nonlinear microscopy imaging of excised surgical margins for Breast Cancer

"Signs of breast cancer include nipple discharge and lump sensations. In younger women, other signs of breast cancer include nipple redness, skin changes and a lump." - Anonymous Online Contributor

"With modern treatments, the survival rates are very high in [breast cancer](https://www.withpower.com/clinical-trials/breast-cancer). The five-year survival (i.e., cure rate) of breast cancer has improved significantly during the 20-year period that has elapsed since the establishment of the modern treatment technologies described above (see Treatment section). However, the disease often recurs, and these recurrences are incurable. Although the five-year survival rate is high for breast cancer, it is lower for other major cancers. For these cancers, the five-year survival rate is often around 50% (i.e., it can be cure 50% of the time)." - Anonymous Online Contributor

"In the UK, 1 in 15 women is diagnosed with [breast cancer](https://www.withpower.com/clinical-trials/breast-cancer) at some point in their life. They can be identified by symptoms such as a lump in the breast or nipple or the thickening of the nipple. The majority of breast cancer cases are either early stage or non-metastatic. Only 10% end up requiring immediate mastectomy and nearly one third will need lumpectomy only. The diagnosis of breast cancer can lead to significant psychological and physical distress. The effects can last beyond breast cancer treatments and into the years after treatment. Breast cancer can have a long term effect on a woman's mood and mental health. Men with breast cancer are more likely to have depressed mood than healthy men." - Anonymous Online Contributor

"Most [breast cancer](https://www.withpower.com/clinical-trials/breast-cancer)s in the NHS are related to the screening program for breast cancer since the start of the 1990s. This is true both in breast density as measured by mammography and the prevalence, incidence and mortality of breast cancer." - Anonymous Online Contributor

"It can be difficult to diagnose a case of [breast cancer](https://www.withpower.com/clinical-trials/breast-cancer) early, since symptoms are sometimes not noticed until the woman is almost incapacitated by advanced cancer. As long as it has not spread elsewhere in the body, treatment is surgically curable (removing the lump through a skin incision, followed by a mastectomy). People with stage 3 breast cancer, though, often have tumors that have spread (metastasized) to remote sites such as the lungs. The most common form is anthracycline therapy. A few newer agents are available, such as the anti-HER2 anti-neuronal growth factor rituximab and other biological agents." - Anonymous Online Contributor

"About 10% of all cancers in the United States are breast cancers. A total of 36,070 women in the US are diagnosed with breast cancer every year. This makes up about 14 cancers per 100,000 women in the US. Most women with breast cancer have diagnosed with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer; 22% to have diagnosed with estrogen receptor negative breast cancer. The five-year survival rate was 79%, while the five-year survival rate was 74.9%, respectively. These 5-year survival rates are higher than the rates in the rest of the world." - Anonymous Online Contributor

"LMT can be used to characterize tumour margins in a tissue microarray (TMA) sample. The algorithm presented here uses a simple and intuitive method to define a specific region in a TMA sample as the "hotspot" for assessment of tumour/normal-like/vacant areas. A "rule-based" image quality criterion of ≤4.2 was used to quantify microscopic changes and define a region centered on the hotspot to perform feature-detection." - Anonymous Online Contributor

"The use of nonlinear microscopy imaging to analyze the excised margins of mastectomies for cancer may identify more recurrence and may have a role in improving patient management." - Anonymous Online Contributor

"These studies are critical because they provide information for patient care and for clinicians working in breast cancer management. Additional studies that may not be included in this review are underway and might shed more light on the topic." - Anonymous Online Contributor

"Most of what's currently being researched, whether it is through chemoprevention, the use of aromatase inhibitors to reduce estrogen hormone levels, or by other means, is directed towards treating the primary cancer (i.e. removing the lump) rather than any metastasizing (i.e. spread) cancer. There has been little research on how to reduce risks of metastases (secondary cancer) which account for as many deaths in women as the initial cancer. This research, both in the lab and in clinical cohorts, would likely yield useful results for patients." - Anonymous Online Contributor

"In the future, we hope that more imaging methods can usefully supplement surgical pathology to aid both the surgeon and the pathologist in their ability to evaluate surgical margins." - Anonymous Online Contributor

"This is a relatively high estimate based on the assumption that metastases occur in a linear pattern from any site of initial cancer spread. The high degree of variability between metastatic sites suggests a more complex spread pattern, with different sites of metastatic spread and variable numbers of metastatic sites." - Anonymous Online Contributor