Ventilatory Support Methods for Extubation Failure in Preterm Infants

(DIVA Trial)

Recruiting at 21 trial locations

Overseen By Lisa Wesby, MS

Age: < 18

Sex: Any

Trial Phase: Academic

Sponsor: University of Pennsylvania

Disqualifiers: Congenital anomalies, Neurologic disorders, others

No Placebo Group All trial participants will receive the active study treatment (no placebo)

Compensation: Varies

Number of Visits: Unknown

Duration: 5 days

478 Participants Needed

What You Need to Know Before You Apply

What is the purpose of this trial?

This trial explores two methods to help very premature infants breathe better after removal from a breathing machine. The goal is to determine whether a method using technology to match the baby's natural breathing rhythm (NIV-NAVA, a type of ventilatory support) is more effective than a commonly used method (NS-NIPPV, another form of ventilatory support) in preventing breathing problems during the first five days after tube removal. The trial seeks infants born between 23 and 28 weeks who were on a ventilator within their first week of life and are now ready to attempt breathing independently. As an unphased trial, this study provides a unique opportunity to contribute to important research that could enhance breathing support for future premature infants.

Will I have to stop taking my current medications?

The trial information does not specify whether participants must stop taking their current medications.

What prior data suggests that these ventilatory support methods are safe for preterm infants?

Previous studies have shown that the non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA) is well-tolerated by preterm infants. Research indicates that this method helps the ventilator synchronize with the infant's natural breathing, potentially reducing the risk of extubation failure, which is the need to return to the ventilator after removal.

For non-synchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NS-NIPPV), studies have generally found it safe and effective for aiding preterm infants' breathing. NS-NIPPV is commonly used in medical settings and has FDA approval for this purpose.

Both treatments have been studied in infants, with safety supported by past research and clinical experience. However, individual responses can vary, so any concerns should be discussed with the healthcare providers involved in the trial. ^{1 2 3 4 5}

Why are researchers excited about this trial?

Researchers are excited about these ventilatory support methods for preterm infants because they offer innovative ways to assist breathing. NIV-NAVA is unique because it synchronizes with an infant's own breathing efforts, providing a more personalized approach to respiratory support. This contrasts with the standard NS-NIPPV, which delivers breaths at set intervals without syncing with the infant's breathing pattern. By aligning with the infant's natural respiratory drive, NIV-NAVA has the potential to improve comfort and effectiveness, reducing the risk of extubation failure.

What evidence suggests that these ventilatory support methods are effective for extubation failure in preterm infants?

This trial will compare two methods of ventilatory support for extubation failure in preterm infants: NIV-NAVA and NS-NIPPV. Previous studies have shown that NIV-NAVA, a type of breathing support that adjusts to a baby's own breathing efforts, may improve outcomes for preterm infants and reduce the need for more invasive procedures like intubation. In contrast, NS-NIPPV, another type of breathing support, is commonly used but hasn't consistently outperformed other methods like NCPAP (a steady airflow support) in preventing the need to reinsert breathing tubes. Both methods have FDA approval and are widely used, but NIV-NAVA might better match the infant's breathing, potentially reducing the need for reintubation. This trial aims to provide direct comparisons to determine which method is more effective in preventing reintubation in preterm infants. ^{1 2 4 6 7}

Who Is on the Research Team?

Elizabeth Foglia

Principal Investigator

CHOP/UPENN

Are You a Good Fit for This Trial?

The DIVA trial is for preterm infants born between 24 and 27 weeks who were intubated within their first week of life. They must be less than 28 days old when extubated after at least 12 hours on a ventilator. Infants under 500 grams, without consent, needing surgery soon, or with certain health issues can't join.

Inclusion Criteria

I was put on a breathing machine within my first week of life.

I have been on a breathing machine for over 12 hours and am about to be taken off.

The baby is born between 24 and 27 6/7 weeks of pregnancy.

Exclusion Criteria

I have esophageal bleeding or a condition that prevents NG/OG tube placement.

Informed consent not provided

You were born with major birth defects, like underdeveloped lungs.

Timeline for a Trial Participant

Screening

Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial

2-4 weeks

Treatment

Participants receive either NIV-NAVA or NS-NIPPV to prevent extubation failure

5 days

Continuous monitoring

Follow-up

Participants are monitored for safety and effectiveness after treatment

Up to 36 weeks PMA

Long-term follow-up

Monitoring for prematurity-related morbidities and other outcomes

Until 36 weeks PMA

What Are the Treatments Tested in This Trial?

Interventions

• NIV-NAVA
• NS-NIPPV

Trial Overview This study tests if NIV-NAVA (a type of breathing support that adjusts to the baby's own breathing efforts) is better than NS-NIPPV (non-synchronized nasal ventilation) in preventing failure of extubation within five days in premature infants.

How Is the Trial Designed?

Group I: NIV-NAVA Experimental Treatment 1 Intervention

Non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA) is an FDA approved technology that consistently synchronizes non-invasive respiratory support with infant respiratory drive

Group II: NS- NIPPV Active Control 1 Intervention

Non-synchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NS-NIPPV) is an FDA-approved device standardly used in clinical practice at sites to provide an effective mode of non-invasive respiratory support in preterm infants

NIV-NAVA is already approved in United States, Canada for the following indications:

Approved in United States as NIV-NAVA for:

• Prevention of extubation failure in preterm infants

Approved in Canada as NIV-NAVA for:

• Prevention of extubation failure in preterm infants

Who Is Running the Clinical Trial?

