Hazard Perception Training for Driving Behavior

Overseen By Johnathon Ehsani, PhD

Age: Any Age

Sex: Any

Trial Phase: Academic

Sponsor: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

Disqualifiers: Opt-out by participant or parent

Approved in 4 Jurisdictions This treatment is already approved in other countries

Compensation: Varies

Number of Visits: Unknown

8000 Participants Needed

Trial Summary

What is the purpose of this trial?

The goal of this clinical trial is to test the effect of hazard perception and attention maintenance training and testing on driving performance. Participants will be randomized into a treatment group receiving hazard perception or attention maintenance training or a control group receiving either vehicle maintenance training or the status quo ZED training. Randomization will occur by location. Researchers will compare the treatment and control groups to see if there are differences in driving behavior and crash rates.

Will I have to stop taking my current medications?

The trial information does not specify whether you need to stop taking your current medications.

What data supports the effectiveness of the treatment Hazard Perception Training for improving driving behavior?

The research on Crew Resource Management (CRM) training in the aviation industry, which focuses on improving communication and teamwork, shows that similar training approaches can enhance safety and reduce risks. This suggests that Hazard Perception Training, which likely incorporates similar principles, could be effective in improving driving behavior by increasing awareness and reducing hazards. ^{1 2 3 4 5}

Is Hazard Perception Training safe for humans?

The research on Hazard Perception Training (HPT) for drivers, including young and novice drivers, does not report any safety concerns, suggesting it is generally safe for human participants. ^{6 7 8 9 10}

How is Hazard Perception Training (HPT) different from other treatments for improving driving behavior?

Hazard Perception Training (HPT) is unique because it focuses on enhancing drivers' ability to anticipate and respond to potential road hazards through exposure to various traffic scenarios, which is different from traditional driving education that may not emphasize these cognitive skills. This training is effective for both young novice drivers and older drivers, and it can be completed in a shorter time compared to other programs while still maintaining its effectiveness. ^{6 8 9 11 12}

Research Team

Johnathon Ehsani, PhD

Principal Investigator

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

Eligibility Criteria

This trial is for individuals who are at least 15 years and 6 months old, hold a valid driving learner permit or waiver, plan to get a driver's license within the next 9 months, regularly use a smartphone with iOS or Android and data plan, and have access to drive a car, truck or SUV.

Inclusion Criteria

Use and regularly carry a smartphone using either iOS or Android technology with a data plan

Plan to obtain a driver's license in the next 9 months

Hold a valid driving learner permit or learner permit waiver

Exclusion Criteria

Participants will be excluded if parental permission is not received.

Participants must meet the above criteria

Timeline

Screening

Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial

2-4 weeks

Baseline Assessment

Baseline hazard perception assessment is performed before training

1 week

Training

Participants receive hazard perception or attention maintenance training, or control training

4 weeks

Post-Training Assessment

Participants take a hazard perception exam to assess performance

1 week

Follow-up

Participants are monitored for driving behavior and crash rates using a smartphone application

12 months

Treatment Details

Interventions

• Hazard Perception Training

Trial Overview The study tests if hazard perception training improves driving performance compared to vehicle maintenance training. Participants will be randomly placed into two groups: one receives hazard perception training (treatment) and the other gets vehicle maintenance tips (control). Their driving behavior and crash rates will be monitored.

Participant Groups

Group I: Hazard Perception Training Experimental Treatment 1 Intervention

Group II: ZED Training Active Control 1 Intervention

Group III: Attention Maintenance Training Active Control 1 Intervention

Group IV: Vehicle Maintenance Training Placebo Group 1 Intervention

Hazard Perception Training is already approved in United States, Canada, European Union for the following indications:

Approved in United States as Hazard Perception Training for:

• Improving driving skills
• Reducing crash rates

Approved in Canada as Hazard Perception Training for:

• Improving driving skills
• Reducing crash rates

Approved in European Union as Hazard Perception Training for:

• Improving driving skills
• Reducing crash rates

Who Is Running the Clinical Trial?

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

Lead Sponsor

Trials

441

Recruited

2,157,000+

National Academy of Sciences

Collaborator

Trials

1

Recruited

8,000+

The Driver Training Group

Collaborator

Trials

1

Recruited

8,000+

Findings from Research

A simulation exercise designed to enhance situational awareness (SA) in patient safety was feasible and well-accepted by 76 residents, with 93.4% expressing satisfaction after the training.

The exercise revealed that while residents improved their comfort in identifying safety hazards, many still missed complex hazards requiring higher levels of SA, indicating a need for ongoing education in patient safety throughout their training.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Experiential Learning in Patient Safety: A Multi-Center Study Examining Emergency Medicine Residents' Situational Awareness of Hazards via Simulation. Balhara, KS., Olson, N., Wilson, JL., et al.[2022]

A training program based on high-performance teamwork principles from aviation was successfully adapted for internal medicine, leading to a significant increase in residents' knowledge of teamwork principles from 35% to 67%.

Residents' comfort in speaking up about unsafe plans improved dramatically from 65% to 94% after the training, indicating a positive shift in attitudes towards patient safety and communication.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Developing a high-performance team training framework for internal medicine residents: the ABC'S of teamwork. Carbo, AR., Tess, AV., Roy, C., et al.[2022]

Implementing an evidence-based team training program can effectively promote a culture of patient safety among physicians and healthcare staff.

Such training helps ensure that safety practices are not only adopted but also maintained over time within healthcare organizations.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Getting physicians involved in patient safety. A team approach. Baum, K., Reifsteck, SW.[2019]

The Clinical Team Training (CTT) program, modeled after aviation's Crew Resource Management, significantly improved communication and teamwork among healthcare professionals, leading to enhanced patient safety.

