Antibiotic Use After Appendectomy for Appendicitis

(CASA RELAX Trial)

No longer recruiting at 12 trial locations
DD
Overseen ByDaniel D Yeh, MD, MHPE
No Placebo GroupAll trial participants will receive the active study treatment (no placebo)

What You Need to Know Before You Apply

What is the purpose of this trial?

This trial examines whether reducing antibiotics after appendicitis surgery can lower side effects while maintaining patient safety. It compares the standard longer antibiotic use (Liberal Duration of SOC Antibiotic Use) with a shorter duration (Restricted Duration of SOC Antibiotic Use). Individuals who have undergone an appendectomy for either simple or complicated appendicitis (when the appendix is swollen or burst) may qualify if they can be easily contacted after discharge.

As an unphased trial, this study provides patients an opportunity to contribute to important research that could enhance post-surgery care.

Do I have to stop taking my current medications for this trial?

The protocol does not specify if you need to stop taking your current medications, but if you are currently using antibiotics for other reasons, you cannot participate in the trial.

Is there any evidence suggesting that this trial's treatments are likely to be safe?

Research has shown that using fewer antibiotics after appendicitis surgery might be as safe as using more. For instance, studies found that taking antibiotics for only two days after complex appendicitis poses no greater risk of infection or death within 90 days than taking them for five days. This suggests that a shorter antibiotic course can still protect patients.

Moreover, another study found that the rate of serious side effects was similar between those who took antibiotics and those who underwent surgery for appendicitis. This indicates that antibiotics are generally well-tolerated, regardless of duration. Thus, using fewer antibiotics after surgery could reduce side effects while maintaining safety.12345

Why are researchers excited about this trial?

Researchers are excited about this trial because it explores how long antibiotics should be used after an appendectomy, which could lead to less antibiotic use without impacting recovery. Currently, standard care often involves using antibiotics for several days, especially in complicated cases. The trial compares a "liberal" approach, with up to four days of antibiotics, to a "restricted" approach, which limits antibiotics to up to 24 hours or none at all. This could reduce antibiotic resistance and side effects while maintaining effective treatment, a significant benefit for patient care.

What evidence suggests that this trial's treatments could be effective for appendicitis?

This trial will compare different durations of antibiotic use after appendectomy for appendicitis. Research has shown that shorter antibiotic courses after appendix removal might still effectively prevent infections. In the Liberal Post-Operative Antibiotics Group, participants with complicated appendicitis will receive 4 days of post-operative antibiotics, while those with simple appendicitis will receive 24 hours. In the Restricted Post-Operative Antibiotics Group, participants with complicated appendicitis will receive up to 24 hours of antibiotics, and those with simple appendicitis will not receive post-operative antibiotics. Studies have found that shorter antibiotic treatments, such as 3 days instead of 5, work just as well in preventing infections after surgery for complicated cases. Specifically, another study found that 2 days of antibiotics were as effective as 5 days in preventing complications and death in complex appendicitis cases. For simple appendicitis, most patients have been successfully treated with antibiotics alone. Overall, shorter antibiotic treatments seem effective and may also reduce side effects and costs.24567

Who Is on the Research Team?

DD

Daniel D Yeh, MD, MHPE

Principal Investigator

Denver Health and Hospital Authority

Are You a Good Fit for This Trial?

This trial is for adults over 18 who are having their appendix removed due to appendicitis. They must have a reliable way to be contacted after leaving the hospital. People with uncontrolled diabetes, pregnant women, prisoners, those unable to follow treatment plans or give consent, immunocompromised individuals, and patients on current antibiotics for other conditions cannot participate.

Inclusion Criteria

I am scheduled for an appendectomy, whether my appendix is ruptured or not.
I have a working phone or reliable way to be contacted after leaving the hospital.

Exclusion Criteria

I have high blood sugar that is not under control or I have Type 1 Diabetes.
I am unable to give consent by myself.
Prisoners
See 11 more

Timeline for a Trial Participant

Screening

Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial

2-4 weeks

Treatment

Participants receive post-operative antibiotics based on the complexity of appendicitis: 24 hours for simple cases and up to 4 days for complicated cases

1-4 days

Follow-up

Participants are monitored for safety and effectiveness after treatment, including incidence of infectious/antibiotic complications and adverse effects

40 days

What Are the Treatments Tested in This Trial?

