Meal Timing for Metabolism

MN
EH
Overseen ByErin Hanlon, PhD
No Placebo GroupAll trial participants will receive the active study treatment (no placebo)

What You Need to Know Before You Apply

What is the purpose of this trial?

This trial explores how meal timing affects the body's metabolism, specifically how it produces and uses energy. Participants will be divided into groups with different meal schedules: one consuming most calories at breakfast (Early Total Caloric Intake), another consuming more at dinner (Late Total Caloric Intake), and a third spreading calories evenly across meals (Extended Overnight Fast). Suitable candidates are healthy adults aged 30 to 75 who are overweight or obese, sleep 6.5 to 9 hours per night, and are not on special diets or medications. The study aims to determine if meal timing can influence metabolism, potentially varying with age. As an unphased trial, it offers a unique opportunity to contribute to understanding how meal timing impacts health and metabolism.

Do I need to stop my current medications for the trial?

The trial requires that you have not used melatonin, psychoactive, hypnotic, stimulant, or pain medications (except occasionally), or beta blockers within the past month. If you are currently using these, you may need to stop before participating.

Is there any evidence suggesting that this trial's treatments are likely to be safe?

Research has shown that changing meal timing can affect metabolism and overall health. For those considering the Early Total Caloric Intake approach, studies suggest that consuming more calories earlier in the day might reduce overall intake, aiding in weight management.

Conversely, the Late Total Caloric Intake strategy, which involves consuming more calories later in the day, has been linked to increased hunger and a higher risk of weight gain. Thus, eating late might not suit everyone.

Both meal timing strategies are generally safe and well-tolerated, with no reports of serious issues from altering meal times. However, individual health conditions should be considered before making changes to meal timing.12345

Why are researchers excited about this trial?

Researchers are excited about this trial because it explores how the timing of meals can impact our metabolism. Unlike traditional diets that often focus just on calorie counting, this trial examines whether eating more calories early in the day or late at night can change how our bodies process food. Specifically, the trial aims to understand if consuming a majority of calories at breakfast ("Early Total Caloric Intake") or at dinner ("Late Total Caloric Intake") affects metabolic health differently from a balanced intake across meals with an "Extended Overnight Fast." By studying these different eating patterns, researchers hope to uncover new ways to optimize metabolism and improve overall health.

What evidence suggests that this trial's treatments could be effective for metabolism?

This trial will compare different meal timing strategies. Research has shown that consuming most calories earlier in the day can aid weight loss and improve blood pressure. Participants in the Early Total Caloric Intake arm, consuming 60% of their daily calories at breakfast, may experience benefits such as reduced body fat and better blood sugar control. They often feel less hungry throughout the day when eating more in the morning. In contrast, those in the Late Total Caloric Intake arm, consuming most calories later, might experience increased hunger and decreased energy use, potentially leading to weight gain and issues like obesity and metabolic syndrome. Overall, eating earlier in the day appears to manage weight and improve metabolic health more effectively than eating later. The Extended Overnight Fast arm will serve as a comparator, with participants consuming approximately equal calories at each meal.678910

Who Is on the Research Team?

EV

Eve Van Cauter, PhD

Principal Investigator

University of Chicago

Are You a Good Fit for This Trial?

This trial is for healthy overweight or obese adults aged 30-75 with a BMI between 25 and less than 40, who sleep between 6.5 to 9 hours nightly within specific hours. Excluded are those with dietary restrictions, certain blood conditions, diabetes, unstable medical issues, recent surgeries or clinical study participation, menopause or pregnancy in women, and various medication uses.

Inclusion Criteria

Signed informed consent
My BMI is between 25 and 40, and I am considered overweight or obese but otherwise healthy.
signed informed consent
See 4 more

Exclusion Criteria

Members of the study team
You have a gastrointestinal (GI) disease that requires you to make changes to your diet.
My hemoglobin level is above 11.5g/dL if female, or above 13.5g/dL if male.
See 16 more

Timeline for a Trial Participant

Screening

Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial

2-4 weeks

Baseline Assessment

Assessment of habitual sleep, meal timing, and caloric distribution under real-life conditions

1 week

Intervention

Participants undergo a 6-day semi-ambulatory inpatient intervention with different caloric distribution models

6 days
6 days (inpatient)

Post-Intervention Assessment

Repeat short laboratory session to assess changes in metabolic and cardiovascular profiles

1 day

Follow-up

Participants are monitored for safety and effectiveness after treatment

1 week

What Are the Treatments Tested in This Trial?