Evaluation using the Teamwork and Safety Climate Questionnaire showed increased safety climate scores after CTT, with 11 out of 27 questions showing statistically significant improvements, indicating a positive impact on reducing patient harm.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

The effects of crew resource management on teamwork and safety climate at Veterans Health Administration facilities. Schwartz, ME., Welsh, DE., Paull, DE., et al.[2018]

A pilot study successfully implemented a patient-led educational intervention for newly qualified doctors, where patients shared their experiences of safety lapses, enhancing the focus on the impact of these incidents on patients and families.

The intervention was well-received by both patients and trainees, indicating its feasibility and acceptability, and it will be further refined for a larger randomized controlled trial to evaluate its effectiveness in improving patient safety training.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Patient-led training on patient safety: a pilot study to test the feasibility and acceptability of an educational intervention. Jha, V., Winterbottom, A., Symons, J., et al.[2021]

The Act and Anticipate Hazard Perception Training (AAHPT) significantly improved hazard perception skills in young novice drivers, particularly in the active and hybrid training modes compared to a control group.

Incorporating an active component where participants engaged with video-based traffic scenes led to better awareness of potential hazards, highlighting the effectiveness of practical training in enhancing driving safety.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Formation and Evaluation of Act and Anticipate Hazard Perception Training (AAHPT) intervention for young novice drivers. Meir, A., Borowsky, A., Oron-Gilad, T.[2019]

Simulation-based error training (SET) was found to be more effective than video-based guided error training (VGET) in improving novice drivers' hazard handling performance, as demonstrated by better scores and response distances in a driving simulator test.

Participants in the SET group exhibited higher levels of metacognitive activities and intrinsic motivation, which may contribute to its superior effectiveness in training compared to VGET.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

A comparative study of two hazard handling training methods for novice drivers. Wang, YB., Zhang, W., Salvendy, G.[2019]

A new training program called Child-pedestrians Anticipate and Act Hazard Perception Training (CA(2)HPT) was developed to help children aged 7-9 improve their ability to recognize traffic hazards, using a 40-minute simulation of residential traffic scenarios.

The training significantly increased the children's awareness of potential hazards, particularly those related to limited visibility, suggesting that such interventions can enhance their safety when crossing roads.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Can child-pedestrians' hazard perception skills be enhanced? Meir, A., Oron-Gilad, T., Parmet, Y.[2018]

Novice drivers who underwent a one-hour PC-based hazard anticipation training program (RAPT) were significantly better at anticipating hazards immediately after training (65.8% vs. 47.3% for the control group).

The benefits of the RAPT training persisted over time, with the trained group still anticipating hazards at a higher rate (61.9%) compared to the control group (37.7%) six months later.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Long Term Effects of Hazard Anticipation Training on Novice Drivers Measured on the Open Road. Taylor, TG., Masserang, KM., Pradhan, AK., et al.[2021]

A new computer-based hazard perception test was developed and validated for driver licensing in Queensland, Australia, demonstrating that it is understandable even for non-native English speakers with a reading age of 10.

The test effectively differentiates between experienced and learner drivers, confirming its validity for assessing hazard perception skills, with no significant differences in scores based on gender, income, or education.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

The development and validation of a hazard perception test for use in driver licensing. Wetton, MA., Hill, A., Horswill, MS.[2019]

The novel SAFE-T training program, which is one-third the duration of traditional training, effectively teaches novice drivers to anticipate and respond to hazards, showing comparable results to the longer RAPT program.

Drivers trained with SAFE-T maintained attention better, keeping their glance durations under a critical threshold of 2 seconds, similar to outcomes from established attention maintenance training programs.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Evaluation of the effectiveness of a multi-skill program for training younger drivers on higher cognitive skills. Yamani, Y., Samuel, S., Knodler, MA., et al.[2015]

Older drivers aged 65 to 94 who received video-based hazard perception training were significantly faster at anticipating traffic hazards compared to those who did not receive training.

This training could potentially reduce crash risk for older drivers, highlighting the importance of targeted driver education programs for improving road safety in this age group.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Improving older drivers' hazard perception ability. Horswill, MS., Kemala, CN., Wetton, M., et al.[2019]

References

1. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Experiential Learning in Patient Safety: A Multi-Center Study Examining Emergency Medicine Residents' Situational Awareness of Hazards via Simulation. [2022]

2. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Developing a high-performance team training framework for internal medicine residents: the ABC'S of teamwork. [2022]

3. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Getting physicians involved in patient safety. A team approach. [2019]

4. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

The effects of crew resource management on teamwork and safety climate at Veterans Health Administration facilities. [2018]

5. England pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Patient-led training on patient safety: a pilot study to test the feasibility and acceptability of an educational intervention. [2021]

6. England pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Formation and Evaluation of Act and Anticipate Hazard Perception Training (AAHPT) intervention for young novice drivers. [2019]

7. England pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

A comparative study of two hazard handling training methods for novice drivers. [2019]

8. England pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Can child-pedestrians' hazard perception skills be enhanced? [2018]

9. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Long Term Effects of Hazard Anticipation Training on Novice Drivers Measured on the Open Road. [2021]

10. England pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

The development and validation of a hazard perception test for use in driver licensing. [2019]

11. England pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Evaluation of the effectiveness of a multi-skill program for training younger drivers on higher cognitive skills. [2015]

12. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Improving older drivers' hazard perception ability. [2019]