Interventions

  • Liberal Duration of SOC Antibiotic Use
  • Restricted Duration of SOC Antibiotic Use
Trial Overview The study is testing if using antibiotics for a shorter (restricted) or longer (liberal) time after appendectomy surgery affects patient safety and reduces side effects linked with antibiotic use. The goal is to find out whether less antibiotic use can still keep patients safe post-surgery.
How Is the Trial Designed?
2Treatment groups
Experimental Treatment
Active Control
Group I: Restricted Post-Operative Antibiotics GroupExperimental Treatment1 Intervention
Group II: Liberal Post-Operative Antibiotics GroupActive Control1 Intervention

Find a Clinic Near You

Who Is Running the Clinical Trial?

University of Miami

Lead Sponsor

Trials
976
Recruited
423,000+

Denver Health and Hospital Authority

Lead Sponsor

Trials
106
Recruited
403,000+

Published Research Related to This Trial

In a study of 1,343 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for complicated appendicitis, a standardized 5-day antibiotic regimen (cefuroxime and metronidazole) was found to be as effective as a non-standardized 10-day regimen in preventing surgical site infections (SSIs).
The 5-day treatment not only maintained similar infection rates but also resulted in shorter hospital stays and lower medical costs, suggesting it is a more efficient option for post-operative care.
Effect of a Standardized Protocol of Antibiotic Therapy on Surgical Site Infection after Laparoscopic Surgery for Complicated Appendicitis.Park, HC., Kim, MJ., Lee, BH.[2017]
Antibiotics are effective in treating acute appendicitis complicated by local peritonitis, with a success rate of 92.8% and a low recurrence rate of 8.9%, indicating they can be a viable alternative to surgery in these cases.
For uncomplicated acute appendicitis, the evidence from randomized controlled trials is insufficient due to methodological issues, making it unclear whether antibiotics can be reliably recommended as a treatment option.
[Can acute appendicitis be treated by antibiotics and in what conditions?].Vons, C.[2009]
Antibiotics for treating appendicitis are safe and can be as effective as surgery, with 21% of patients who started antibiotics undergoing appendectomy within 30 days, highlighting the need for personalized treatment decisions.
Factors such as female sex, a wider appendiceal diameter, and the presence of an appendicolith significantly increased the likelihood of needing surgery within 30 days, while traditional indicators of appendicitis severity did not correlate with this outcome.
Patient Factors Associated With Appendectomy Within 30 Days of Initiating Antibiotic Treatment for Appendicitis.Monsell, SE., Voldal, EC., Davidson, GH., et al.[2023]

Citations

1.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.govpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24668341/
Duration of antibiotic treatment after appendicectomy for ...After appendicectomy for complicated appendicitis, 3 days of antibiotic treatment is equally effective as 5 days in reducing postoperative infections.
A Randomized Trial Comparing Antibiotics with ...This comparative effectiveness trial showed that, for the treatment of appendicitis, antibiotics were noninferior to appendectomy on the ...
Articles 2 days versus 5 days of postoperative antibiotics ...2 days of postoperative intravenous antibiotics for complex appendicitis is non-inferior to 5 days in terms of infectious complications and mortality within 90 ...
Two Days Versus Five Days of Postoperative Antibiotics for...Two days of postoperative antibiotics for complex appendicitis results in a statistically significant and relevant cost reduction, as compared with 5 days.
Antibiotic Therapy vs Appendectomy for Treatment of ...Nevertheless, the majority (73%) of patients with uncomplicated acute appendicitis were successfully treated with antibiotics. None of the ...
REstrictive or Liberal postoperative Antibiotic eXposure ...We hypothesize that a restrictive strategy of postoperative antibiotics after simple and complicated appendicitis results in a higher DOOR ...
2 days versus 5 days of postoperative antibiotics for ...2 days of postoperative intravenous antibiotics for complex appendicitis is non-inferior to 5 days in terms of infectious complications and ...
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