Interventions

  • Early Total Caloric Intake
  • Extended Overnight Fast
  • Late Total Caloric Intake
Trial Overview The study investigates how eating times affect body metabolism and energy use. Participants will follow different schedules of caloric intake: early total intake versus late intake and an extended overnight fast to see if these factors influence metabolic changes as people age.
How Is the Trial Designed?
3Treatment groups
Experimental Treatment
Active Control
Group I: Late Total Caloric IntakeExperimental Treatment1 Intervention
Group II: Early Total Caloric IntakeExperimental Treatment1 Intervention
Group III: Extended Overnight FastActive Control1 Intervention

Find a Clinic Near You

Who Is Running the Clinical Trial?

University of Chicago

Lead Sponsor

Trials
1,086
Recruited
844,000+

National Institute on Aging (NIA)

Collaborator

Trials
1,841
Recruited
28,150,000+

Northwestern University

Collaborator

Trials
1,674
Recruited
989,000+

Published Research Related to This Trial

A randomized controlled trial found that late eating significantly increased hunger and altered appetite-regulating hormones, leading to a higher ghrelin-to-leptin ratio, which can promote weight gain.
Late eating also decreased energy expenditure and core body temperature, while affecting adipose tissue gene expression in ways that may increase fat storage and decrease fat breakdown, suggesting multiple mechanisms that contribute to obesity risk.
Late isocaloric eating increases hunger, decreases energy expenditure, and modifies metabolic pathways in adults with overweight and obesity.Vujović, N., Piron, MJ., Qian, J., et al.[2023]
An 8-week daytime eating schedule significantly promotes weight loss and improves energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity in healthy adults with a BMI of 19-27 kg/m2, compared to a delayed eating schedule.
Participants on the delayed eating schedule experienced increases in body weight, insulin resistance, and triglycerides, highlighting the negative metabolic effects associated with eating later in the day.
Prolonged, Controlled Daytime versus Delayed Eating Impacts Weight and Metabolism.Allison, KC., Hopkins, CM., Ruggieri, M., et al.[2022]
Eating earlier in the day may help with weight management and metabolic health, but the evidence is inconsistent, highlighting the need for more rigorous and longer studies.
Understanding the circadian mechanisms behind how eating timing affects metabolism could lead to better medical interventions for obesity and metabolic diseases, and help shape clinical guidelines for eating schedules.
Timing of eating in adults across the weight spectrum: Metabolic factors and potential circadian mechanisms.Allison, KC., Goel, N.[2023]

Citations

Impact of calorie restriction on energy metabolism in humansThe CALERIE data also suggests that metabolic adaptation is related to the degree of CR (21% CR achieved during the first 3 months, 18% during the first 6 ...
Effectiveness of Early Time-Restricted Eating for Weight ...In this randomized clinical trial, eTRE was more effective for losing weight and improving diastolic blood pressure and mood than eating over a window of 12 or ...
Randomized Control Trials Early time-restricted eating with ...Early time-restricted eating with energy restriction has a better effect on body fat mass, diastolic blood pressure, metabolic age and fasting glucose
Early time restricted eating compared to daily caloric ...This trial aimed to evaluate the acceptability and efficacy of early time restricted eating plus daily caloric restriction (E-TRE+DCR) as compared to DCR ...
Timing of daily calorie loading affects appetite and hunger ...Participants consuming the morning loaded diet reported significantly lower hunger.
Meal Timing and Anthropometric and Metabolic OutcomesThis systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the association between meal timing strategies and anthropometric and metabolic outcomes.
Timing of Food Intake: Identifying Contributing Factors to ...Changes in meal timing can also affect the frequency of meals and higher meal frequency may lead to higher total energy intake (31). On the other hand, food ...
Stability of the timing of food intake at daily and monthly ...Day-to-day clock timing of caloric events had poor stability within individuals (~ 3-h variation; ICC = 0.12–0.34). The timing of eating was ...
Impact of Early Time-Restricted Eating on Diet Quality ...Nonetheless, our data suggest that eTRE does not meaningfully affect food intake, beyond potentially decreasing energy intake. We also investigated the effects ...
Late isocaloric eating increases hunger, decreases energy ...Late eating has been linked to obesity risk. It is unclear whether this is caused by changes in hunger and appetite, energy expenditure, ...
Unbiased ResultsWe believe in providing patients with all the options.
Your Data Stays Your DataWe only share your information with the clinical trials you're trying to access.
Verified Trials OnlyAll of our trials are run by licensed doctors, researchers, and healthcare companies.
Terms of Service·Privacy Policy·Cookies·Security