20 Participants Needed

Salience Level for Visual Attention

Age: 18 - 65
Sex: Any
Trial Phase: Academic
Sponsor: University of California, Santa Barbara
No Placebo GroupAll trial participants will receive the active study treatment (no placebo)

Trial Summary

What is the purpose of this trial?

How does one know what to look at in a scene? Imagine a "Where's Waldo" game - it's challenging to find Waldo because there are many 'salient' locations in the picture, each vying for one's attention. One can only attend to a small location on the picture at a given moment, so to find Waldo, one needs to direct their attention to different locations. One prominent theory about how one accomplishes this claims that important locations are identified based on distinct feature types (for example, motion or color), with locations most unique compared to the background most likely to be attended. An important component of this theory is that individual feature dimensions (again, color or motion) are computed within their own 'feature maps', which are thought to be implemented in specific brain regions. However, whether and how specific brain regions contribute to these feature maps remains unknown. The goal of this study is to determine how brain regions that respond strongly to different feature types (color and motion) and which encode spatial locations of visual stimuli extract 'feature dimension maps' based on stimulus properties, including feature contrast. The investigators hypothesize that feature-selective brain regions act as neural feature dimension maps, and thus encode representations of salient location(s) based on their preferred feature dimension. The investigators will collect eye-tracking data while participants view visual stimuli made salient based on different combinations of feature dimensions. From the eye-tracking data, the investigators will construct fixation heat maps on the feature dimensions for all levels of salience, allowing them to connect behavioral data to the latter fMRI dataset. Each participant will freely view the stimuli as they appear on the computer display. Across trials, the investigators will manipulate 1) the 'strength' of the salient locations based on how different the salient stimulus is compared to the background, 2) the number of salient locations, and 3) the feature value(s) used to make each location salient. Altogether, these manipulations will help the investigators fully understand these critical salience computations in the healthy human visual system.

Will I have to stop taking my current medications?

The trial information does not specify whether you need to stop taking your current medications.

What data supports the effectiveness of the treatment Feature Dimension Maps for visual attention?

Research shows that the brain uses 'feature dimension maps' to focus on important visual details, like color or motion, which helps guide attention. This suggests that treatments using these maps could effectively enhance visual attention by highlighting key features in the environment.12345

How does the treatment for visual attention differ from other treatments?

This treatment is unique because it focuses on using salience maps in the brain to guide visual attention by identifying and prioritizing important visual features like color and motion. Unlike other treatments, it leverages the brain's natural ability to highlight and process the most relevant visual information, potentially offering a more targeted approach to improving visual attention.13678

Research Team

TS

Tommy Sprague

Principal Investigator

University of California, Santa Barbara

Eligibility Criteria

This trial is for individuals aged 18 to 55 with normal or corrected-to-normal vision. It's designed to explore how people focus their attention on different parts of a visual scene, like finding Waldo in a busy picture.

Inclusion Criteria

My vision is normal or corrected to normal.

Exclusion Criteria

N/A

Timeline

Screening

Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial

1 week

Experimental Manipulation

Participants view stimuli with varying feature salience based on color, motion, or luminance contrast. Eye-tracking data is collected to analyze gaze positions.

1 week
Daily sessions

Follow-up

Participants are monitored for any additional data collection or analysis post-experiment.

1 week

Treatment Details

Interventions

  • Feature Dimension Maps
Trial Overview The study tests how the brain identifies important locations in a visual scene based on feature types such as color or motion. Participants will view stimuli while eye-tracking data is collected to analyze where they look and how salient features capture their attention.
Participant Groups
1Treatment groups
Experimental Treatment
Group I: Manipulations of graded feature salience (Expt 1.1)Experimental Treatment2 Interventions
Participants will view stimuli made salient based on feature contrast in one feature dimensions (color or motion direction; or checkerboard luminance contrast). The degree to which a location is salient will be manipulated based on the feature contrast across multiple values

Find a Clinic Near You

Who Is Running the Clinical Trial?

University of California, Santa Barbara

Lead Sponsor

Trials
33
Recruited
3,100+

National Eye Institute (NEI)

Collaborator

Trials
572
Recruited
1,320,000+

Findings from Research

This study provides evidence that specific regions in the human visual cortex act as 'feature dimension maps' that prioritize locations based on distinct visual features, such as color or motion, using fMRI to analyze brain activation patterns.
The results show a double dissociation where color-selective regions highlight color-defined salient locations while motion-selective regions do the same for motion-defined salience, supporting the idea that the brain processes different visual features independently to guide attention.
Feature-Specific Salience Maps in Human Cortex.Thayer, DD., Sprague, TC.[2023]
Bundesen's Theory of Visual Attention (TVA) can be effectively used to quantitatively measure the salience of visual features, which helps in understanding how differences between objects and their surroundings capture attention.
Through four experiments, including orientation pop-out displays and luminance assessments, the study demonstrates that TVA can be applied to various types of stimuli, enhancing our ability to analyze salience effects in visual attention research.
Fast and Conspicuous? Quantifying Salience With the Theory of Visual Attention.Krüger, A., Tünnermann, J., Scharlau, I.[2020]

References

A saliency-based search mechanism for overt and covert shifts of visual attention. [2022]
Visual attention: the where, what, how and why of saliency. [2019]
Feature-Specific Salience Maps in Human Cortex. [2023]
State-of-the-art in visual attention modeling. [2013]
Salience measure for assessing scale-based features in mammograms. [2019]
Eye movements as a probe of attention. [2022]
Fast and Conspicuous? Quantifying Salience With the Theory of Visual Attention. [2020]
Salience, relevance, and firing: a priority map for target selection. [2006]
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