University of Pennsylvania

Lead Sponsor

Trials

2,118

Recruited

45,270,000+

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

Collaborator

Trials

3,987

Recruited

47,860,000+

Published Research Related to This Trial

In a study of 78 preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks of gestation, noninvasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA) significantly reduced the rate of extubation failure within 72 hours compared to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP), with failure rates of 8.6% for NIV-NAVA versus 28.6% for NCPAP.

NIV-NAVA also showed lower electrical activity of the diaphragm (Edi) values at 4, 12, and 24 hours post-extubation, suggesting better respiratory support and efficiency compared to NCPAP.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Noninvasive Neurally Adjusted Ventilation in Postextubation Stabilization of Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Study. Shin, SH., Shin, SH., Kim, SH., et al.[2023]

In a retrospective study of preterm infants at high risk for reintubation, the use of noninvasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assistance (NIV-NAVA) significantly reduced reintubation rates within 72 hours after extubation compared to traditional nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) (11.7% vs. 50.0%, p < 0.02).

Despite a longer duration of invasive mechanical ventilation before extubation in the NIV-NAVA group (12.4 days vs. 5.5 days, p < 0.04), there were no significant differences in secondary outcomes such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) rates or other complications, suggesting that NIV-NAVA may be a safer and more effective option for these vulnerable infants.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Is noninvasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assistance (NIV-NAVA) an alternative to NCPAP in preventing extubation failure in preterm infants? Yagui, AC., Gonçalves, PA., Murakami, SH., et al.[2022]

In a study of 24 very low birth weight infants, synchronized noninvasive ventilation using neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV NAVA) significantly improved ventilation postextubation, with 83% of infants showing improved capillary pCO2 levels.

The median pCO2 decreased by 5 mm Hg after increasing NIV NAVA support, indicating that this method effectively supports breathing in premature infants.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Noninvasive Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist in Premature Infants Postextubation. Colaizy, TT., Kummet, GJ., Kummet, CM., et al.[2018]

In a study comparing non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA) and nasal intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in preterm infants under 30 weeks gestation, treatment failure rates were similar between the two methods, with 40% for NIV-NAVA and 47.4% for NIPPV, indicating that both methods are effective post-extubation.

NIV-NAVA was found to be safe for use in this population, showing no significant difference in adverse events compared to NIPPV, suggesting it can be a viable option for respiratory support in premature infants.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist versus nasal intermittent positive-pressure ventilation in preterm infants born before 30 weeks' gestation. Yonehara, K., Ogawa, R., Kamei, Y., et al.[2018]

In a study involving 15 preterm infants, neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA) demonstrated significantly better patient-ventilator synchrony compared to non-invasive pressure support (NIV-PS), with a much lower trigger delay and reduced asynchrony events.

NIV-NAVA also resulted in less diaphragmatic effort and lower peak inspiratory pressures, indicating it may provide more effective support for preterm infants during non-invasive ventilation, even with large air leaks.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in preterm infants: a randomised phase II crossover trial. Lee, J., Kim, HS., Jung, YH., et al.[2022]

In a study comparing noninvasive ventilation methods for preterm infants, those using neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA) had a significantly lower extubation failure rate (6.3%) compared to those on nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) (37.5%).

Both groups had similar respiratory severity scores and ventilation parameters at extubation, suggesting that NIV-NAVA may provide a more effective stabilization method post-extubation for preterm infants.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Comparison of NIV-NAVA and NCPAP in facilitating extubation for very preterm infants. Lee, BK., Shin, SH., Jung, YH., et al.[2020]

Citations

1. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38703014/

Non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV- ... NIV-NAVA as the primary respiratory support did not reduce the need for endotracheal intubation or surfactant therapy. NIV-NAVA seemed to reduce the ...

2. mdpi.com mdpi.com/2227-9067/11/10/1184

Non-Invasive Ventilation with Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory ... This study investigates the effectiveness of extubation from conventional mechanical ventilation using an endotracheal tube (MVET) compared to synchronized non ...

3. onlinelibrary.wiley.com onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/apa.17261

Non‐invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV‐ ... NIV-NAVA has been proposed to provide better outcomes in pre-term infants by improving patient–ventilator synchrony, measuring respiratory work, ...

4. eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40001-025-02803-0

Non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist versus nasal ... The purpose of this study was to compare the benefits of non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA) versus Nasal continuous positive airway ...

5. clinicaltrials.gov clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02590757

Comparison of NIV-NAVA vs. N-CPAP After Extubation in ... This study is a randomized controlled study to compare if a a non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA) is better than nasal continuous ...

6. bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12887-024-04981-y

Non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA ... NIV-NAVA is an emerging technology that allows infants to breathe spontaneously while receiving support breaths proportional to their effort.

7. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39406682/?utm_source=FeedFetcher&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=None&utm_content=0k6Ua-KbukhUskZtTd7WLPlZs9kIpZFqJ2IB--c3XHT&fc=None&ff=20241030054657&v=2.18.0.post9+e462414

Noninvasive neurally-adjusted ventilatory assist in preterm ... Noninvasive neurally-adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA) improves patient-ventilator synchrony and may reduce treatment failure in preterm infants.