Nicotinamide riboside for COVID-19

Covid-19 is still an active health crisis. On the heels of a new virus outbreak, the CDC aims to provide information on how to diagnose and respond to this potentially serious illness. The goals of this report are to guide health-care professionals in detecting and responding to the disease, to provide up to date information about coronavirus and the coronavirus disease 2019, and to help health providers understand how to ensure safety for patients and health-care workers. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/nCoV20192019/index.

Symptoms of covid-19 include sudden and severe pain of the throat, with or without fever, and in severe cases a cough that clears up within three to five days. Those with respiratory illness or fever within 14 days before a diagnosis of COVID-19 need to be tested in-depth for the disease to prevent further spread of the virus. It is imperative that patients with these symptoms consult with their doctor. They may be prescribed anti-virals.

There is good evidence for the efficacy of the drug remdesivir, but the duration of disease is still long and the clinical response to treatment is modest. There is no evidence of a cure of the disease. The available evidence at present seems not to support a cure, but the possibility of a prolonged, clinically-remarkable improvement cannot be ruled out.

About 6 million people have been infected with the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 /2019-nCoV in the United States as of early July, which will result in around 20,000 to 28,000 deaths due to SARS-CoV-2 / 2019-nCoV infection.\n

Patients with covid-19 were at increased risk of having multiple hospital admissions due to heart and lung complications; the most common treatment was fluid administration alone. There is no published evidence to support the use of any specific covid-19 treatments. Patients with covid-19 and mild or moderate hypoxemia often experienced minimal or no benefits from oxygen supplementation in the form of nasal cannula or face mask.

This crisis is not in the least devastating as we believe, but the outbreak of a disease that is already affecting a considerable population, not to mention those, already in a precarious social and economical situation, is going to have an enormous influence on health and the social life of countries around the world. There are new challenges to be faced, so we can say that, as in the past, social health policies and the health and social service activities related to the epidemic must be strengthened. We will have to develop a more global strategy and to increase the knowledge and vigilance about epidemics.

There are currently [no medications or vaccine that can treat or prevent covid-19]. However, there are currently [no clinical trials that can prove that any of the aforementioned treatments are efficacious in curing or preventing covid-19]. There have been several clinical trials published lately that try to support the use of antiviral [truncating mutations of NPP3C gene], anti-inflammatory, and IL-6 inhibitor drugs in preventing / treating covid-19. However, these approaches have failed to show an efficacious [in curing or preventing covid-19] and [in clinical trials, show [no statistically significant differences in any of these clinical trials compared to placebo controls] have yet to be used.

Both genetic and environmental factors play an important role in determining an individual's risk of contracting covid-19. This indicates that our current methods of surveillance and intervention are not effective enough to prevent the virus from spreading. These measures should therefore be improved.

There are no studies on nicotinamide riboside, but a few studies supporting its use after bone marrow [transplant](https://www.withpower.com/clinical-trials/transplant)ation (BMT) to treat HCC and CVD, and a study on its use as a prophylactic in MDS. As a supplement and as part of HCC, clinical studies have focused on treating patients with cirrhosis, metastatic disease, and recurrent metastatic disease. Nicotinamide riboside has shown to reduce liver cancer recurrence and prolong overall survival; the mechanism for this efficacy is unknown. One review that summarizes these studies is summarized below.\n\nFor CVD, a systematic review and meta-analysis of 16 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was performed.

Inhibition of NAD+-dependent glycolysis would be therapeutically attractive as it would have the potential to reduce oxidative stress and thus limit viral proliferation by reducing the demand for ribonucleotides, which otherwise would compete with the virus to use as building blocks. Inhibition of NAD+-dependent glycolysis was recently shown to be efficient in inhibiting viral proliferation in the case of the Zika virus. Data from a recent study demonstrate the use of NAM in the management of the viral disease Zika, and provide rationale for NAM's clinical development for use against other viral infections. Clinical trials of NAM in patients with various indications are currently taking place.

The health consequences of an acute coronavirus outbreak include increased rates of infection, increased mortality, and greater demands on healthcare. The potential impact of an outbreak, particularly on healthcare provision and services are likely to be significant; however, evidence of such immediate consequences is challenging and more research is required.