There is no consensus on how to treat this condition. Therapies include medications such as clomiphene citrate, conjugated estrogens, and methotrexate; hormonal suppositories; surgery; and injections. There are no studies comparing different management strategies. However, this condition appears to be very debilitating for women. The literature suggests that estrogen deficiency is likely a major cause of amenorrhea, and this is also consistent with the findings of this study. In addition, while many studies show the role of FSH in restoring maturation of the follicular phase in women with amenorrhea, this study does not support the use of FSH for menopausal replacement of menstruation in amenorrheic women.
Even though the mechanism behind ASherman's syndrome is unknown, it is a reversible and treatable disorder. There are many different treatment options to choose from, and most patients with ASherman's Syndrome can and will recover completely from ASherman's Syndrome. ASherman's Syndrome is not an irrecoverable disease, and therefore, the majority of patients report feeling an overwhelming sense of relief when their ASherman's Syndrome is diagnosed.
The signs of ASH comprise amenorrhea with infertility, pelvic pain and dyspareunia, as well as hypoparathyroidism, adrenal insufficiency and polycystic ovary syndrome. Patients suspected of being women with Asherman's syndrome should be treated in a tertiary hospital due to a high incidence of the above disease.
Asherman's syndrome is a rare anomaly in pregnant women who present with ascites, pleural effusion, and a palpable abdominal mass. We report three cases of Asherman's syndrome, in order to draw attention to the possible association of pregnancy-related ascites with a vanishing bile duct syndrome.
According to this study, there is an estimated incidence of 2.4 cases per 100,000 population per year. Males are more likely to be diagnosed with ASH, although the overall percentage of the population diagnosed with ASH is similar across the sexes. This was reassuring in view of the increasing incidence of ASH in the past decade in developed countries.
An autoimmune basis for this rare condition is suggested. However, because this syndrome is so rare and so poorly understood, future work will be focused on more common causes for this syndrome for the benefit of both affected individuals and clinicians.
There have been significant advances and insights into the etiology of AA-related pathology. The current understanding of the etiology is mostly based on autopsy data and the correlation between intrauterine exposure to environmental pollutants and AA and intrauterine exposure to metals, such as lead, mercury and lead-based pesticides. We must continue to observe the health of women and children, and conduct clinical trials to find how to halt this disease and prevent the negative consequences of this disease.
Plerixafor appears to work rapidly and results in a clinical response within 2-5 days. The therapeutic potential of this treatment in treating acute leukemia may be significantly increased if administered more widely as an adjunct to standard therapy. The use of Plerixafor, as an adjunct to the current treatment regimen, for the treatment of both malignancy and GVHD, warrants further investigation.
There is no evidence for acute side effects from Plerixafor. Patients requiring repeated doses, or with preexisting cardiovascular disease are at increased risk for long-term major adverse events. Further studies are warranted to validate the use of Plerixafor.
Although some studies report that PLX enhances bone marrow recovery and therefore enhances the response to conditioning regimen, the converse is true as well, i.e., that the increased response depends on the PLX given. Given the wide use of PLX and its relatively modest toxicity profile, the authors caution against the practice of combining PLX with any other medication, including conditioning regimens, in patients who are at high risk of relapse.
Plerixafor is a chemotherapeutic agent with a wide variety of side effects, some common and some not so common. The drug is well tolerated; more common (usually mild to moderate intensity) adverse effects include vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, increased pain, fever, and/or increased thirst. Less common adverse effects include anemia, headache, fatigue, confusion, pain, skin reactions and hypersensitivity reactions, allergic reaction, skin discoloration, swelling, abnormal bruising or bleeding. Severe allergic reactions could be fatal. Physicians should be alert to the possibility of such adverse reactions with PLX because of their high occurrence, potential severity, and potential for requiring pharmacological management.
HLA-B*1302 may have a role in ASH, but other factors are at work. The use of this allele as a marker in association studies will be more effective if more than HLA is taken into consideration.