessions: one control day, a high-effort resistance exercise session, and a low-effort resistance exercise session

2 weeks

3 sessions, each separated by at least 4 days

Follow-up

Participants are monitored for safety and effectiveness after exercise sessions

1 week

Treatment Details

Interventions

• Control
• High-effort session
• Low-effort session

Trial Overview The study tests whether a high-effort or low-effort resistance exercise session can improve blood glucose levels compared to no exercise at all. It also examines participants' enjoyment and discomfort after exercising at different intensities.

Participant Groups

Group I: low-effort session Experimental Treatment 1 Intervention

Participants will perform sets with half of the anticipated number of repetitions of the high-effort session.

Group II: high-effort session Experimental Treatment 1 Intervention

Participants will perform sets with as many repetitions they can each set.

Group III: Control session Placebo Group 1 Intervention

The control session all procedures will be identical to the high-effort session.

Who Is Running the Clinical Trial?

University of New Mexico

Lead Sponsor

Trials

393

Recruited

3,526,000+

Findings from Research

In a study of 57 participants with type II diabetes, those who engaged in supervised high-intensity resistance training (HIT) showed continued improvements in body composition, blood glucose levels, and overall wellbeing over 12 months, while those who only received routine care saw their initial benefits diminish.

The findings suggest that incorporating HIT into routine diabetes management can provide sustained health benefits, including reduced waist circumference and HbA1c levels, compared to standard care alone.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

The effects of adding high-intensity of effort resistance training to routine care in persons with type II diabetes: An exploratory randomized parallel-group time-series study. Giessing, J., Eichmann, B., Kemmler, W., et al.[2022]

In a study involving 23 adults with type 2 diabetes, interrupting prolonged sitting with 6-minute simple resistance activities (SRAs) every 60 minutes significantly reduced post-meal glucose and insulin levels compared to sitting uninterrupted.

No significant differences were found between sitting with 3-minute SRAs every 30 minutes and uninterrupted sitting, indicating that longer bouts of activity may be more effective for managing blood sugar levels.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Frequency of Interruptions to Sitting Time: Benefits for Postprandial Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes. Homer, AR., Taylor, FC., Dempsey, PC., et al.[2022]

A study involving 36 type-2 diabetic patients showed that an 8-week program of combined resistance training and home-based walking significantly improved emotional well-being and mental health compared to a control group.

The exercise intervention was safe and effective, leading to better quality of life scores, particularly in emotional role and vitality, although it did not significantly change glycemic control as measured by HbA1C compared to the control group.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

The effect of combined resistance and home-based walking exercise in type 2 diabetes patients. Aylin, K., Arzu, D., Sabri, S., et al.[2023]

In a study of 28 overweight women with type 2 diabetes, low-intensity resistance training significantly increased muscle mass and strength while reducing total and abdominal fat over a 12-week period.

Despite these positive changes in body composition and strength, the training did not lead to improvements in insulin sensitivity or cardiovascular fitness, as measured by aerobic capacity.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

The effects of resistance training on muscle and body fat mass and muscle strength in type 2 diabetic women. Kwon, HR., Han, KA., Ku, YH., et al.[2022]

A randomized controlled trial involving 150 participants with type 2 diabetes will compare the effects of home-based and gym-based resistance exercise on reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels over 32 weeks.

The study aims to demonstrate that both types of resistance training can effectively lower HbA1c, while also assessing improvements in muscle strength, body composition, and overall quality of life, making exercise more accessible for clinical practice.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Protocol for a randomised controlled trial to investigate the effect of home- and gym-based resistance exercise training on glycaemic control, body composition and muscle strength. Al Ozairi, E., Alsaeed, D., Taliping, D., et al.[2022]

A 3-month resistance training program significantly increased maximal muscle strength in 11 male patients with long-term type 1 diabetes, indicating that they can adapt well to physical training.

Despite the improvement in muscle strength, there were no significant changes in serum irisin levels or metabolic control parameters like HbA1c, suggesting that while strength can improve, other metabolic factors may remain unchanged.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

The influence of resistance training on muscle strength, irisin concentration, and metabolic parameters in type 1 diabetic patients. Wróbel, M., Gołaś, A., Rokicka, D., et al.[2022]

Regular aerobic exercise is a safe and effective non-pharmacological treatment for type 2 diabetes, helping to improve metabolic risk factors and lower mortality risk, especially when not limited by other health issues.

Recent evidence suggests that resistance training may be even more effective than aerobic exercise for improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, highlighting its importance in diabetes management.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

May the force be with you: why resistance training is essential for subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications. Codella, R., Ialacqua, M., Terruzzi, I., et al.[2019]

A 16-week home-based resistance training program significantly improved upper and lower body strength in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes, with mean strength increases of 20-37% compared to a control group.

While the resistance training did not lead to significant reductions in hemoglobin A1C levels, it did result in lower fasting insulin levels and improved self-efficacy related to exercise, indicating positive effects on overall health and motivation.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Multicomponent, home-based resistance training for obese adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Plotnikoff, RC., Eves, N., Jung, M., et al.[2022]

A 10-week moderate intensity resistance training program for 18 obese, type 2 diabetic men led to significant reductions in fasting glucose and insulin levels, indicating improved glycaemic control.

The resistance training group also experienced a 3.5% increase in fat-free mass, while the control group saw an increase in fat mass, highlighting the positive impact of resistance training on body composition.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Resistance training improves glycaemic control in obese type 2 diabetic men. Baldi, JC., Snowling, N.[2022]

Progressive resistance exercise is a safe and effective form of exercise for improving glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes, resulting in a small but clinically significant reduction in HbA1c levels by 0.3%.

This type of exercise significantly enhances muscle strength compared to both aerobic exercise and no exercise, making it a valuable addition to diabetes management strategies.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Progressive resistance exercise improves glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Irvine, C., Taylor, NF.[2022]

References

1. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

The effects of adding high-intensity of effort resistance training to routine care in persons with type II diabetes: An exploratory randomized parallel-group time-series study. [2022]

2. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Frequency of Interruptions to Sitting Time: Benefits for Postprandial Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes. [2022]

3. India pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

The effect of combined resistance and home-based walking exercise in type 2 diabetes patients. [2023]

4. Korea (South) pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

The effects of resistance training on muscle and body fat mass and muscle strength in type 2 diabetic women. [2022]

5. England pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Protocol for a randomised controlled trial to investigate the effect of home- and gym-based resistance exercise training on glycaemic control, body composition and muscle strength. [2022]

6. Poland pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

The influence of resistance training on muscle strength, irisin concentration, and metabolic parameters in type 1 diabetic patients. [2022]

7. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

May the force be with you: why resistance training is essential for subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications. [2019]

8. England pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Multicomponent, home-based resistance training for obese adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. [2022]

9. Germany pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Resistance training improves glycaemic control in obese type 2 diabetic men. [2022]

10. Australia pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Progressive resistance exercise improves glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. [2022]